Cross-Cultural Analysis of Physical Activity and Nutritional Habits in American and Turkish Children

Year 2022, , 68 - 82, 30.06.2022

Meral Küçük Yetgin , Shahla Ray , Elizabeth Anne Mooradian , Fatma Çelik Kayapınar , Georgia Frey

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1050577

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity and nutritional habits in Turkish vs. American elementary school children. A total of 220 American and Turkish children who aged 9-11 years were included in the study. Student Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) was used to collect data. The normality of continuous variables was investigated by Shapiro-Wilk’s test and graphical assessments. Independent samples t-test was used for comparison of two normally distributed groups of continuous variables, while Pearson chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for analysis of categorical variables p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. American children were determined to consume more red meat, snacks, cheese, milk, and candy (p<0.001), while Turkish children were determined to consume more cream chocolate, yogurt, juice, and water (p<0.005). American vs. Turkish children were more likely to participate in vigorous-intensity physical activity and sports teams(p<0.01), whereas attendance to weekly physical education classes was more common in Turkish vs. American children (p=0.005).The main reasons for physical inactivity and unhealthy nutritional habitswere reported to be insufficient time (48.2%), lack of friends (41.8%), and unhealthy nutritional habits in the family(27.3%) by the American children, and to be unsafe playgrounds (55.5%), lack of sports facilities (41.8%), and insufficient (45.5%) and expensive healthy food (37.3%) by the Turkish children. Meat, fat, and sugar consumption and physical activity rates were higher among American vs. Turkish children. Insufficient time and lack of friends in American children, and unsafe playgrounds and lack of sports facilities in Turkish children seem to affect participating in physical activity. Children from both countries found healthy food untasteful, while the impact of family on unhealthy nutritional habits has also been emphasized by American children and limited access to healthy and inexpensive food by Turkish children.

Keywords

Child, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Health.

Amerikalı ve Türk Çocukların Fiziksel Aktivite ve Beslenme Davranışlarının Kültürler Arası Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Amerikalı ve Türk ilkokul çocuklarında fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme davranışlarını karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya, 9-11 yaş aralığında 220 Amerikalı ve Türk çocuk katılmıştır. Çalışmada “Student Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ)” adlı ölçek kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde nicel verilerin normal dağılıma uygunlukları Shapiro-Wilk testi ve grafiksel incelemeler ile sınanmıştır. Normal dağılım gösteren nicel değişkenlerin iki grup arası karşılaştırmalarında Independent samples t test, nitel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ise Pearson kay-kare test ve Fisher’sexact test kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Amerikalı çocuklar daha fazla kırmızı et, atıştırmalık, peynir, süt, şekerleme tüketirken (p<,001), Türk çocuklar daha fazla krem çikolata, yoğurt, meyve suyu, su tüketmektedir (p<,01). Amerikalı çocuklarda yüksek tempolu fiziksel aktiviteye katılma ve spor takımlarında yer alma oranı yüksek iken (p<,01), Türk çocukların haftalık beden eğitimi dersine katılma sayıları (p:0.005) daha fazladır. Amerikalı çocuklar, zaman ve arkadaş eksikliğinin (%48.2; %41.8), ailelerinin kötü beslenmesinin (%27.3), Türk çocuklar güvenli oyun alanları ve spor tesisi eksikliğinin (%55.5; %41.8) ve sağlıklı yiyeceklerin az (%45.5) ve pahalı (%37.3) olmasının aktivite ve beslenmelerini kötü etkilediğini belirtmişlerdir. Amerikalı çocukların et, yağ ve şeker tüketimi miktarı ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılım oranı Türk çocuklarından daha fazladır. Amerikalı çocuklarda zaman yetersizliği ve arkadaş eksikliği, Türk çocuklarında ise güvenli oyun alanı ve spor tesisi yetersizliği fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı etkilemektedir. Her iki ülkede de çocuklar sağlıklı yiyecekleri lezzetsiz bulurken, Amerikalı çocuklar sağlıksız beslenmelerinde ailelerinin etkisine, Türk çocukları ise sağlıklı ve ucuz yiyeceklere ulaşamadıklarına dikkat çekmektedirler.

Keywords

Çocuk, Fiziksel Aktivite, Beslenme, Sağlık

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