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Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1558 - 1573, 27.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.444411

Abstract

Yeni
(içsel) büyüme teorileri ortaya konulduktan sonra, bu teorilerde yer alan
baskın rolün beşeri sermaye değişkenine verildiği görülmektedir. Beşeri
sermayeyi temsil edebilecek asıl göstergeyi resmi ya da resmi olmayan eğitim
göstergeleri oluştursa da toplumun sağlık düzeyi ile ilgili göstergeler de
beşeri sermayeyi besleyen ve gelişmesine katkı yapan bir unsur olarak büyüme
modellerinde yer almaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme ve beşeri sermaye ilişkisini
tartışan literatürde, beşeri sermayeyi temsil edebilen değişkenlerle ekonomik
büyüme göstergeleri arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir konsesüse varılamadığı
anlaşılmaktadır. Literatürde, nedenselliğin yönü ile ilgili olarak tek yönlü ya
da karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkilerini destekleyen çalışmalara
rastlanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle daha geniş data setiyle ve yeni ekonometrik yöntemler
kullanılarak tahminler yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma sözü edilen
gerekçelerle beşeri sermaye ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini, yeni nesil panel
nedensellik testlerinden biri olan Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) yaklaşımı ve
Dünya Bankasının ülkeleri gelirlerine göre sınıflandırdığı dört farklı ülke
grubu için 1995-2014 verilerini kullanarak tahmin etmektedir. Beşeri sermaye
göstergesi olarak, kişi başına sağlık harcamaları; toplam sağlık harcamaları,
özel sağlık harcamaları ve kamu sağlık harcamaları kullanılırken, ekonomik
büyüme göstergesi olarak da kişi başına gelir değişkeni tercih edilmiştir.
Ülke gruplarına göre elde edilen sonuçlar değişkenler arasında çift yönlü
nedensellik ilişkisine işaret etmektedir.

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Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth Relation: Panel Causality Analysis

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1558 - 1573, 27.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.444411

Abstract

With the development of new
(endogenaus) growth theories, it is observed that the major role in these
theories had been given to human capital. Although offical or non-offical
education indicators are the main indicators which represent human capital, the
indicators about the health level of a society also appear in growth models as
an element which feeds human capital and contributes its development. The
literature which discuss the relation between economic growth and human capital
could not come to a consensus about the relation between the variables which
represent human capital and economic growth indicators. There are studies, in
the literature, which support one-way or mutual causality relations regarding
the direction of the causality. Hence, it is necessary to conduct predictions
by using larger data sets and new econometric models. This study predicts the
relationship between human capital and economic growth by using Emirmahmutoglu
and Kose (2011) approach, which is one of the new generation panel causality
tests, for the four different country groups by income levels which is
classified by the World Bank for the period of 1995-2014. We used personal
healthcare expenditures, total healthcare expenditures, private healthcare expenditures
and public healthcare expenditures as human capital indicators, and personal
income as economic growth indicator. The results obtained, according to the
country groups, point to two-way causality relation between variables.

References

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  • Ashgar, N., Awan, A. ve Rehman, H. (2012). Human Capital and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Cointegration and Causality Analysis. İnternational Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(4), 135-147.
  • Atasever, M. (2014). Türkiye’de Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Finansmanı ve Sağlık Harcamalarının Analizi 2002-2013 Dönemi. Bakanlık Yayın No: 983, Ankara.
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  • Bedir, S. (2016). Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Advances in Economics and Business, 4 (2), 76-86.
  • Bloom, D. E. ve Canning, D. (2000). The Health and Wealth of Nations. Science’s Compas, Policy Forum: Public Health, Bolüm: 287, 1207-1209
  • Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., Sevilla, J. (2001). The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No: 8587, 1-26.
  • Bloom, D. E., Canning, D. ve Sevilla, J. (2004). The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach. World Development, 32 (1), 1-13.
  • Breitung, J. (2005). A Parametric Approach To The Estimation Of Cointegration Vectors In Panel Data. Econometric Reviews, 24, 151-173.
  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test And Its Applications To Model Specification In Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47 (1), 239-253.
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  • Çetin, M. ve Ecevit, E. (2010). Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(5), 166-182.
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  • Dreger, C. ve Reimers H. E. (2005). Health care expenditures in OECD countries: a panel unit root and cointegration analysis. IZA Discussion Paper, 1469, 1-20.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. ve Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing For Granger Non-Causality In Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Elmi, M. Z. ve Sadeghi, S. (2012). Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Panel Co-Integration and Causality. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12 (1), 88-91.
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Para Krizlerinin Ekonometrik Analizi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ekonometri Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. ve Köse, N. (2011). Testing For Granger Causality In Heterogeneous Mixed Panels. Economic Modelling, 28, 870-876.
  • Erdil, E. ve Yetkiner, I. H. (2004). A Panel Data Approach for Income- Health Causality. The Economics of Health Reforms, (Ed. J.N. Yfantopoulus), 38, 701-724. https://www2.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss/FB/15/Sustainability/yetkiner/ papers/FNU47.pdf Erişim T: 02.02. 2017
  • Fisher, R. A. (1932). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 4th edition.
  • Foon Tang, C. (2011). Multivariate Granger Causality and the Dynamic Relationship Between Health Care Spanding, Income and Relative Price of Health Care in Malaysia. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 52, 199-214.
  • Georgiou, M. N. (2013). Health Expenditure and Economic Growth. A Worldwide Panel Data Analys. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2250761 Erişim T: 18.06.2016
  • Gerdtham, U. G. ve Löthgren, M. (2002). New Panel Results on Cointegration of International Health Expenditure and GDP. Applied Economics, 34, 1679-1686.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models: Cross Spectral Methods. Econometrica, 37, 424-438.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (2003). Some Aspects Of Causal Relationships. Journal of Econometrics, 112, 69-71.
  • Grosman, M. (1972). On The Concept Of Health Capital And The Demand For Health. Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223-55.
  • Gyimah-Brempong, K. ve Wilson, M. (2004). Health Human Capital and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African and OECD Countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 44(2), 296-320.
  • Hartwig, J. (2010). Is Health Capital Formation Good for Long-term Economic Growth?-Panel Granger-causality Evidence for OECD Countries. Journal of Macroeconomics, 32, 314-325.
  • Hayaloğlu, P. ve Bal, H. Ç. (2015). Üst Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 35-44.
  • Hayran, O. (1998). Sağlık Hizmetleri, Sağlık Hizmetleri El Kitabı (Editör: Osman HAYRAN ve Haydar SUR). Yüce Yayım, Çevik Matbaası, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, 15-32, 450 s.
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There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Economics
Authors

Hacı Hayrettin Tıraş

Hüseyin Ağır

Publication Date September 27, 2018
Submission Date July 16, 2018
Acceptance Date September 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tıraş, H. H., & Ağır, H. (2018). Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(4), 1558-1573. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.444411