Communication Technologies and Social Movements: A Systematic Review of Literature

Year 2019, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 759 - 779, 01.04.2019

Zafer Kıyan

Abstract

Communication technologies have become pervasive tools
in social movements in recent years. These uses have met with growing
researcher’s attention around the world. This is why the role of communication
technologies in social movements is currently a hot topic in academic circles.
Using the qualitative and quantitative content analysis, this study presents
the result of a systematic literature review of 53 studies that deal with the
use of communication technologies in social movements. The literature review
was carried out under five categories. In the first and second categories, the
emphasis was given to which social movements and communication tools these
studies analyze; in the third and fourth categories, their methodologies and
data collection techniques were examined; and in the fifth category, the
relationship they establish between social movements and media was explored.
According to the results, mostly the Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street
protests were examined in these studies and Twitter was analyzed the most. The
results also showed that quantitative and qualitative content analysis
techniques were used the most in these studies and computational-based data
collection techniques were utilized at the highest level. Finally, the results
proved a positive relationship between media and social movements in the
examined studies.

Keywords

Communication technologies, Social movements, Twitter, Facebook, Arab Spring

İletişim Teknolojileri ve Toplumsal Hareketler: Sistematik Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Abstract

Günümüzde iletişim teknolojileri toplumsal
hareketlerde yoğun olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu durum, dünya genelinde
araştırmacıların artan ilgisiyle karşılaşmıştır. Literatürde iletişim
teknolojilerinin toplumsal hareketlerdeki rolü üzerine hararetli bir
tartışmanın olması bu açıdan şaşırtıcı değildir. Bu çalışma, niteliksel ve
niceliksel içerik analiz yöntemlerini kullanarak, toplumsal hareketleri
iletişim ekseninde ele alan 53 makalenin sistematik literatür incelemesine
ilişkin sonuçları sunmaktadır. Söz konusu çalışmalar beş kategori altında
incelenmiştir. Birinci ve ikinci kategorilerde bu çalışmaların hangi toplumsal
hareketleri ve hangi iletişim araçlarını analiz ettikleri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Üçüncü ve dördüncü kategorilerde bu çalışmaların hangi metodolojiyi ve hangi
veri toplama tekniklerini kullandıkları incelenmiştir. Beşinci kategoride ise
bu çalışmaların toplumsal hareketler ve medya arasında nasıl bir ilişki
kurduklarına bakılmıştır. Birinci ve ikinci kategoriler altında yapılan sorgulama
en fazla Arap Baharı ve Occupy Wall Street protestolarının incelendiğini ve en
fazla Twitter’ın analiz edildiğini göstermiştir. Üçüncü ve dördüncü kategoriler
altında yapılan araştırma en fazla niceliksel ve niteliksel içerik analiz
tekniklerinin kullanıldığını ve en çok sayısal-tabanlı veri toplama
tekniklerinin tercih edildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Beşinci ve son kategori
altında yapılan inceleme ise medya ve toplumsal hareketler arasında olumlu bir
ilişki kurulduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

İletişim teknolojileri, Toplumsal hareketler, Twitter, Facebook, Arap Baharı

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