Research Article
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Presentatıon of Historical Sites Through Films: Case Study A Cınematıc City Ait Ben Haddou

Year 2022, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 1056 - 1077, 30.04.2022

Senem Tezcan , Ayşegül Altınörs Çırak

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1005217

Abstract

Local units differ and come to the forefront with their unique values in the globalizing world. This situation, together with the increasing economic value of the service sector, brings together applications and strategies that include the presentation and promotion of historical sites. In the recent period, the use of these values in the global circulation of the film industry has been frequently used. The aim of the study is to discuss how the presentation of historical sites through films, which is an industry branch with high promotional value. The increasing value of the screen, which is a part of popular culture, in promotion also changes with this popularity. In the study, the exposition was made over the city of Ait Ben Haddou in Morocco, which is one of the destinations of the Game of Thrones TV series, which has a high number of audiences in the last period. First, it is given theoretically how historical areas are presented in movies, then how the city, is on the UNESCO World Heritage List, has been included in the cinema from past to present. The settlement has hosted many films since the 1950s. Movies are restricted to movies where the placement appears. In the evaluation part, the fictional history conveyed by the films and the originality were discussed.

Keywords

Historical sites Cinema Promotion Game of Thrones Ait Ben Haddou

References

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  • Ashworth, G.J. (2000). Herıtage tourısm and urban envıronments: conflıct or harmony? H. Briassoulis & J. van der Straaten (Ed.), Tourism and the Environment Regional, Economic, Cultural and Policy Issues içinde (ss. 283-304). Londra: Springer.
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  • Benioff, D. & Weiss, D.B. (Yapımcı) (2013). Taht Oyunları. New York: Home Box Office (HBO) & UK: Television 360 & Los Angeles: Grok! Studio & Londra: Generator Entertainment & Bighead Littlehead.
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  • İlgüner, M. & Asplund, C. (2011). Marka Şehir. İstanbul: Markating Yayınları.
  • Jacops, H. (2019). One of the most famous places in the world is a tiny desert town in Morocco where everything from 'Game of Thrones' to 'Gladiator' was filmed. https://www.businessinsider.com/ait-benhaddou-game-of-thrones-gladiator-filming-locations-tour-2019-1, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Jones, R. (2016). Authenticity, the media and heritage tourism: Robin Hood and Brother Cadfael as Midlands tourist magnets. S. Watson & E. Waterton (Ed.), Culture, Heritage and Representation Perspectives on Visuality and the Past. Londra: Routledge.
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  • MacDonald, P. (Yönetmen) (1990). Çöl Kaplanı. Los Angeles: Long Road Productions & New York: Pressman Film & Washington: Quadra Entertainment.
  • Marques, D. (2019). Power and the denial of femininity in Game of Thrones. Canadian Review of American Studies, 49 (1), 46-65.
  • Mathews, J. (2018). Cinematic thanatourism and the purloined past: The “Game of Thrones Effect” and the effect of Game of Thrones on history. K.N. McDaniel (Ed.), Virtual Dark Tourism: Ghost Roads içinde (ss. 89-112). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Tarihi Alanların Filmler Aracılığıyla Sunumu: Sinemasal Bir Kent Ait Ben Haddou Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 1056 - 1077, 30.04.2022

Senem Tezcan , Ayşegül Altınörs Çırak

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1005217

Abstract

Küreselleşen dünyada yerel birimler biricik değerleriyle farklılaşmakta ve öne çıkmaktadır. Bu durum, hizmet sektörünün artan ekonomik değeri ile birlikte tarihi alanların sunum ve tanıtımını da içeren uygulama ve stratejileri beraberinde getirmektedir. Söz konusu değerlerin küresel dolaşımında ise film endüstrisi içerisinde kullanılmasına son dönemde sıklıkla başvurulmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı tarihi alanların tanıtım değeri yüksek bir endüstri kolu olan filmler üzerinden sunumunun nasıl olduğunu tartışmaktadır. Popüler kültürün bir parçası olan ekranın tanıtımdaki artan değeri de bu popülerlikle değişmektedir. Çalışmada aktarım son dönemin yüksek izleyici sayısına sahip Taht Oyunları (Game of Thrones) dizisi destinasyonlarından biri olan Fas’ın Ait Ben Haddou kenti üzerinden yapılmıştır. İlk olarak tarihi alanların filmlerde nasıl sunulduğu teorik olarak verilmiş, ardından UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesinde yer alan kentin geçmişten günümüze sinemada nasıl yer aldığı verilmiştir. Yerleşim 1950’li yıllardan itibaren çok sayıda filme ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Filmler yerleşimin göründüğü filmlerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Değerlendirme kısmında ise filmlerin aktardıkları kurgusal tarih ile özgünlük tartışması yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Tarihi alanlar Sinema Tanıtım Taht Oyunları Ait Ben Haddou

References

  • Akkad, M. (Yönetmen) (1976). Çağrı: İslamiyet'in Doğuşu. Sydney: Filmco International Productions.
  • Aldrich, R. (Yönetmen) (1962). Hazreti Lut'un Gazabı. Roma: Titanus & Paris: Pathé Consortium Cinéma & Fransa: Société Générale de Cinématographie.
  • Ashworth, G.J. (2000). Herıtage tourısm and urban envıronments: conflıct or harmony? H. Briassoulis & J. van der Straaten (Ed.), Tourism and the Environment Regional, Economic, Cultural and Policy Issues içinde (ss. 283-304). Londra: Springer.
  • Ashworth, G.J. & Tunbridge, J.E. (1999). Old cities, new pasts: Heritage planning in selected cities of Central Europe. GeoJournal, 49 (1), 105-116.
  • BBC. (2019). Game of Thrones'un final bölümü izleyici rekoru kırdı: ABD'de 19 milyon kişi izledi. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-48345661#:~:text=Game%20of%20Thrones%2C%20dünyada%20150,4%20milyon%20kişii%20ile%20kırılmıştı, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Becker, J. (Yönetmen) (1954). Ali Baba et les 40 voleurs. Lille: Les Films du Cyclope.
  • Ben Saga, A. (2019). Morocco’s Ait Benhaddou is 2nd most ınstagrammed game of thrones site. https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/01/264203/moroccos-ait-benhaddou-instagrammed-game-of-thrones, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Benioff, D. & Weiss, D.B. (Yapımcı) (2013). Taht Oyunları. New York: Home Box Office (HBO) & UK: Television 360 & Los Angeles: Grok! Studio & Londra: Generator Entertainment & Bighead Littlehead.
  • Bertolucci, B. (Yönetmen) (1990). Çölde Çay. Londra: Recorded Picture Company (RPC) & Peterborough: Aldrich Group & Hampshire: Film Trustees Ltd & Sahara Company & TAO Film.
  • Bowyer, E. (2017). The influence of heritage sites as filming locations on tourists’ decisions to visit sites and their perceptions of them. Case study: Game of Thrones. Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication, 25, 110–122.
  • Boz, M. (2021). ‘Taht Oyunları’ Dizisinde İdeoloji ve Hegemonik Söylemin İnşası. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 53, 52-76.
  • Clapton, W. & Shepherd, L. (2017). Lessons from Westeros: Gender and power in Game of Thrones. Politics, 37 (1), 1-14.
  • Çam, A. (2016). Sinemasal Mekânlar ve Sinemasal Mekânların Çözümlenmesi. Sinecine, 7 (2), 7-37.
  • Ekici, O. (1992). Kent planlamasında “kültürel kimlik” sorunu. Ege Mimarlık Dergisi, (92/2), 39-41.
  • Elvy, C. (2020). Game of Thrones: Every city Daenerys Targaryen conquered (& how). https://screenrant.com/game-thrones-every-city-daenerys-conquered/, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • ESRI. (2019). On the map: Game of Thrones filming locations. https://resource.esriuk.com/blog/2019-4-12-game-of-thrones-filming-locations/, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Farid, S.M. (2015). Tourism management in world heritage sites and its impact on economic development in Mali and Ethiopia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 595-604.
  • Ferraday, D. (2015). Game Of Thrones, rape culture and feminist fandom. Australian Feminist Studies, 30 (83), 21–36.
  • Ghisoiu, M., Bolan, P., Gilmore, A. & Carruthers, C. (2017).“Conservation” and co-creation through film tourism at heritage sites: An initial focus on Northern Ireland. Revista Tur smo & Desenvolvimento, 27/28, 2125 – 2135.
  • Gilliam, T. (Yönetmen) (1981). Zaman Haydutları. Londra: HandMade Films.
  • Glen, J. (Yönetmen) (1987). Günışığında Suikast. Londra: Eon Productions.
  • Hopineo. (2018). The promotion of the cultural and environmental heritage, a major issue for a better tourism. Adres: https://hopineo.org/en/promotion-local-heritage-major-issue/, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Huston, J. (Yönetmen) (1975). Kral Olacak Adam. Los Angeles: Columbia Pictures & Devon/Persky-Bright & New York: Allied Artists Pictures.
  • IMDB. (b.t.). Taht Oyunları. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0944947/?ref_=ttep_ep_tt, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Iñárritu, A.G. (Yönetmen) (2006). Babil. California: Paramount Pictures & Los Angeles: Paramount Vantage & Los Angeles: Anonymous Content & Cape Town: Zeta Film & Paris: Central Films & Issy-les-Moulineaux: StudioCanal & California: Media Rights Capital.
  • Ismagilova, G., Safiullin, L., & Gafurov, I. (2015). Using historical heritag as a factor in tourism development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 157-162.
  • İlgüner, M. & Asplund, C. (2011). Marka Şehir. İstanbul: Markating Yayınları.
  • Jacops, H. (2019). One of the most famous places in the world is a tiny desert town in Morocco where everything from 'Game of Thrones' to 'Gladiator' was filmed. https://www.businessinsider.com/ait-benhaddou-game-of-thrones-gladiator-filming-locations-tour-2019-1, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Jones, R. (2016). Authenticity, the media and heritage tourism: Robin Hood and Brother Cadfael as Midlands tourist magnets. S. Watson & E. Waterton (Ed.), Culture, Heritage and Representation Perspectives on Visuality and the Past. Londra: Routledge.
  • Kisusi, R.L. (2014). Promoting public awareness on the existing cultural heritage tourism sites: A case of Dar Es Salaam city. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Arts In Tourısm Plannıng And Management of the Open Unıversıty Of Tanzanıa.
  • Layerace. (2016). Mapa del Mundo Gris Vector Gratuito. https://www.freepik.es/vector-gratis/mapa-mundo-gris_893780.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Lean, D. (Yönetmen) (1962). Arabistanlı Lawrence. Durham: Horizon Pictures.
  • Li, S., Tian, W.S., Lundberg, C., Gkritzali, A. & Sundström, M. (2020). Two tales of one city: Fantasy proneness, authenticity, and loyalty of on-screen tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 00 (0), 1-19.
  • Lovell, J. (2019). Fairytale authenticity: Historic city tourism, Harry Potter, medievalism and the magical gaze. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 14 (5-6), 1-18.
  • MacDonald, P. (Yönetmen) (1990). Çöl Kaplanı. Los Angeles: Long Road Productions & New York: Pressman Film & Washington: Quadra Entertainment.
  • Marques, D. (2019). Power and the denial of femininity in Game of Thrones. Canadian Review of American Studies, 49 (1), 46-65.
  • Mathews, J. (2018). Cinematic thanatourism and the purloined past: The “Game of Thrones Effect” and the effect of Game of Thrones on history. K.N. McDaniel (Ed.), Virtual Dark Tourism: Ghost Roads içinde (ss. 89-112). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mellinas, J.P. (2019). Measuring the impact of Game of Thrones on tourism through online reviews. e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 17 (4), 479-489.
  • Milius, J. (Yönetmen) (1975). Rüzgârın Sesi. Los Angeles: Columbia Pictures & Los Angeles: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) & California: Herb Jaffe.
  • Ministère de la Culture, Royaume du Maroc. (2007). Plan de gestion 2007-2012 Ksar Ait Ben Haddou. https://archive.org/details/Ait_Ben_Haddou.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Newell, M. (Yönetmen) (2010). Pers Prensi: Zamanın Kumları. California: Walt Disney Pictures & California: Jerry Bruckheimer Films.
  • Oktay, D. (2011). Kent kimliğine bütüncül bir bakış. İdeal Kent Dergisi, 3, 8-19.
  • Özdamar, N. (2020). Geleneksel mimari: Ait-Ben-Haddou, Fas. https://www.gzt.com/arkitekt/geleneksel-mimari-ait-ben-haddou-fas-3563412, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2021).
  • Parramon, P., Medina, F.X. & Bages-Querol, J. (2018). Gastronomy, tourism and big TV productions. Reflections on the case of Game of Thrones in Northern Ireland and Girona. F.X. Medina & J. Tresserras (Ed.), Food, Gastronomy and Tourism Social and Cultural Perspectives içinde (ss. 101-125). Guadalajara: Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades.
  • Pasolini, P.P. (Yönetmen) (1967). Kral Oidipus. Roma: Arco Film & Somafis.
  • Rai, S. (2017). Women with(out) dragons: A critical analysis of the representation of women in Game of Thrones. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bangalore: St Joseph’s College.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies, Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Tourism, Hospitality and Sports
Authors

Senem Tezcan 0000-0003-0532-8825

Ayşegül Altınörs Çırak 0000-0002-1930-2397

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date October 5, 2021
Acceptance Date March 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tezcan, S., & Altınörs Çırak, A. (2022). Tarihi Alanların Filmler Aracılığıyla Sunumu: Sinemasal Bir Kent Ait Ben Haddou Örneği. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 1056-1077. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1005217