Sociology of Crime and Its Representation in the News Discourse

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 176 - 195, 31.01.2018

O. Özgür Güven

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.340042

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study discusses the perspectives on
crime and the debates about the construction and the representation of crime in
the news discourse. During the 19th century, debates about crime were mostly
shaped by individual pathology which concentrated on physical characteristics,
biological heritage and mental disorders. However, these debates became
distinguished in the sociology field by the beginning of 20th century for the
first time. This shift in the debates about crime would set the framework of
the mainstream criminology approach in academy until the 1970s. Rather than
relying on a sociological perspective, this approach remained within the
boundaries of positivist understanding and focused on exploring the causes of
crime via individual. However, the 1960s witnessed the questioning of this
paradigm and by 1970s, sociological analyses and resolutions of crime came to
existence with the help of socio-economical system criticisms. These
discussions which intersect with the critical media studies relying mainly on
‘dominant ideology’ focus on the sociological construction processes and the
representation patterns of crime.

Keywords

crime, criminology, poverty, news discourse

Suçun Sosyolojisi ve Haber Söyleminde Temsili

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, suça ilişkin perspektifler ve suçun haber söyleminde inşa
ve temsili tartışmaları ele alınmaktadır. Fiziksel özelliklere, biyolojik
kalıtıma ve zihinsel hastalıklara odaklanan bireysel patoloji düşüncesinin
tayin edici olduğu 19. yüzyıldaki suç tartışması ilk kez 20. yüzyıl başlarında sosyoloji
alanında temayüz etti. Suç tartışmasındaki bu evrim, 1970’li yıllara kadar akademide
kriminolojik görüş üretmenin çerçevesini belirleyecekti. Sosyolojik bir
perspektif oluşturmaktan ziyade pozitivist tahayyülün sınırları dahilinde kalan
tartışmalar, birey üzerinden suçun nedenlerini keşfetmeye odaklandı. Bu
paradigma, 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren irdelendi ve 1970’lerle birlikte sosyo-ekonomik
sistemsel eleştiri ile sosyolojik çözümleme ve önermeler ortaya çıktı. Esas
olarak ‘egemen ideoloji’ tezine dayanan eleştirel medya çalışmalarıyla kesişen tartışmalarda,
suçun toplumsal inşa süreçleri ve temsil biçimleri inceleme konusu edilmektedir.

Keywords

suç, kriminoloji, yoksulluk, haber söylemi

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