Akıllı ve Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminin Hazırlık ve Olgunluk Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi için Geometrik Ortalamaya Dayalı Yeni Bir Model Önerisi

Abstract

Son yıllarda küreselleşme ve küresel rekabetteki artış, artan teknolojik büyüme hızı, müşteri taleplerindeki çeşitlilik ve tedarik zinciri süreçlerinin giderek karmaşıklaşması firmaların tedarik zinciri stratejilerine akıllı ve sürdürülebilir paradigmalar eklemelerine neden olmuştur. Tedarik zinciri oyuncuları arasındaki gerçek zamanlı bilgi paylaşımı ve zincirin her bir basamağının etkin koordinasyonu, tedarik zincirinin verimli şekilde yönetimi için önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu da geleneksel tedarik zincirinden dijital tedarik zincirine dönüşüm ile mümkündür. Endüstri 4.0 olarak adlandırılan ve 2011 yılında Almanya’da doğan Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi bilgi teknolojileri, nesnelerin interneti, yapay zeka, bulut bilişim teknolojisi, otonom araçlar, robotik sistemler, sensor ve otomasyon ağları, sanal ve arttırılmış gerçeklik gibi teknolojilerin üretim süreçlerine yoğun biçimde entegrasyonunu hedef alan yenilikçi bir paradigmadır. Ne var ki, Endüstri 4.0’a uyum ve uyum sonrası olgunluk dönemi birçok firma için beklenmedik problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Akıllı fabrikaların kurulmasında ve dijital dönüşümün uygulanmasında en büyük sorunlardan biri, Endüstri 4.0 yetkinliklerinin tüm operasyonlara eş zamanlı olarak etkin şekilde uygulanamamasıdır. Bu bağlamda, firmaların Endüstri 4.0’a hazırlık ve uyum sonrası olgunluk düzeylerinin niceliksel ölçümü ve değerlendirilmesi, üst yönetim için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı firmaların Endüstri 4.0’a hazırlık ve olgunluk düzeylerinin daha iyi anlaşılıp ölçülebilmesi için, dijital tedarik zincirlerinin akıllı ve sürdürülebilir boyutta olgunluk düzeylerinin eş zamanlı ölçülebilmesine olanak sağlayan bir model önermektir. Modelin uygulandığı nümerik örnekte, her bir Endüstri 4.0 aracının sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarına ne derece uyum sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Örneğin, eklemeli imalat ve arttırılmış gerçeklik sürdürülebilirliğin ekonomik boyutunda yüksek olgunluk skoru alırken, çevresel ve sosyal boyutlara göre daha düşük skor almıştır. Benzer şekilde, yapay ve dikey sistem entegrasyonu her üç boyut için yüksek olgunluk seviyesinde iken, yapay zeka çok düşük olgunluk seviyesinde kalmıştır. 

Keywords

• Endüstri 4.0
• Akıllı ve Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zincirleri
• Hazırlık ve Olgunluk Düzeyi
• Model Önerisi

A New Evaluation Model for the Readiness and Maturity Level of Intelligent and Sustainable Supply Chain Management Based on Geometric Mean

Abstract

Recently, companies have added smart and sustainable paradigms to their supply chain strategies as a result of globalization and increased global competition, increasing technological growth rate, diversity in customer demands, and increasing complexity in supply chain processes. Real-time information sharing among supply chain players and the effective coordination of each step of the chain are critical for efficient supply chain management. This is made possible by the transition from the traditional supply chain to the digital supply chain. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, was coined for the first time in Germany in 2011. It is an innovative paradigm with the goal of intensely integrating technologies, such as information technologies, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing technology, autonomous vehicles, robotic systems, sensor and automation networks, and virtual and augmented reality into production processes. However, for many companies, the adaptation of Industry 4.0 and the subsequent maturity period may present unexpected challenges. One of the most difficult challenges in establishing smart factories and implementing digital transformation is that Industry 4.0 competencies cannot be effectively applied to all operations simultaneously. In this context, quantitative measurement and evaluation of firms’ maturity levels following Industry 4.0 preparation and adaptation is critical for senior management. The goal of this study is to propose a model for measuring the maturity level of digital supply chains while considering smart and sustainable dimensions. We determined the extent to which each Industry 4.0 tool was compatible with the sustainability dimensions in the numerical example where the model was applied. For example, although additive manufacturing and augmented reality receive high scores in the economic dimension of sustainability, they receive lower scores in the environmental and social dimensions. Similarly, although horizontal and vertical systems integration has high levels of maturity in all three sustainability dimensions, artificial intelligence has an exceptionally low level of maturity.

Keywords

• Industry 4.0
• Smart and Sustainable Supply Chains
• Level of Readiness and Maturity
• Model Proposal

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