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Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 196 - 209, 30.06.2023

Zait Burak Aktuğ , Serkan İbiş , Necdet Eray Pişkin , Gönül Yavuz , Zeynep Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of using different masks on respiratory parameters such as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and running distance. Twenty men aged 18-22 who exercised regularly four days a week participated in the study. The participants VO2max values with the astrand test, respiratory parameters with the spirometer, SpO2 with the oximeter, and running distances with the 20m shuttle run test were determined three times on different days, without mask, with the surgical mask and with the N95 mask. In repeated measurements, Friedman Test was used to determine the difference between the measurements. After the exercises, it was determined that the VO2max values, respiratory parameters, and SpO2 measurements without mask were statistically significantly higher than the measurements with N95 masks. It was also determined that the running distance decreased after the use of surgical masks and N95 masks while N95 masks caused a higher decrease. Masks should not be used in exercises performed outdoors and in places with little contact, gymnasium, etc. In closed areas, it may be recommended to use surgical masks. Considering the changes in all the parameters measured, it is not appropriate to exercise with N95 masks.

Keywords

COVID-19 Exercise Mask

References

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Covid-19 Pandemisinde Egzersizde Cerrahi ve N95 Yüz Maskesi Kullanımının Fizyolojik Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 196 - 209, 30.06.2023

Zait Burak Aktuğ , Serkan İbiş , Necdet Eray Pişkin , Gönül Yavuz , Zeynep Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, egzersizde farklı maske kullanımlarının solunum parametreleri, maksimal oksijen tüketimi (maksVO2), oksijen satürasyonu (SpO2) ve koşu mesafesi üzerine etkisinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya 18-22 yaşları arasında haftada 4 gün düzenli egzersiz yapan 20 erkek katılmıştır. Katılımcıların maskesiz, cerrahi maskeli ve N95 maskeli olmak üzere farklı günlerde üç kez astrand testi ile maksVO2 değerleri, spirometre ile solunum parametreleri, oksimetre ile SpO2, 20m mekik koşusu testi ile koşu mesafeleri belirlenmiştir. Tekrarlı ölçümlerde, ölçümler arasındaki farkı belirlemede Friedman Testi kullanılmıştır. Egzersizler sonrası maskesiz maksVO2 değerleri, solunum parametreleri ve SpO2 ölçümlerinin N95 maskeli ölçümlere göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca koşu mesafesinin maskesiz ölçüme göre sırası ile cerrahi maskeli ve N95 maskeli ölçümlerde azalarak devam ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak günümüz şartları göz önüne alındığında açık havada ve temasın az olduğu yerlerde yapılan egzersizlerde maske kullanılmaması, spor salonu vb. kapalı alanlarda ise cerrahi maske kullanılması tavsiye edilebilir. Ayrıca ölçüm yapılan bütün parametrelerdeki değişimler göz önüne alındığında N95 maskesi ile egzersiz yapılmasının uygun olmadığı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19 Egzersiz Maske

References

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  • Amann, M., Blain, G. M., Proctor, L. T., Sebranek, J. J., Pegelow, D. F., & Dempsey, J. A. (2011). Implications of group III and IV muscle afferents for high‐intensity endurance exercise performance in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 589(21), 5299-5309. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.213769.
  • Amekran, Y., & El Hangouche, A. J. (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the need to maintain regular physical activity. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(1),159-160. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11524-x.
  • Andre, T. L., Gann, J. J., Hwang, P. S., Ziperman, E., Magnussen, M. J., & Willoughby, D. S. (2018). Restrictive breathing mask reduces repetitions to failure during a session of lower-body resistance exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2103-2108. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002648.
  • Barbieri, J. F., Gáspari, A. F., Teodoro, C. L., Motta, L., Castaño, L. A. A., Bertuzzi, R., ... & de Moraes, A. C. (2020). The effect of an airflow restriction mask (ARM) on metabolic, ventilatory, and electromyographic responses to continuous cycling exercise. PloS One, 15(8), e0237010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237010.
  • Bartoszko, J. J., Farooqi, M. A. M., Alhazzani, W., & Loeb, M. (2020). Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID‐19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 14(4), 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12745.
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  • Blain, G. M., Mangum, T. S., Sidhu, S. K., Weavil, J. C., Hureau, T. J., Jessop, J. E., ... & Amann, M. (2016). Group III/IV muscle afferents limit the intramuscular metabolic perturbation during whole body exercise in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 594(18), 5303-5315. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp272 283.
  • Çelik, F., & Yenal, T.H. (2020). Covid-19 ve hareketsiz yaşam. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 249-259. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.804705.
  • Chan, J. F.W., Zhang, A. J., Yuan, S., Poon, V. K. M., Chan, C. C. S., Lee, A. C. Y., ... & Yuen, K. Y. (2020). Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(9), 2428-2446. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa325.
  • Chen, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, J., & Gong, H. (2016). Physiological and subjective responses to breathing resistance of N95 filtering facepiece respirators in still-sitting and walking. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 53, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.11.002.
  • Cheyne, W. S., Harper, M. I., Gelinas, J. C., Sasso, J. P., & Eves, N. D. (2020). Mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions during exercise in health and disease. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(5),1271–1279. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00339.2019
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  • Doğan, A. A., & Cengizhan, P. A. (2021). Social insulation during COVID-19: The importance of physical activity. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 56(1),51-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47447/tjsm.0462.
  • Dressler, T., Stoff, J., Di Pietro, T., Cavadini, G. B., Büsser, G., Büsser, X., ... & Fox, S. (2020). Masks for sports: Development project of protective respiratory masks for ice hockey teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. ETH Zurich. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000432255.
  • Eikenberry, S. E., Mancuso, M., Iboi, E., Phan, T., Eikenberry, K., Kuang, Y., ... & Gumel, A. B. (2020). To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious Disease Modelling, (5), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001.
  • Epstein, D., Korytny, A., Isenberg, Y., Marcusohn, E., Zukermann, R., Bishop, B., ... & Miller, A. (2021). Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13832.
  • Esposito, S., Principi, N., Leung, C. C., & Migliori, G. B. (2020). Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies. European Respiratory Journal, 55(6), 2001260. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01260-2020.
  • Fikenzer, S., Uhe, T., Lavall, D., Rudolph, U., Falz, R., Busse, M., ... & Laufs, U. (2020). Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 109(12), 1522-1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01704-y.
  • Fox, E.L., Bowers, R. W., & Foss, M. L. (1999). Beden eğitimi ve sporun fizyolojik temelleri. Bağırgan Yayın Evi.
  • Günay, M., Tamer, K., & Cicioğlu, İ. (2013). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Harms, C. A., Wetter, T. J., McClaran, S. R., Pegelow, D. F., Nickele, G. A., Nelson, W. B., ... & Dempsey, J. A. (1998). Effects of respiratory muscle work on cardiac output and its distribution during maximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(2), 609-618. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.609.
  • Koo, J. R., Cook, A. R., Park, M., Sun, Y., Sun, H., Lim, J. T., ... & Dickens, B. L. (2020). Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: A modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(6), 678-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30162-6.
  • Kyung, S. Y., Kim, Y., Hwang, H., Park, J. W., & Jeong, S. H. (2020). Risks of N95 face mask use in subjects with COPD. Respiratory Care, 65(5), 658-664. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06713.
  • Lee, H. P., & Wang, D. Y. (2011). Objective assessment of increase in breathing resistance of N95 respirators on human subjects. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 55(8), 917-921. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mer065.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine, Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Zait Burak Aktuğ 0000-0002-5102-4331

Serkan İbiş 0000-0002-5154-3086

Necdet Eray Pişkin 0000-0001-7255-078X

Gönül Yavuz 0000-0003-0732-3200

Zeynep Kutlu 0000-0003-0439-2462

Early Pub Date May 27, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Acceptance Date April 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aktuğ, Z. B., İbiş, S., Pişkin, N. E., Yavuz, G., et al. (2023). Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 8(2), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926
AMA Aktuğ ZB, İbiş S, Pişkin NE, Yavuz G, Kutlu Z. Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic. JSSR. June 2023;8(2):196-209. doi:10.25307/jssr.1231926
Chicago Aktuğ, Zait Burak, Serkan İbiş, Necdet Eray Pişkin, Gönül Yavuz, and Zeynep Kutlu. “Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 8, no. 2 (June 2023): 196-209. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926.
EndNote Aktuğ ZB, İbiş S, Pişkin NE, Yavuz G, Kutlu Z (June 1, 2023) Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 8 2 196–209.
IEEE Z. B. Aktuğ, S. İbiş, N. E. Pişkin, G. Yavuz, and Z. Kutlu, “Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic”, JSSR, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 196–209, 2023, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1231926.
ISNAD Aktuğ, Zait Burak et al. “Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 8/2 (June 2023), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926.
JAMA Aktuğ ZB, İbiş S, Pişkin NE, Yavuz G, Kutlu Z. Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic. JSSR. 2023;8:196–209.
MLA Aktuğ, Zait Burak et al. “Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 196-09, doi:10.25307/jssr.1231926.
Vancouver Aktuğ ZB, İbiş S, Pişkin NE, Yavuz G, Kutlu Z. Physiological Effects of Using Surgical and N95 Facial Mask in Exercise in the Covid-19 Pandemic. JSSR. 2023;8(2):196-209.
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