The Effect of Globalisation on The Environment in Developing Countries

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the environmental impact of globalization in fifteen developing countries over the period from 1970 to 2016. The countries are Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. To this end, an environmental Kuznets curve model controlled by globalization was followed. Contrary to the prevailing literature, the most comprehensive indicator of environmental damage, the ecological footprint, was used as the dependent variable in the study. In order to determine the relationship between the variables, firstly unit root tests and cointegration tests were applied and then the long-term coefficients were estimated. As a result of econometric applications, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and the square of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) increase the ecological footprint, while globalization reduces the ecological footprint. So, it is concluded that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is not valid in case the ecological footprint is used to represent environmental degradation

Keywords

• Globalization
• Environmental degradation
• Ecological footprint

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Küreselleşmenin Çevre Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışma küreselleşmenin çevre üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektedir. Bunun için küreselleşme ile kontrol edilen bir çevresel Kuznets eğrisi modeli takip edilmektedir. Analizde Türkiye, Çin, Endonezya, Güney Afrika, Brezilya, Şili, Mısır, Tayland, Kolombiya, Meksika, Filipinler, Peru, Malezya, Polonya, Hindistan olmak üzere 15 gelişmekte olan ülkenin 1970-2016 dönemine ait yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır. Analizde panel birim kök testleri, panel eşbütünleşme testleri ve panel eşbütünleşme tahmincileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada literatürden faklı olarak çevresel tahribatların en kapsamlı göstergesi, ekolojik ayak izi, bağımlı değişken olarak tercih edilmektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek için öncelikle birim kök testleri, eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır ve daha sonra uzun dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Ekonometrik uygulamaların sonucunda kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) ve kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hasılanın karesinin (GSYİH) ekolojik ayak izini arttırdığı, küreselleşmenin ise ekolojik ayak izini azalttığı sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Buna ekolojik ayak izi açısından çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Küreselleşme
• Çevre sorunları
• Ekolojik ayak izi

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