Differences in the Effect of Learning Methods Massed Practice Throwing and Distributed Practice on Learning Outcomes Skills for the Accuracy of Top Softball
Abstract
Problems in accuracy
top throws are often carried out by students in softball games so the need for
alternative methods to improve them are the method massed practice and
distributed practice. This study aims to find out: (1) effect of learning
methods massed practice and distributed practice on the accuracy in conducting
top throws on male students of extracurricular softball class X at Bhina
Karya Karanganyar Vocational School 2014/2015 Academic Year, and (2) the
influence between the method of practicing massed practice and distributed
practice on the accuracy in carrying out throws on male students. This research
is an experimental research using pre-test-post-test design with technique
pairing ordinal. The sample groups of this study were 30 male students of
extracurricular softball class X. Data analysis used different tests: (1)
before being given treat; (2) after being treat; and (3) differences in
percentage increase between groups. The results of the study are (1) the effect
of learning massed practice and distributed practice on the ability of the
accuracy of throws on balls of softball, with the results of count =
4.740 > t table =
2.145; and (2) the learning method massed practice has a better effect than the
exercise of distributed practice on the ability to accurately throw balls of
softball, with an increase massed practice = 29,054%> distributed practice = 14,085%. The conclusions of the study
are (1) there are differences in the influence of learning massed practice and
distributed practice on the ability of the accuracy of the throws on balls
softball; and (2) learning method massed practice has a better effect than
exercises including distributed practice on the ability to accurately throw
balls of softball.
References
- Ab Razak, R., Mea, K. K., Hussain, R. N. J. R., Kassim, N. A. M., & Othman, N. (2018). The effect of hand grip strength and trunk rotation strength on throwing ball velocity. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 7(1),89-98.
- Davis, J. T., Limpisvasti, O., Fluhme, D., Mohr, K. J., Yocum, L. A., ElAttrache, N. S., & Jobe, F. W. (2009). The effect of pitching biomechanics on the upper extremity in youth and adolescent baseball pitchers. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(8), 1484-1491.
- Flyger, N., Button, C., & Rishiraj, N. (2006). The science of softball. Sports medicine, 36(9), 797-816.
- Garman, J. F., & Gromacki, M. M. (2018). Softball skills & drills. Canada: Human Kinetics.
- Hadi, S. (1995). Statistik (Jilid 1, 2, dan 3). Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
- Lareau, A. (2011). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. Univ of California Press.
- Lemyre, F., Trudel, P., & Durand-Bush, N. (2007). How youth-sport coaches learn to coach. The sport psychologist, 21(2), 191-209.
- Malcom, N. L. (2003). Constructing female athleticism: A study of girl's recreational softball. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(10), 1387-1404.
- Miranti, A., Soegiyanto, S., & Rahayu, S. (2019). Imagery training method and hand-eye coordination on the exercise of ball batting practice of softball-baseball of UNNES. Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 8(1), 6-10.
- Mudjihartono, M., Wahyudianto, W., & Gumilar, A. (2019). Application of learning softball using modified glove and ball for developing basic movement skills throwing and catching for high school students. In 3rd International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2018). Atlantis Press.
- Mustofa, F., & Agustiyanto, A. (2017). Perbedaan pengaruh metode pembelajaran massed practice dandistributed practice terhadap hasil ketrampilan ketepatan lemparan atas bola softball ekstrakurikuler softball kelas x smk bhina karya karanganyar tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Ilmiah SPIRIT, 17(1), 13-25.
- Oliver, G. D., Washington, J. K., Friesen, K. B., Anz, A. W., Dugas, J. R., & Andrews, J. R. (2018). The effects of a pre-throwing program on collegiate NCAA Division I softball pitchers’ biomechanical measures of hip and shoulder range of motion. J Orthop Ther: JORT-181, 2018(2),1-9. DOI:10.29011/2575-8241.000081.
- Saraya, A. E., Sugiyanto, S., & Doewes, M. (2018). Anthropometric Factors and Physical Condition Dominant Determinants Batting Skills in Softball. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(4), 213-222.
- Seabrook, R., Brown, G. D., & Solity, J. E. (2005). Distributed and massed practice: From laboratory to classroom. Applied cognitive psychology, 19(1), 107-122.
- Sugiyanto, S. (1996). Metodologi Penelitian. Surakarta: UNS Pers.
- Wellard, I. (2013). Sport, fun and enjoyment: An embodied approach. London: Routledge.
Differences in the Effect of Learning Methods Massed Practice Throwing and Distributed Practice on Learning Outcomes Skills for the Accuracy of Top Softball
Abstract
Problems in accuracy
top throws are often carried out by students in softball games so the need for
alternative methods to improve them are the method massed practice and
distributed practice. This study aims to find out: (1) effect of learning
methods massed practice and distributed practice on the accuracy in conducting
top throws on male students of extracurricular softball class X at Bhina
Karya Karanganyar Vocational School 2014/2015 Academic Year, and (2) the
influence between the method of practicing massed practice and distributed
practice on the accuracy in carrying out throws on male students. This research
is an experimental research using pre-test-post-test design with technique
pairing ordinal. The sample groups of this study were 30 male students of
extracurricular softball class X. Data analysis used different tests: (1)
before being given treat; (2) after being treat; and (3) differences in
percentage increase between groups. The results of the study are (1) the effect
of learning massed practice and distributed practice on the ability of the
accuracy of throws on balls of softball, with the results of count =
4.740 > t table =
2.145; and (2) the learning method massed practice has a better effect than the
exercise of distributed practice on the ability to accurately throw balls of
softball, with an increase massed practice = 29,054%> distributed practice = 14,085%. The conclusions of the study
are (1) there are differences in the influence of learning massed practice and
distributed practice on the ability of the accuracy of the throws on balls
softball; and (2) learning method massed practice has a better effect than
exercises including distributed practice on the ability to accurately throw
balls of softball.
References
- Ab Razak, R., Mea, K. K., Hussain, R. N. J. R., Kassim, N. A. M., & Othman, N. (2018). The effect of hand grip strength and trunk rotation strength on throwing ball velocity. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 7(1),89-98.
- Davis, J. T., Limpisvasti, O., Fluhme, D., Mohr, K. J., Yocum, L. A., ElAttrache, N. S., & Jobe, F. W. (2009). The effect of pitching biomechanics on the upper extremity in youth and adolescent baseball pitchers. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(8), 1484-1491.
- Flyger, N., Button, C., & Rishiraj, N. (2006). The science of softball. Sports medicine, 36(9), 797-816.
- Garman, J. F., & Gromacki, M. M. (2018). Softball skills & drills. Canada: Human Kinetics.
- Hadi, S. (1995). Statistik (Jilid 1, 2, dan 3). Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
- Lareau, A. (2011). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. Univ of California Press.
- Lemyre, F., Trudel, P., & Durand-Bush, N. (2007). How youth-sport coaches learn to coach. The sport psychologist, 21(2), 191-209.
- Malcom, N. L. (2003). Constructing female athleticism: A study of girl's recreational softball. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(10), 1387-1404.
- Miranti, A., Soegiyanto, S., & Rahayu, S. (2019). Imagery training method and hand-eye coordination on the exercise of ball batting practice of softball-baseball of UNNES. Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 8(1), 6-10.
- Mudjihartono, M., Wahyudianto, W., & Gumilar, A. (2019). Application of learning softball using modified glove and ball for developing basic movement skills throwing and catching for high school students. In 3rd International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2018). Atlantis Press.
- Mustofa, F., & Agustiyanto, A. (2017). Perbedaan pengaruh metode pembelajaran massed practice dandistributed practice terhadap hasil ketrampilan ketepatan lemparan atas bola softball ekstrakurikuler softball kelas x smk bhina karya karanganyar tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Ilmiah SPIRIT, 17(1), 13-25.
- Oliver, G. D., Washington, J. K., Friesen, K. B., Anz, A. W., Dugas, J. R., & Andrews, J. R. (2018). The effects of a pre-throwing program on collegiate NCAA Division I softball pitchers’ biomechanical measures of hip and shoulder range of motion. J Orthop Ther: JORT-181, 2018(2),1-9. DOI:10.29011/2575-8241.000081.
- Saraya, A. E., Sugiyanto, S., & Doewes, M. (2018). Anthropometric Factors and Physical Condition Dominant Determinants Batting Skills in Softball. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(4), 213-222.
- Seabrook, R., Brown, G. D., & Solity, J. E. (2005). Distributed and massed practice: From laboratory to classroom. Applied cognitive psychology, 19(1), 107-122.
- Sugiyanto, S. (1996). Metodologi Penelitian. Surakarta: UNS Pers.
- Wellard, I. (2013). Sport, fun and enjoyment: An embodied approach. London: Routledge.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sports Medicine |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | November 29, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 |
