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Başarısız Devlet Terminolojisi Üzerinden Arap Baharı’nı Okumak: Libya, Mısır ve Suriye

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 1271 - 1285, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.724175

Abstract

Küreselleşen dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı en önemli güvenlik açmazlarından biri başarısız devletlerdir. Başarısız devlet üst başlığı altında farklı risk gruplarındaki devletler ele alınmakta ve bu fenomen halihazırda açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bir devlet için öngörülen temel fonksiyonları çoğu kez ya hiç ya da yeterli derecede yerine getiremedikleri görülen başarısız devletler iç güvenlik açmazı dışında bölgesel güvenlik krizlerine de yol açmaktadır. Ortadoğu coğrafyasının istikrarsız yapısının yanı sıra Arap Baharı dalgasıyla başlayan halk hareketleri bölge ülkelerinde egemenlik ve meşruiyet krizlerine yol açarak bölgenin daha kırılgan bir görünüm almasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada başarısız devlet olgusu, Arap Baharı sonrasında rejim değişikliği yaşanan Libya ve Mısır ile rejimin şiddetli muhalefete rağmen değişmediği Suriye üzerinden irdelenecektir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde başarısız devlet olgusu ele alınacak olup ikinci bölümde Arap Baharı’nın yarattığı kırılganlık analiz edilecektir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Mısır, Libya ve Suriye üzerinden kırılgan devlet olgusunun rejim değişimleri ile ilişkisi sorgulanacaktır.

References

  • Abdessadok, Z. (2017). Libya Today: From Arab Spring to failed state. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/04/happening-libya-today-170418083223563.
  • Anderson, L. (1987). The State in the Middle East and North Africa. Comparative Politics, 1-18.
  • ArcGIS (t.y.). Fragile States Index 2006-2018. Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2019, https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=7e7947483f8342f8a31445cebcce3754.
  • Azarkan, E. (2016). Devletlerin Tanınması ve 1933 Montevideo Sözleşmesi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social, 15(4), 1055-1068.
  • Brown, F. Z. (2018). Dilemmas of Stabilization Assistance: The Case of Syria. Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/26/dilemmas-of-stabilization-assistance-case-of-syria-pub-77574.
  • Carment, D. (2003). Assessing state failure: implications for theory and policy. Third World Quarterly, 24(3), 407–427.
  • Chossudovsky, M. (2013, Temmuz 04). Was Washington Behind Egypt’s Coup d’Etat? Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2019, https://www.globalresearch.ca/was-washington-behind-egypts-coup-detat/5341671. Chtatou, M. (2017, 04 30). Is Libya A De Facto Failed State? Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://www.eurasiareview.com/30042017-is-libya-a-de-facto-failed-state-analysis/.
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  • FFP. (2018). 2018 Fragile States Index. Washington: FFP.
  • FFP. (2019). 2019 Fragile States Index. Washington: FFP.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2004). State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Gelvin, J. L. (2008). The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gros, J.-G. (1996). Towards a taxonomy of failed states in the New World Order: decaying Somalia, Liberia, Rwanda and Haiti . Third World Q , 17, 455– 472.
  • Hehir, A. (2016, 06 01). Assessing the influence of the Responsibility to Protect on the UN Security Council during the Arab Spring. Sage Journals, 51(2), 166-183.
  • Hobsbawnm, E. (1996). Kısa 20. Yüzyıl 1994-1991: Aşırılıklar Çağı. İstanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi.
  • Jawadi, Z. (2015). Egypt as a Conflict/Fragile State. Journal of Georgetown-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association, 6, 1-11.
  • Lucas, S. (2018). Syria: who’s involved, and what do they want? Erişim Tarihi:10.03.2019, http://theconversation.com/syria-whos-involved-and-what-do-they-want-95002.
  • Mezran, K. (2018). Unsustainable Instability in Libya. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/unsustainable-instability-libya
  • Pappe, I. (2011). Ortadoğu'yu Anlamak. G. Atmaca (Çev.). İstanbul: NTV.
  • Springborg, R. (2017). Egypt is in danger of becoming a failed state—and western leaders are mishandling the crisis. Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/world/egypt-is-in-danger-of-becoming-a-failed-state-and-western-leaders-are-mishandling-the-crisis
  • Telli, A. (2012). Mısır Devrimi'nde Sosyal Medyanın Rolü. Bilge Strateji, 61-97.
  • UNDP. (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators. New York: UNDP.
  • UNSCR. (2011-a). Resolution 1970. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1970.
  • UNSCR. (2011-b). Resolution 1973. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1973.
  • Worldometers (t.y.) Countries in the World: 195. Erişim tarihi: 05.03.2019, http://www.worldometers.info/geography/how-many-countries-are-there-in-the-world/

Assesing The Arab Spring On The Failed State Theory: Libya, Egypt, and Syria

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 1271 - 1285, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.724175

Abstract

The failed states are one of the most important security challenges facing the globalized world. States in different risk groups are addressed under the title of failed state, and this phenomenon is already tried to be explained. The failed states, which are often seen as failing to fulfill the basic functions as a state, or fail to perform adequately, also lead to regional security crises apart from the domestic security gap. In addition to the unstable structure of the Middle East, the public movements that started with the wave of the Arab Spring led to crises of sovereignty and legitimacy in the countries of the region and led to a more fragile appearance of the region. In this study, the phenomenon of failed state will be examined Libya and Egypt, through the changes in regime after the Arab Spring, and Syria which the regime has not changed despite the severely opposition. In the first chapter of the study, the phenomenon of unsuccessful state will be discussed, and the fragility of the Arab Spring will be analyzed in the second chapter. In the third chapter, the relationship of the fragile state and regime changes will be investigated over Egypt, Libya and Syria.

References

  • Abdessadok, Z. (2017). Libya Today: From Arab Spring to failed state. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/04/happening-libya-today-170418083223563.
  • Anderson, L. (1987). The State in the Middle East and North Africa. Comparative Politics, 1-18.
  • ArcGIS (t.y.). Fragile States Index 2006-2018. Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2019, https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=7e7947483f8342f8a31445cebcce3754.
  • Azarkan, E. (2016). Devletlerin Tanınması ve 1933 Montevideo Sözleşmesi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social, 15(4), 1055-1068.
  • Brown, F. Z. (2018). Dilemmas of Stabilization Assistance: The Case of Syria. Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/26/dilemmas-of-stabilization-assistance-case-of-syria-pub-77574.
  • Carment, D. (2003). Assessing state failure: implications for theory and policy. Third World Quarterly, 24(3), 407–427.
  • Chossudovsky, M. (2013, Temmuz 04). Was Washington Behind Egypt’s Coup d’Etat? Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2019, https://www.globalresearch.ca/was-washington-behind-egypts-coup-detat/5341671. Chtatou, M. (2017, 04 30). Is Libya A De Facto Failed State? Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://www.eurasiareview.com/30042017-is-libya-a-de-facto-failed-state-analysis/.
  • Cleveland, W. L. (2008). Modern Ortadoğu Tarihi. M. Harmancı (Çev.). İstanbul: Agora.
  • Deutche Welle (DW) (2011). 42 yıllık Kaddafi iktidarı. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, https://www.dw.com/tr/42-y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k-kaddafi-iktidar%C4%B1/a-15476414.
  • FFP (t.y.). What does state fragility mean? (tarih yok). Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2019, http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/frequently-asked-questions/what-does-state-fragility-mean/
  • FFP. (2011). Fragile States Index 2010. Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/data/
  • FFP. (2018). 2018 Fragile States Index. Washington: FFP.
  • FFP. (2019). 2019 Fragile States Index. Washington: FFP.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2004). State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Gelvin, J. L. (2008). The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gros, J.-G. (1996). Towards a taxonomy of failed states in the New World Order: decaying Somalia, Liberia, Rwanda and Haiti . Third World Q , 17, 455– 472.
  • Hehir, A. (2016, 06 01). Assessing the influence of the Responsibility to Protect on the UN Security Council during the Arab Spring. Sage Journals, 51(2), 166-183.
  • Hobsbawnm, E. (1996). Kısa 20. Yüzyıl 1994-1991: Aşırılıklar Çağı. İstanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi.
  • Jawadi, Z. (2015). Egypt as a Conflict/Fragile State. Journal of Georgetown-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association, 6, 1-11.
  • Lucas, S. (2018). Syria: who’s involved, and what do they want? Erişim Tarihi:10.03.2019, http://theconversation.com/syria-whos-involved-and-what-do-they-want-95002.
  • Mezran, K. (2018). Unsustainable Instability in Libya. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/unsustainable-instability-libya
  • Pappe, I. (2011). Ortadoğu'yu Anlamak. G. Atmaca (Çev.). İstanbul: NTV.
  • Springborg, R. (2017). Egypt is in danger of becoming a failed state—and western leaders are mishandling the crisis. Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2019, https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/world/egypt-is-in-danger-of-becoming-a-failed-state-and-western-leaders-are-mishandling-the-crisis
  • Telli, A. (2012). Mısır Devrimi'nde Sosyal Medyanın Rolü. Bilge Strateji, 61-97.
  • UNDP. (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators. New York: UNDP.
  • UNSCR. (2011-a). Resolution 1970. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1970.
  • UNSCR. (2011-b). Resolution 1973. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/1973.
  • Worldometers (t.y.) Countries in the World: 195. Erişim tarihi: 05.03.2019, http://www.worldometers.info/geography/how-many-countries-are-there-in-the-world/
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Political Science and International Relations
Authors

Azime Telli 0000-0002-2484-6196

Publication Date July 1, 2020
Submission Date April 20, 2020
Acceptance Date June 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Telli, A. (2020). Başarısız Devlet Terminolojisi Üzerinden Arap Baharı’nı Okumak: Libya, Mısır ve Suriye. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3), 1271-1285. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.724175