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The Relationship of Economic Growth With Consumption, Investment, Unemployment Rates, Saving Rates and Portfolio Investments In The Developing Countries

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 980 - 987, 11.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.342917

Abstract

The
Keynesian macroeconomic model implies
that household expenditures, investments,
and savings have significant impacts on economic growth by affecting total
expenditures. Therefore, policymakers
should determine and apply appropriate policies to maintain these variables. For this purpose, the relationship of
economic growth with consumption, investment, unemployment, portfolio
investments and saving rates in the Brazil, Russia, India, South Africa and
Turkey are analyzed with the panel data
method using annual data for the period 2005-2016. Saving rates appear to have the most impact on economic growth in accordance with the estimation results of
Prais-Winsten Panel Correlated Standard Errors and Feasible Generalized Least
Squares which take cross-section dependence into
consideration. A 1% increase
in saving rates increases economic growth by 0.50%. An increase of 1% in
consumption expenditures increases economic growth by 0.41%. While an increase of 1% in investment
expenditures increases economic growth by 0.25%, the increase in portfolio
investments is insignificant, eventhough its impact on economic growth is
positive. An increase in
unemployment rates negatively affects economic growth in compliance with the
theory.

References

  • Agbloyor, E. K., Abor, J. Y., Adjasi, C. K. D., & Yawson, A. (2014). Private capital flows and economic growth in Africa: The role of domestic financial markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 30, 137-152.
  • Aizenman, J., Jinjarak, Y., & Park, D. (2013). Capital flows and economic growth in the era of financial integration and crisis, 1990–2010. Open Economies Review, 24(3), 371-396.
  • Akeju, K. F., & Olanipekun, D. B. (2014). Unemployment and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 138-144.
  • Aktar, İ., Demirci, N., & Öztürk, L. (2009). Can unemployment be cured by economic growth and foreign direct investment?. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (17), 452-467.
  • Albulescu, C. T. (2015). Do Foreign Direct and Portfolio Investments Affect Long-term Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe?. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 507-512.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J. W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of international Economics, 45(1), 115-135.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Calmfors, L., & Holmlund, B. (2000). Unemployment and economic growth: a partial survey. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7(1), 107-154.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the american statistical association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Hansen, C. B. (2007). Generalized least squares inference in panel and multilevel models with serial correlation and fixed effects. Journal of Econometrics, 140(2), 670-694.
  • Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel data. Cambrdige University Press.
  • Kmenta, J. (1986). Elements of Econometrics, MacMillan. New York.
  • Li, X., & Liu, X. (2005). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: an increasingly endogenous relationship. World development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Parks, R. W. (1967). Efficient estimation of a system of regression equations when disturbances are both serially and contemporaneously correlated. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62(318), 500-509.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper, No. 1229.
  • Singh, T. (2010). Does domestic saving cause economic growth? A time-series evidence from India. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(2), 231-253.
  • Tang, C. F., & Tan, B. W. (2014). A revalidation of the savings–growth nexus in Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 36, 370-377.

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Ekonomik Büyüme, Tüketim, Yatırım, İşsizlik Oranları, Tasarruf Oranları ve Portfolyo Yatırımları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 980 - 987, 11.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.342917

Abstract

Keynezyen
makroekonomik model hane halkı harcamalarının, yatırımın ve tasarruf
oranlarının toplam harcamaları etkileyerek ekonomik büyüme üzerinde önemli
etkilere sahip olacağını belirtmektedir. Bu nedenle politika yapıcılar bu
değişkenleri yönetebilmek için uygun politikalar belirlemeli ve uygulamalıdır.
Bu amaçla çalışmada Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye
ekonomilerinde ekonomik büyüme, tüketim, yatırım, işsizlik, portföy yatırımları
ve tasarruf oranları arasındaki ilişki, 2005-2016 dönemi için yıllık veriler
kullanılarak, panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Yatay kesit
bağımlılığını, dikkate alan Prais-Winsten Panel Düzeltilmiş Standart Hatalar ve
En Uygun Genelleştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler tahmin sonuçlarına göre ele alınan
değişkenlerden ekonomik büyümeyi en fazla etkileyen tasarruf oranlarıdır.
Tasarruf oranlarındaki 1%’lik bir artış ekonomik büyümeyi 0.50% arttırmaktadır.
Tasarruf oranlarının ardından tüketim harcamaları gelmektedir. Tüketim
harcamalarındaki 1%’lik bir artış ekonomik büyümeyi 0.41% arttırmaktadır.
Yatırım harcamalarındaki 1%’lik bir artış ekonomik büyümeyi 0.25% arttırırken,
portföy yatırımlarındaki artışın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi pozitif
olmakla beraber, önemsizdir. İşsizlik oranlarındaki bir artış ise teori ile
uyumlu bir şekilde ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz etkilemektedir.

References

  • Agbloyor, E. K., Abor, J. Y., Adjasi, C. K. D., & Yawson, A. (2014). Private capital flows and economic growth in Africa: The role of domestic financial markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 30, 137-152.
  • Aizenman, J., Jinjarak, Y., & Park, D. (2013). Capital flows and economic growth in the era of financial integration and crisis, 1990–2010. Open Economies Review, 24(3), 371-396.
  • Akeju, K. F., & Olanipekun, D. B. (2014). Unemployment and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 138-144.
  • Aktar, İ., Demirci, N., & Öztürk, L. (2009). Can unemployment be cured by economic growth and foreign direct investment?. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (17), 452-467.
  • Albulescu, C. T. (2015). Do Foreign Direct and Portfolio Investments Affect Long-term Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe?. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 507-512.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., & Lee, J. W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of international Economics, 45(1), 115-135.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Calmfors, L., & Holmlund, B. (2000). Unemployment and economic growth: a partial survey. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7(1), 107-154.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the american statistical association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Hansen, C. B. (2007). Generalized least squares inference in panel and multilevel models with serial correlation and fixed effects. Journal of Econometrics, 140(2), 670-694.
  • Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel data. Cambrdige University Press.
  • Kmenta, J. (1986). Elements of Econometrics, MacMillan. New York.
  • Li, X., & Liu, X. (2005). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: an increasingly endogenous relationship. World development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Parks, R. W. (1967). Efficient estimation of a system of regression equations when disturbances are both serially and contemporaneously correlated. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62(318), 500-509.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper, No. 1229.
  • Singh, T. (2010). Does domestic saving cause economic growth? A time-series evidence from India. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(2), 231-253.
  • Tang, C. F., & Tan, B. W. (2014). A revalidation of the savings–growth nexus in Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 36, 370-377.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Economics
Authors

Ali Alper 0000-0003-0008-1202

Publication Date July 11, 2018
Submission Date October 11, 2017
Acceptance Date July 5, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alper, A. (2018). The Relationship of Economic Growth With Consumption, Investment, Unemployment Rates, Saving Rates and Portfolio Investments In The Developing Countries. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 980-987. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.342917

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