Relationship between Sport Science Students’ Career Decisions and Academic Motivation

Year 2023, , 535 - 549, 31.10.2023

Sultan Uygun , Özden Tepeköylü Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1263132

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship and predictive effect between the career decision of sports science students and their academic motivation. It also assessed whether career decision and academic motivation varied based on gender and department variables, jointly discussing them in the communication processes used in the instructor-student relationship. The study included 252 students, whose 85 were female and 167 were male, studying in faculty of sports sciences. It also used the 'Career Decision Scale', the 'Academic Motivation Scale', and the "Personal Information Form" to collect the study data. Statistical analysis processes consisted of correlation, multiple linear regression, 2x2 MANOVA, and 2x3 MANOVA analyses. The study findings revealed low and moderate relationships between career decisions, academic motivation, and the sub-dimensions of both main scales. In addition, academic motivation was a significant predictor of career decisions, corresponding to a 19% rate. Considering the gender variable, male students were more undecided in making career decisions than female students. Comparisons between departments also indicated that students in the sports management department displayed more indecisiveness about choosing their careers than in other departments. The ability of the students to have extracurricular communication with instructors influenced their career decisions positively, whereas it negatively influenced students' department-switching propensity. However, there were significant differences among the students' academic motivations based on gender, department, communication processes with the instructor, and department-switching propensity. In conclusion, academic motivation is important for students to choose a successful career. Nonetheless, the student-instructor communication mechanisms are equally effective in career decisions.

Keywords

Career decision, Academic motivation, Sports sciences, University student

Spor Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Kararları ile Akademik Güdülenmeleri Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin kariyer kararı ile akademik güdülenmeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ve yordayıcı etkiyi incelemektir. Ayrıca kariyer kararı ve akademik güdülenmenin cinsiyet ve bölüm faktörlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı da belirlenmiş, her iki değişkende öğretim elemanı-öğrenci ilişkisindeki iletişim süreçleriyle birlikte de ele alınmıştır. Çalışma spor bilimlerin fakültesinde öğrenim gören 85’i kadın 167’si erkek olmak üzere toplam 252 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadaki veriler “Kariyer Kararı Ölçeği”, “Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” yoluyla toplanmıştır. İstatistiki analizlerde korelasyon, çoklu doğrusal regresyon, 2x2 MANOVA, 2x3 MANOVA analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre kariyer kararı ve alt boyutları ile akademik güdülenme ve alt boyutları arasında düşük ve orta düzeyde ilişkilerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca akademik güdülenmenin kariyer kararını %19 oranında açıklayan anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyetlere göre erkek öğrenciler kadın öğrencilerden kariyerlerinde daha kararsızdır. Bölümler arası karşılaştırmalarda spor yöneticiliği öğrencileri kariyer ile ilgili olarak diğer bölümlere göre daha fazla kararsızlık yaşamaktadır. Öğretim elemanları ile ders dışında iletişim kurabilmek kariyer kararında olumlu, öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü bölümü değiştirme eğilimi olumsuz etkiye neden olmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin akademik güdülenmeleri ise cinsiyet, bölüm, öğretim elemanıyla iletişim süreçleri ve bölümünü değiştirme isteğine göre anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak; akademik güdülenme öğrencilerin kariyerlerindeki kararlılık durumunda etkili bir faktördür. Ancak öğrenci-öğretim elemanı arasındaki iletişim süreçleri de kariyer kararında etkili olmaktadır.

Keywords

Kariyer kararı, Akademik güdülenme, Spor bilimleri, Üniversite öğrencisi

References

• Akbay, S., and Gizir, C. (2011). Academic procrastination behavior in university students by gender: The role of academic motivation, academic self-efficacy and academic attribution styles. Journal of Mersin University Faculty of Education, 6(1), 60-78.
• Akkoç, F. (2012). The relationship between the vocational indecision and career beliefs of high school students. Dokuz Eylül University Buca Faculty of Education Journal, (32), 49-70.
• Aktaş, H. (2017). The relationship between academic motivation and academic self-efficacy: An empirical research on the students of the faculty of theology. Journal of Human and Social Sciences Research, 6(3), 1376-1398.
• Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., and Yıldırım, E. (2007). Research methods in social sciences with SPSS application (5th Edition). Sakarya Publishing.
• Amrai, K., Motlagh, S. E., Zalani, H. A., and Parhon, H. (2011). The relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 399-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.111
• Aydın, S., and Çekim, Z. (2017). Examining the relationship between middle school students' academic achievement and achievement perceptions with their motivation to learn science. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 14(39), 458-470.
• Bacanlı, F., Eşici, H., and Özünlü, M. B. (2013). Investigation of career decision-making difficulties according to various variables. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40), 198-211.
• Bong, M. (2004). Academic motivation in self-efficacy, task value, achievement goal orientations and attributional beliefs. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(6), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.97.6.287-298
• Bong, M., and Clark, R. E. (1999). Comparison between self-concept and self-efficacy in academic motivation research. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3403_1
• Bozanoğlu, İ. (2004). Academic motivation scale: Development, reliability, validity. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 37(2), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000094
• Bozyiğit, E., and Gökbaraz, N. (2020). Career stress determinants of the students in faculty of sports sciences. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 8(15), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.679874
• Çakır, M. A. (2004). Development of vocational decision inventory. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 37(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000098
• Çalı, O., and Doğar, Y. (2021). Examınatıon of career concerns of sports high school students. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 15(1), 81-93.
• Cengiz, R., Serdar, E., and Donuk, B. (2016). Analyzing the level of mindfulness and entrepreneurship of the university students. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 2(4), 1320-1328. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279006
• Cerino, E. S. (2014). Relationships between academic motivation, self-efficacy, and academic procrastination. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 19(4), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.4.156
• Choi, H., and Kim, D.Y. (2013). A Cross cultural study of antecedents on career preparation behavior: Learning motivation, academic achievement, and career decision self-efficacy. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education, 13, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016 / j.jhlste.2013.04.001
• Demir, M. K., and Arı, E. (2013). Investigation of pre-service teachers' academic motivation levels in terms of various variables. Theory and Practice in Education, 9(3), 265-279.
• Demirci, M. (2017). The Examination which university students’ section choice and choice results with statistical analysis. BEU Journal of Academic Projection, 2(1), 23-40.
• Dilekmen, M., and Ada, Ş. (2005). Motivation in learning. Journal of Atatürk University Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, (11), 113-123.
• Dostanic, J., Suvajdzic, K., and Krpovic-Bojanic, Z. (2021). Decision‐making styles, career decision self‐efficacy, and career adaptability among high school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 69, 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12249
• Edwards, K., and Quinter, M. (2011). Factors ınfluencing students career choices among secondary school students in Kisumu municipality, Kenya. Journal Of Emerging Trends İn Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 2(2), 81-87.
• Ertem, H. (2006). Investigation of secondary school students' motivation types (intrinsic and extrinsic) and levels towards chemistry courses in terms of some variables. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Balıkesir University, Institute of Science, Department of Chemistry Education, Balıkesir.
• Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., and Guay, F. (1995). Academic motivation and school performance: Toward a structural model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20(3), 257-274. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1995.1017
• Gati, I., and Saka, N. (2011). High school students career-related decision-making difficulties. Journal Of Counseling Development, 79(3), 331-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01978.x
• Gati, I., Krausz, M., and Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510-526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510 Guay, F., Ratelle, C. F., Roy, A., and Litalien, D. (2010). Academic self-concept, autonomous academic motivation, and academic achievement: Mediating and additive effects. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(6), 644-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.08.001
• Gupta, P. K., and Mili, R. (2016). Impact of academic motivation on academic achievement: A study on high schools students. European Journal of Education Studies, 2(10), 43-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.321414
• Gürol, M. A. (2007). The Dilemma of the urban woman in business life in Turkey: Career-family. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research, (3), 144-150.
• Jagadambal, C., and Perumal, D. K. (2015). Student-teacher relationship. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 4(5), 48-52.
• Joseph, C. H., Anikelechi, I. G., & Marumo, P. (2019). Academic motivation of school going adolescents: Gender and age difference. Gender and Behaviour, 17(1),12306-12315.
• Kaya, N. (2017). An adaptation study of Jackson vocational interest inventory on university students. Doctoral Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Ankara.
• Kelly, K. R., and Colangelo, N. (1990). Effects of academic ability and gender on career development. Journal For the Education of The Gifted, 13(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235329001300205
• Kepir-Savoly, D. D., and Korkut-Owen, F. (2015). Irrational career beliefs among university applicants. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 820-836.
• Khan, A., Khan, S., Zia-Ul-Islam, S., and Khan, M. (2017). Communication skills of a teacher and its role in the development of the students’ academic success. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(1), 18-21.
• Kılıç, E. (2019). A research on the effect of family on career choice. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Maltepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Istanbul.
• Kırdök, O., and Harman, E. (2018). High school students' career decision-making difficulties according to locus of control. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 242-248. https://doi.org/10,13189 / ujer.2018.060205
• Koyuncuoğlu, Ö. (2021). An investigation of academic motivation and career decidedness among university students. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(1), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1694
• Kusnierz, C., Rogowska, A. M., and Pavlova, I. (2020). Examining gender differences, personality traits, academic performance, and motivation in Ukrainian and Polish students of physical education: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5729. https://doi.org/10.3390 / ijerph17165729
• Kuzgun, Y. (2000). Vocational counseling: Theories and practices. Nobel.
• Lam, M., and Santos, A. (2018). The impact of a college career intervention program on career decision self-efficacy, career indecision, and decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(3), 425-444. https://doi.org/10.1177 / 1069072717714539
• Liao, C. N., and Ji, C. H. (2015). The origin of major choice, academic commitment, and career decision readiness among Taiwanese college students. The Career Development Quarterly, 63(2), 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12011
• Malkoç, A., and Kesen-Mutlu, A. (2018). Academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination: exploring the mediating role of academic motivation in Turkish University students. Universal Journal of Educational, 6(10), 2087-2093. https://doi.org/10.13189 / ujer.2018.061005
• Mansor, M., and Rashid, A. M. (2013). Career indecision: A cross-sectional survey among students of national youth skills training institutes. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(8), 1073-1079. https://doi.org/10.5829 / idosi.mejsr.2013.17.08.12297
• Meens, E. E. M., Bakx, A.W. E. A., Klimstra, T. A., and Denissen, J. J. A. (2018). The association of identity and motivation with students' academic achievement in higher education. Learning and Individual Differences, 64, 54-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.04.006
• Nalbantoğlu-Yılmaz, F., and Çetin-Gündüz, H. (2018). Investigation of high school students' career anxiety according to various variables. Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 18(3), 1585-1602. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2018.18.39790-471164
• Öztemel, K. (2012). Relationships between career indecision career decision making self-efficacy and locus of control. Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education Journal, 32(2), 459-477.
• Öztemel, K. (2012). Testing the validity of the emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties questionnaire in Turkish Culture. Journal of Career Development, 40(5), 390-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845312468060
• Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J. D., and Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 226-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/027243169401400207
• Sampson, J. P., Jr., Peterson, G. W., Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., and Saunders, D. E. (1999). The use and development of the career thoughts inventory. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 447 362.
• Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 207-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653133
• Seçer, İ. (2015). Examining the relationship between school burnout and academic motivation with structural equation modeling. Journal of Education and Instructional Research, 4(1), 424-433.
• Terzi, A. R., Uyangör, N., and Dülker A. P. (2017). Academic motivation and academic procrastination: A research on formation teacher candidates. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 4(7), 52-62.
• Thompson, M. N., Her, P., Fetter, A. K., and Perez‐Chavez, J. (2019). College student psychological distress: relationship to self‐esteem and career decision self‐efficacy beliefs. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(4), 282-297. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12199
• Turkish Language Society, (2019, 6 January). From which language did the word career enter our language? https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/kariyer-kelimesi-bizim-dilimize-hangi-dilden-gecmistir-41074654
• Ulaş, Ö. (2016). Career decision-making self-efficacy: A model test. Doctoral Thesis. Hacettepe University, Institute of Education Sciences. Ankara.
• Ulaş-Kılıç, Ö. (2018). The variables that effect university senior students’s career decision-making self-efficacy levels. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 248-275. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.462704
• Ünal, M. (2013). Prediction of high school students' academic motivation levels in terms of some variables. Master's Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, İzmir.
• Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., and Marsicano, G. (2014). Academic motivation predicts educational attainment: does gender make a difference. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 124 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.01.003
• Vela, J. C., Sparrow, G. S., Whittenberg, J. F., and Rodriguez, B. (2018). The role of character strengths and importance of family on Mexican American college students' career decision self‐efficacy. Journal of Employment Counseling, 55, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12070
• Vurucu, F. (2010). Vocational high school students' competence in career choice and factors affecting career choice. Master's Thesis, Yeditepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
• Yaşar, O. M., and Sunay, H. (2019). Development of career awareness scale (CAS) for sport sciences students. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 7-22.
• Yayla, A., and Bacanlı, F. (2011). An examination of the relationships between career development and decision making styles of 8th grade students. Elementary Education Online, 10(3), 1148-1159.
• Yiğitcan-Nayir, Ö., and Tekmen, B. (2017). Examining the contribution of learning environments to academic motivation and problem solving skills from the perspective of prospective teachers. Başkent University Journal of Education, 4(2), 122-135.
• Yılmaz, O. (2011). Development of vocational interest inventory. Master's Thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
• Yusupu, R. (2015). The relationship between career decisions and perfectionism, learning motivation and academic achievement in university students. Master's Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Educational Sciences, İzmir.
• Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, C. L., Zhang, X. G., Liu, X. M., Zhang, H., Wang, J., and Liu, S. (2015). Relationship between self efficacy beliefs and achievement motivation in student nurses. Chinese Nursing Research, 2(2-3), 67 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2015.06.001
• Zhou, D., and Santos, A. (2007). Career decision-making difficulties of British and Chinese international university students. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 35(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880701256684