Comparison of Coach Training Systems Implemented in The United States and Turkey

Abstract

Spreading sports to the society and making sports success sustainable is possible with the training of trainers who are experts in the field of sports as in every field. Coaches are the leading staff. Coaches should follow the developments in their field and shape their training according to changing conditions in order to fulfill their professional responsibilities in the best way. At this point, the quality and topicality of the training received by the coaches before the service is a determining factor. The United States is one of the leading countries that have provided professional and amateur participation in sports and made success sustainable. The aim of this study; coach education systems and applications describe the conditions in the US and Turkey, organized by analyzing their sport through coach education systems and organizational structure of the education system in Turkey with the US coaches is to identify similarities and differences. This is a comparative sport management research. In this research, descriptive approach and vertical and horizontal approach methods were used. Documentary scanning technique was used for data collection. As a result of the study, United States and the coach education systems applied in Turkey differed by very parameters such as, conditions of application, sports organizations and organizational structures. This situation may be the result of the reflections of the existing management systems of the countries on sports.

Keywords

• Coaching Education,Sports Management,Comparative system,USA,Turkey

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Türkiye’de Uygulanan Antrenör Eğitim Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Sporun topluma yaygınlaştırılması ve sporda başarının sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi her alanda olduğu gibi spor alanında da uzman eğitici kadroların yetiştirilmesiyle mümkündür. Bu kadroların başında ise antrenörler gelmektedir. Antrenörler ise, mesleki sorumluluklarını en iyi şekilde yerine getirebilmek için alanındaki gelişmeleri sürekli takip etmeli ve değişen koşullara göre eğitimlerini şekillendirmelidir. Bu noktada antrenörlerin hizmet öncesi aldıkları eğitimin kalitesi belirleyici bir etken olmaktadır. Profesyonel ve amatör olarak sporda katılımı sağlamış ve başarıyı sürdürülebilir hale getirmiş ülkelerin başında ise Amerika gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ABD ile Türkiye’deki antrenör eğitim sistemleri ve uygulama koşullarını açıklamak, antrenör eğitim sistemlerini spor teşkilatlanmaları ve organizasyon yapıları üzerinden tahlil ederek, ABD ile Türkiye’de uygulanan antrenör eğitim sistemlerinin benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma, bir karşılaştırmalı spor yönetimi araştırmasıdır. Araştırmada, tanımlayıcı yaklaşımla birlikte dikey ve yatay yaklaşım yöntemleri kullanılmış, verilerin toplanmasında ise belgesel tarama tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada sonucunda, Amerika ve Türkiye’de uygulanan antrenör eğitim sistemlerinin uygulama koşulları, spor teşkilatlanmaları ve organizasyon yapıları gibi birçok parametreye göre farklılaştığı, bu durumun ülkelerin mevcut yönetim sistemlerinin spora olan yansımalarından kaynaklanabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antrenör Eğitimi,Spor yönetimi,Karşılaştırmalı sistem,Amerika,Türkiye

References

1. ACSM. (2019a). ACSM Foundation. 21.08.2019, http://www.acsm.org/acsm-membership/support-acsm-foundation.
2. ACSM. (2019b). ACSM About us. 21.08.2019, http://www.acsm.org/acsm-membership/about-us.
3. ACSM Foundation. (2019c). ACSM certifications. 22.08.2019, http://certification.acsm.org/get-certified.
4. Amateur Athletic Union. (2019). About the amateur athletic union. 12.10.2019, https://aausports.org/page.php?page_id=99844.
5. Antrenör Eğitim Yönetmeliği. (2002). T.C. Resmi Gazete. 09.08.2019, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/08/20020816.htm#2.
6. Aynal, S. (2012). Karşılaştırmalı eğitim kimliği. S. Aynal (Ed.), Karşılaştırmalı eğitim yansımaları içinde (217-231). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
7. Cornell Law School (2019). National governing bodies. 23.09.2019, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/220521.
8. Daly, J.A. & Parkin, D.A. (1991). Roles and Responsibilities of the Coach. Pike. S. Frank (Ed). In The Role of the Coach, Better Coaching Advanced Coach’s Manuel (3-14). Australia: Australian Sports Commission, Australian Coaching Council Incorporated.

9. Dernekler Kanunu (2004). T.C. Resmi Gazete. 06.09.2019, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2004/11/20041123.htm.
10. Erkuş, A. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma sarmalı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
11. Foundation Group. (2019). What is 501(c)(3). 11.07.2019, https://www.501c3.org/what-is-a-501c3/.
12. Gül, H., Kamalak, İ., ve Gül, S.S. (2017). Amerikan başkanlık ve fransız yarı-başkanlık sistemleri ışığında Türkiye’nin yeni cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümeti sistemi. Strategic Public Management Journal, 3(Special),101-120. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.343035.
13. Health & Human Services. (2019). About HHS. 06.07.2019, https://www.hhs.gov/about/index.html.
14. Internal Revenue Service (2019). Exemption requirements 501(c)(3) organizations. 11/.07.2019, https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/charitable-organizations/exemption-requirements-section-501c3-organizations.
15. Institute for Credentialing Excellence. (2019). NCCA accreditation. 10.10.2019, https://www.credentialingexcellence.org/ncca. Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Sanem Matbaacılık.
16. Konter, E. (1996). Bir lider olarak antrenör. İstanbul: Alfa yayınları.
17. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2006). Quality coaches, quality sports: National standards for sport coaches (2nd ed.). Reston, VA: AAHPERD Publications.
18. National Coaching Report. (2008). National Association for Sport and Physical Education. AAHPERD Publications.
19. National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2019). About the NCAA. 24.05.2019, http://www.ncaa.org/about. Ruseski, J.E., & Razavilar, N. (2013). Comparative sport development. New York, NY: Springer. 311-321.
20. Sparvero, E., Chalip, L., & Green B.C. (2012). United States. B. Houlihan and M. Green (Ed). In Comparative elite sport development (243-272). Great Britain: Elsevier Publications.
21. Sunay, H. (2017). Spor Yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
22. Sunay, H. (1998). Spor Eğitim Alt Yapısında Beden Eğitimi Öğretmeni ve Antrenörün Önemi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 43-50.
23. Spor Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Tarihçe. 19.06.2019, http://sgm.gsb.gov.tr/Sayfalar/112/105/Tarihce.
24. Team USA (2019a). United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. 16.07.2019, https://www.teamusa.org/about-the-usopc.
25. Team USA. (2019b). Coaching education. 16.07.2019, https://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOPC/Programs/Coaching-Education.
26. The United States Sports Academy. (2019a). The academy: a brief history. 27.06.2019, https://ussa.edu/about/history/. The United States Sports Academy. (2019b). Certificate programs for professionals. 27.06.2019, https://ussa.edu/academics/continuing-education/certificates/.
27. The University of Southern Mississippi. (2019a). Sport coaching education bs semester guide. 25.06.2019, http://catalog.usm.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=21&poid=9985.
28. The University of Southern Mississippi. (2019b). Sport coaching education bs. 25.06.2019, http://catalog.usm.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=21&poid=11219&returnto=1219.
29. The National Council on Strength and Fitness. (2019). USREPS. 21.07.2019, https://www.ncsf.org/about/usreps Team USA. (2019c). USA volleyball coaching accreditation program. 16.07.2019, https://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/education/coaching-education-programs.
30. Team USA. (2019d). Coaching education and certification program. 16.07.2019, https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Team-Handball/Resources/Coaches/USATH-Coaching-Education-and-Certification-Program.
31. Türkiye Futbol Antrenörleri Derneği. (2019). Samsun tff-c kursu başladı. 19.06.2019, https://tufad.org.tr/samsun-tff-c-kursu-basladi/1490.
32. Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu. (2019). Antrenör lisans kurs ve sertifika ücretleri. 04.11.2019, https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=1121. The United States Sports Academy (2019c). Certification programs. 27.06.2019, https://ussa.edu/academics/continuing-education/certifications/.
33. The United States Sports Academy. (2019d). Center for professional studies and continuing education catalog. 27.06.2019, http://assets.ussa.edu/files/documents/catalogs/2019-20+CON+ED+FINAL.pdf.
34. The United States Code. (2001). United States Government Printing Office Washington. Volume Eighteen.
35. Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluş ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun. (1992). T.C. Resmi Gazete. 12.06.2019, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc075/kanuntbmmc075/kanuntbmmc07503813.pdf.
36. Türkoğlu, A. (1998). Karşılaştırmalı eğitim, dünya ülkelerinden örneklerle. Adana: Baki Kitabevi.
37. Usabaseball. (2019). USA baseball launches baseball coaches certification. 02.08.2019, https://www.usabaseball.com/news/usa-baseball-launches-baseball-coaches-certification/c-307717322?tid=216639934.
38. United States Center for Coaching Excellence. (2019). The history of the uscce. 25.09.2019, https://www.uscoachexcellence.org/history-of-the-uscce.
39. United States Professional Tennis Association. (2019). How to get uspta certified as a tennis coach. 02.08.2019, https://www.usta.com/en/home/coach/coaching-accreditation/national/how-to-get-certified-uspta.html.
40. United States of America Track & Field. (2019). Coaching education. 02.08.2019, https://www.usatf.org/programs/coaches/coaching-education.
41. University of Wisconsin Whitewater. (2019a). Health, physical education, recreation and coaching. 11.09.2019, http://www.uww.edu/coeps/departments/hperc/undergraduate-programs#Coaching#coaching- employment-portfolio.
42. University of Wisconsin Whitewater. (2019b). Undergraduate programs. 11.09.2019, http://www.uww.edu/coeps/departments/hperc/undergraduate-programs#Coaching#naspe-coaching-standards.
43. University of Wisconsin Whitewater. (2019c). Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Coaching. 11.09.2019, http://www.uww.edu/coeps/departments/hperc#Careers.
44. West Virginia University. (2019a). Coaching and performance science. 27.06.2019, https://cpass.wvu.edu/academics/bachelors/coaching-and-performance-science.
45. West Virginia University. (2019b). Athletic coaching education. 27.06.2019, http://catalog.wvu.edu/undergraduate/collegeofphysicalactivityandsportsciences/ace/#major.