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H.G. Wells’in Dünyalar Savaşı’nda Irksal Üstünlük Söyleminin Sorgulanması

Year 2019, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 685 - 694, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.458631

Abstract

Darwin’in evrim teorisinden etkilenen Wells, her türün zayıf
yanları olduğundan hiçbir türün mutlak üstünlüğe sahip olmadığına inanır. Bu
nedenle Wells, bilimsel, teknolojik ve entelektüel başarıları nedeniyle diğer
milletlerden üstün olduklarını iddia eden İngilizleri eleştirir. Yazar,
İngiltere’nin Marslılar tarafından işgal edilmesini tasvir eden Dünyalar Savaşı’nda (1897) İngilizlerin
üstünlük duygusunu sorgular.  Bilim,
teknoloji ve akıl yönünden çok üstün olan Marslılarla karşılaşan İngilizler,
sağduyu, mantık ve öngörüden yoksun ilkel yaratıklara indirgenir. Böylelikle Wells,
İngilizlerin güçlerini sömürgeci ve bilimsel girişimlerle kanıtlamış olsalar da
hala gizli, gelişmemiş tarafları olduğunu iddia eder. Ayrıca, İngilizlerin
üstün bir medeniyetle yüzleşmelerinin özgüvenlerini yok ettiğini ve değişen
koşullara uyum sağlayamadıklarında var olma mücadelesinde yenik
düşebileceklerini savunur. Fakat sadece İngilizlerin değil, aynı zamanda
Marslıların da yeryüzünde yaşayan rakipleri gibi doğal seçimin etkilerine maruz
kaldıkları için zayıf tarafları olduğunu ekler. Marslılar teknolojik güçleri
vasıtasıyla İngilizler üzerinde hâkimiyet kursalar da insanların bağışıklık
geliştirdiği yeryüzünde yaşayan bakteriler tarafından yok edildikleri için
biyolojik olarak daha zayıflardır. Mevcut çalışma, Darwin’in evrim teorisine ve
Batı ırkçılığına etkilerine atıfta bulunarak Wells’in Dünyalar Savaşı’nda ırksal üstünlük kavramını sorguladığını iddia
eder.

References

  • Aldiss, B. W. (1990). Wells and the leopard lady. P. Parrinder ve C. Rolfe (Ed.), H. G. Wells under revision: Proceedings of the international H. G. Wells symposium London, July 1986 (ss. 27-40). Cranbury: Associated University Press.
  • Brantlinger, P. (2010). Empire and nationalism. J. Shattock (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to English literature, 1830-1914 (ss. 251-270). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Creed, B. (2009). Darwin’ s screens: Evolutionary aesthetics, time and sexual display in the cinema. Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (1870). On the origin of species. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  • Diamond, J. (2003). In black and white. K. Reilly, S. Kaufman ve A. Bodino (Ed.), Racism: A global reader (ss. 23-27). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
  • Flynn, J. L. (2005). War of the worlds: From Wells to Spielberg. Maryland: Galactic Books.
  • Fryer, P. (1993). Aspects of British black history. London: Index Books.
  • Huxley, T. H. (2009). Evolution and ethics. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press.
  • Scholes, R. ve Rabkin, E. S. (1977). Science fiction: History-science-vision. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Vogeler, M. S. (1990). Wells and positivism. P. Parrinder ve C. Rolfe (Ed.), H. G. Wells under revision: Proceedings of the international H. G. Wells symposium London, July 1986 (ss. 181-192). Cranbury: Associated University Press.
  • Wells, H. (1930). The war of the worlds. London: William Heinemann.

Challenging the Discourse of Racial Superiority in H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds

Year 2019, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 685 - 694, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.458631

Abstract



Influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, Wells believes
that no species can have absolute superiority since each species has their own
weaknesses. Hence, Wells criticizes the English who claim superiority over
other nations due to their scientific, technological, and intellectual
achievements. The writer questions the English sense of superiority in The War of the Worlds (1897), which
depicts the invasion of England by the Martians. Confronted by the Martians
that are far superior in terms of science, technology, and intellect the
English are reduced to primitive creatures that are devoid of sense, logic and
prudence.  Accordingly, Wells argues that
although the English have proven their power through colonial and scientific
enterprises, they have still latent, undeveloped sides. Moreover, he maintains
that the confrontation of the English with a superior civilization has destroyed
their self-confidence and unveiled the fact that they might be losers in the
struggle for existence if they are not adapted to new conditions. However, he
adds that not only the English but also the Martians have weak sides as they
are exposed to the impacts of natural selection like their terrestrial
opponents. Although the Martians dominate the English through their
technological power, they are biologically weaker in that they are destroyed by
earthly bacteria to which human beings are immune. The presents study claims
that Wells questions racial superiority in The
War of the Worlds
through referring to Darwin’s theory of evolution and its
impacts on Western racism.

References

  • Aldiss, B. W. (1990). Wells and the leopard lady. P. Parrinder ve C. Rolfe (Ed.), H. G. Wells under revision: Proceedings of the international H. G. Wells symposium London, July 1986 (ss. 27-40). Cranbury: Associated University Press.
  • Brantlinger, P. (2010). Empire and nationalism. J. Shattock (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to English literature, 1830-1914 (ss. 251-270). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Creed, B. (2009). Darwin’ s screens: Evolutionary aesthetics, time and sexual display in the cinema. Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
  • Darwin, C. (1870). On the origin of species. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  • Diamond, J. (2003). In black and white. K. Reilly, S. Kaufman ve A. Bodino (Ed.), Racism: A global reader (ss. 23-27). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
  • Flynn, J. L. (2005). War of the worlds: From Wells to Spielberg. Maryland: Galactic Books.
  • Fryer, P. (1993). Aspects of British black history. London: Index Books.
  • Huxley, T. H. (2009). Evolution and ethics. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press.
  • Scholes, R. ve Rabkin, E. S. (1977). Science fiction: History-science-vision. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Vogeler, M. S. (1990). Wells and positivism. P. Parrinder ve C. Rolfe (Ed.), H. G. Wells under revision: Proceedings of the international H. G. Wells symposium London, July 1986 (ss. 181-192). Cranbury: Associated University Press.
  • Wells, H. (1930). The war of the worlds. London: William Heinemann.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section English Language and Literature
Authors

Şebnem Düzgün

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Submission Date September 10, 2018
Acceptance Date March 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Düzgün, Ş. (2019). H.G. Wells’in Dünyalar Savaşı’nda Irksal Üstünlük Söyleminin Sorgulanması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 685-694. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.458631