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HOW ARE THE MASSACRES COMMEMORATED IN IRAQI TURKMEN CULTURE AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE?

Year 2021, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 2001 - 2012, 29.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.909066

Abstract

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Iraqi Turkmen lost their influence over the authority of Iraq. For years, the Iraq government formed its policy based on ignoring and eliminating the Iraqi Turkmen because the first of king of Iraq who was King Faysal I, saw the Turks as a threat to his state and policy. Therefore, the Iraqi Turkmens faced many times massacres by the Iraqi state. Each massacre has deeply influenced Iraqi Turkmen, especially, influenced their literature, history and memories of their life. Hence, as a theoretical concept collective memory helps us to understand how Iraqi Turkmen images of the massacres and its influence in their memory. In this study will be analysed the impact of these massacres on Iraqi Turkmen on their history, literature, poem, stories and so on.

References

  • Al- Hirmizi,E (2005) The Turkmen and Iraqi Homeland, Istanbul:Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Al-Hirmizi, E. (2008) The Turkmen Reality in Iraq, Istanbul;Kerkuk Vakfi, 2008.
  • Al-Hirmizi, E. (2018) And This is Our Manifesto. Qardashliq: Review of culture art literature and folklore, 20:80 p.63-65
  • Bar-Tal, D (2014) “Collective Memory as Social Representations” Social Representations, Volume:23, pp.170-196.
  • Dragovic-Sosa, J. (2010) ‘’ Conflict, Memory, Accountability: What Does Coming to Term with the Past Mean’’ in Petritsch, W & Solioz, C. (ed) Conflict and Memory: Bridging Past and Future in (South East) Europe. Baden-Baden: Nomos. pp. 24-46.
  • Ertugrul, U (2006) Irak Turkleri ve Turkiye, Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Farrugia, P., (2012) “Convenient Truths: History, Memory, and Identity in Brantford, Ontario” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, 46:2, pp.122–146.
  • Gungor, F (2014) Turkoman in Iraq and the Future of the Middle East, International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences, 1:2 pp.15-43.
  • Kayili, A. (2008) The Iraqi Turkmen 1921-2005, Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi Yayinlari
  • Klein, K.L., (2000). “On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse” Representations, 69:1, pp.127–150.
  • Köprülü,Z (1006) Irak’ta Türk Varlığı, Ankara: Örnek Limited Şirketi.
  • Marufoğlu, A (1964) Olaylar Konuşuyor, Şimal Yayınevi: Kerkük.
  • Nakip, M (2008) The Historical and Cultural Identity of Kirkuk. Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Olick, J.K., Vinitzky-Seroussi, V. & Levy, D., (2011) The Collective Memory Reader, New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ORSAM, Ortadoğu Türkmenler Programı, Ankara: Rapor No:9, Mart 2011
  • Saatci, S (2017) Tarihten Gunumuze Irak Turkmenleri,: Istanbul: Otuken Nesriyat
  • Saatci, S (1993) Kerkuk’ten Dernen Olay Turkuler, Anadolu Sanat Yayinlari: Istanbul
  • Saatci, S (2019) Editor’den Kardaslik 21 Yasina Girerken, (Internet) Available from http://www.kerkukvakfi.com/tr/content/365 (Accessed April 11th, 2019)
  • Seth, S. & Dube, S and Skaria, A. (eds), Dipesh Chakrabarty and the Global South: Subaltern Studies, Postcolonial Perspectives, and the Anthropocene, Routledge 2019.
  • Simsir, B (2004) Irak-Turkiye iliskilerinde Turkmenler, Bilgi Yayinevi: Ankara
  • Terzibasi, A (1975) Kerkuk Hoyratlari ve Maniler, Ötüken Yayınevi: Istanbul
  • Turker, A (2019) “Kerkuk Katliaminda Yasadiklarim” Qardashliq Review of Culture Art, Literature and Folklore, 81:1, pp.18-24.
  • Wang, Z (2018) Memory Politics, Identity and Conflict: Historical Memory as a Variable, Palgrave Macmillan: London
  • Yayçılı, M. Kemal (1999), 31 Ağustos 1996 ve 10 Ağıstos 1998 olayları Hakkında Açıklama, Türkmenlerinden Notlar, yıl: 1, sayı:3, Ankara.

IRAK TÜRKMEN KÜLTÜRÜNDE VE SİYASI SÖYLEMLERİNDE KATLİAMLAR NASIL ANILMAKTADIR?

Year 2021, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 2001 - 2012, 29.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.909066

Abstract

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun yıkılmasından sonra Irak Türkmenleri Irak'ta ki otoritelerini kaybetti. Irak hükümetleri yıllarca Irak Türkmenlerini göz ardı etti ve bu doğrultuda politikalarını oluşturdu. Irak Kralı I. Faysal Irak Türkmenlerini, Irak devletine ve politikasına karşı tehdit olarak gördü. Bu nedenle Irak Türkmenleri Irak devleti tarafından defalarca katliamlara maruz kaldı. Her katliam Irak Türkmenlerini derinden etkiledi, özellikle de edebiyatlarını, tarihlerini ve hatıralarını. Bu nedenle, teorik bir kavram olarak kolektif bellek, Iraklı Türkmenlerin uğradığı katliamların etkilerini ve hafızalarındaki yeri anlamamıza yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Irak Türkmenlerine yapılan katliamların Irak Türkmenleri üzerindeki tarihi, edebiyatı, şiiri, öyküleri vb. üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Al- Hirmizi,E (2005) The Turkmen and Iraqi Homeland, Istanbul:Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Al-Hirmizi, E. (2008) The Turkmen Reality in Iraq, Istanbul;Kerkuk Vakfi, 2008.
  • Al-Hirmizi, E. (2018) And This is Our Manifesto. Qardashliq: Review of culture art literature and folklore, 20:80 p.63-65
  • Bar-Tal, D (2014) “Collective Memory as Social Representations” Social Representations, Volume:23, pp.170-196.
  • Dragovic-Sosa, J. (2010) ‘’ Conflict, Memory, Accountability: What Does Coming to Term with the Past Mean’’ in Petritsch, W & Solioz, C. (ed) Conflict and Memory: Bridging Past and Future in (South East) Europe. Baden-Baden: Nomos. pp. 24-46.
  • Ertugrul, U (2006) Irak Turkleri ve Turkiye, Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Farrugia, P., (2012) “Convenient Truths: History, Memory, and Identity in Brantford, Ontario” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, 46:2, pp.122–146.
  • Gungor, F (2014) Turkoman in Iraq and the Future of the Middle East, International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences, 1:2 pp.15-43.
  • Kayili, A. (2008) The Iraqi Turkmen 1921-2005, Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi Yayinlari
  • Klein, K.L., (2000). “On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse” Representations, 69:1, pp.127–150.
  • Köprülü,Z (1006) Irak’ta Türk Varlığı, Ankara: Örnek Limited Şirketi.
  • Marufoğlu, A (1964) Olaylar Konuşuyor, Şimal Yayınevi: Kerkük.
  • Nakip, M (2008) The Historical and Cultural Identity of Kirkuk. Istanbul: Kerkuk Vakfi
  • Olick, J.K., Vinitzky-Seroussi, V. & Levy, D., (2011) The Collective Memory Reader, New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ORSAM, Ortadoğu Türkmenler Programı, Ankara: Rapor No:9, Mart 2011
  • Saatci, S (2017) Tarihten Gunumuze Irak Turkmenleri,: Istanbul: Otuken Nesriyat
  • Saatci, S (1993) Kerkuk’ten Dernen Olay Turkuler, Anadolu Sanat Yayinlari: Istanbul
  • Saatci, S (2019) Editor’den Kardaslik 21 Yasina Girerken, (Internet) Available from http://www.kerkukvakfi.com/tr/content/365 (Accessed April 11th, 2019)
  • Seth, S. & Dube, S and Skaria, A. (eds), Dipesh Chakrabarty and the Global South: Subaltern Studies, Postcolonial Perspectives, and the Anthropocene, Routledge 2019.
  • Simsir, B (2004) Irak-Turkiye iliskilerinde Turkmenler, Bilgi Yayinevi: Ankara
  • Terzibasi, A (1975) Kerkuk Hoyratlari ve Maniler, Ötüken Yayınevi: Istanbul
  • Turker, A (2019) “Kerkuk Katliaminda Yasadiklarim” Qardashliq Review of Culture Art, Literature and Folklore, 81:1, pp.18-24.
  • Wang, Z (2018) Memory Politics, Identity and Conflict: Historical Memory as a Variable, Palgrave Macmillan: London
  • Yayçılı, M. Kemal (1999), 31 Ağustos 1996 ve 10 Ağıstos 1998 olayları Hakkında Açıklama, Türkmenlerinden Notlar, yıl: 1, sayı:3, Ankara.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Political Science and International Relations
Authors

Soner Doğan 0000-0002-8696-3136

Publication Date October 29, 2021
Submission Date April 3, 2021
Acceptance Date October 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 20 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Doğan, S. (2021). HOW ARE THE MASSACRES COMMEMORATED IN IRAQI TURKMEN CULTURE AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE?. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(4), 2001-2012. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.909066