Research Article
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Sustainable Last-Mile Deliveries: A Strategic Location Approach for Parcel

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 408 - 429, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908

Abstract

Last-mile delivery represents the final and often most expensive step of the supply chain, directly impacting both operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. As urban areas grow and traffic congestion worsens, the need for sustainable and efficient delivery methods becomes increasingly urgent—especially with the rapid growth of e-commerce. This surge in demand adds complexity to delivery processes, prompting the search for innovative solutions. In this context, parcel lockers offer a smart alternative by reducing costs, shortening delivery times, and lowering environmental impact.

This study proposes an analytical methodology to strategically position parcel lockers in the Ortahisar district of Trabzon. First, the DEMATEL method is employed to determine the relative importance of the criteria affecting the decision-making process. Then, the TOPSIS method is used to evaluate and rank alternative locations for parcel lockers. Finally, the P-Median model is applied to design an optimal locker placement plan. This integrated approach improves the cost, time, and energy efficiency of last-mile delivery operations within urban logistics. By integrating sustainability and customer satisfaction objectives, the proposed methodology provides an effective solution that reduces urban traffic congestion and carbon emissions, contributing to both environmental and operational benefits.

References

  • Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2013). A grey-based DEMATEL model for evaluating Business process management critical success factors. International Journal of ProDuction Economics, 146(i), 281-292. google scholar
  • BaLLou, R. H., & Srivastava, S. K. (2007). Business logistics/supply chain management: planning, organizing, and controlling the supply chain. Pearson Education, India. google scholar
  • Borghetti, F., Caballini, C., Carboni, A., Grossato, G., Maja, R., & Barabino, B. (2022). The use of drones for last-mile delivery: A numerical case study in Milan, Italy. Sustainability, 14(3), 1766. google scholar
  • Caggiani, L., Colovic, A., Prencipe, L. P., & Ottomanelli, M. (2021). A green logistics solution for last-mile deliveries considering e-vans and e-cargo bikes. Transportation Research Procedia, 52, 75-82. google scholar
  • Chen, C., Demir, E., Huang, Y., & Qiu, R. (2021). The adoption of self-driving delivery robots in last mile logistics. Transportation research part E: logistics and transportation review, 146, 102214. google scholar
  • Deutsch, Y., & Golany, B. (2018). A parcel locker network as a solution to the logistics last mile problem. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 251-261. google scholar
  • Dey, S., Kumar, A., Ray, A., &Pradhan, B. B. (2012). Supplier Selection: Integrated Theory using DEMATEL and Quality Function Deployment Methodology. Procedia Engineering, 38, 3560-3565. google scholar
  • Erdal, H., & Korucuk, S. (2019). İlaç Lojistigi Kapsamında Lojistik Kriterlerin Dematel Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi: Erzurum İli Örnegi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(l), 155-166. google scholar
  • Fontela, E., & Gabus, A. (1974). DEMATEL: Progress achieved. Futures, 6, pp. 329-333. google scholar
  • Gevaers, R., Van de Voorde, E., & Vanelslander, T. (2014). Cost modelling and simulation of last-mile characteristics in an innovative B2C supply chain environment with implications on urban areas and cities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 398-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1483 google scholar
  • Güzel, D., & Kavalcı, K. (2023). Lojistik son adim teslimat hizmetinde tüketicilerin akilli dolaplari benimseme niyeti üzerine bir araştirma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 24(l), 379-398. google scholar
  • Ha, N. T. T. (2023). Factors affectıng the effıcıency of logıstıcs on regeneral energy ındustry e-trade ın vıetnam. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 1643-1653. google scholar
  • Kahr, M. (2022). Determining locations and layouts for parcel lockers to support supply chain viability at the last mile. Omega, 113, 102721. google scholar
  • Karabulut, O. A., Seyret, M. K., & Avcı, M. G. (2023). Kargo otomatı yer seçimi problemi için bir matematiksel model. Endüstri Mühendisliği , 34 (1), 26-41. google scholar
  • Korkmaz, M. (2012). Analysis of economic efficiency at forest Enterprises with TOPSIS method. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 13(i), 14-20. google scholar
  • Lin, Y. H., Wang, Y., He, D., & Lee, L. H. (2020). Last-mile delivery: Optimal locker location under multinomial logit choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, 102059. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., & Pilla, F. (2023). A hybrid decision making support method for parcel lockers location selection. Research in Transportation Economics, 100, 101320. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., & Pilla, F. (2024). Planning location of parcel lockers using group Analytic Hierarchy Process in Spherical Fuzzy environ-ment. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 24, 101024. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., Gündoğdu, F. K., Saylam, S., & Pilla, F. (2024). A hybrid decomposed fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for optimizing parcel lockers location in the last-mile delivery landscape. Applied Soft Computing, 154, 111321. google scholar
  • Naumov, V., & Pawlus, M. (2021). Identifying the optimal packing and routing to improve last-mile delivery using cargo bicycles. Ener-gies, 14(14), 4132. google scholar
  • Novotnâ, M., Svadlenka, L., Jovcic, S., & Simic, V. (2022). Micro-hub location selection for sustainable last-mile delivery. Plos one, 17(7), e0270926. google scholar
  • Özbekler, T. M., & Karaman Akgül, A. (2020). Last mile logistics in the framework of smart cities: A typology of city logistics schemes. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 44, 335-337. google scholar
  • Rossolov, A. (2023). A last-mile delivery channel choice by E-shoppers: assessing the potential demand for automated parcel lockers. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(8), 983-1005. google scholar
  • Russo, F., & Comi, A. (2016). Urban freight transport planning towards green goals: Synthetic environmental evidence from tested results. Sustainability, 8(4), 381. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040381 google scholar
  • Savelsbergh, M., & Van Woensel, T. (2016). 50th anniversary invited article—City logistics: Challenges and opportunities. Transportation Science, 50(2), 579-590. https://doi.org/l0.1287/trsc.2016.0675 google scholar
  • Simic, V., Lazarevic, D., & Dobrodolac, M. (2021). Picture fuzzy WASPAS method for selecting last-mile delivery mode: a case study of Belgrade. European Transport Research Review, 13, 1-22. google scholar
  • Taniguchi, E., Thompson, R. G., & Yamada, T. (2016). New opportunities and challenges for city logistics. Transportation research procedia, 12, 5-13. google scholar
  • Turğut, M., & Şeker, B. (2022). İnsansız hava araçlarının (İHA) taşımacılıkta kullanımına yönelik keşfedici bir araştırma: drone taşımacılığı ve uygulamaları. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems & Applications, 5(2). google scholar
  • Wang, Y., Bi, M., Lai, J., & Chen, Y. (2020). Locating movable parcel lockers under stochastic demands. Symmetry, 12(12), 2033. google scholar
  • Yetiş, H., Güngör, Z., & Karaköse, M. (2021). Araç-İHA İş birliği ile Kargo Teslimatları İçin Ortak Rota Optimizasyonu. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(2), 135-144. google scholar
  • Yoon, K. P., & Kim, W. K. (2017). The behavioral TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications, 89, 266-27. google scholar

Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 408 - 429, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908

Abstract

Son kilometre teslimat, tedarik zincirinin son halkasını oluşturarak, ürünlerin nihai tüketicilere zamanında ve doğru bir şekilde ulaştırılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu aşama, operasyonel maliyetlerin büyük bir kısmını kapsarken, müşteri memnuniyetini doğrudan etkileyen en kritik süreçlerden biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Artan şehirleşme, trafik yoğunluğu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ihtiyacı, son kilometre lojistiğin önemini her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Özellikle e-ticaretin hızla yaygınlaşmasıyla karmaşık bir yapıya bürünen teslimat süreçleri, daha verimli ve çevre dostu çözümlerin geliştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kargo otomatları, teslimat maliyetlerini düşürme, süreleri kısaltma ve çevresel etkileri azaltma gibi avantajlarıyla yenilikçi bir çözüm olarak dikkat çekmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ili Ortahisar ilçesi için kargo otomatlarının stratejik konumlandırılmasını hedefleyen analitik bir metodoloji önerilmiştir. İlk olarak, DEMATEL yöntemi kullanılarak karar sürecini etkileyen kriterlerin önem derecesi belirlenmiştir. Ardından TOPSIS yöntemiyle kargo otomatlarının konumlandırılabileceği alternatif lokasyonlar değerlendirilmiş ve sıralanmıştır. Son aşamada, P-Medyan modeli ile optimal otomat yerleşim planı oluşturulmuştur. Bu yaklaşımla, kentsel lojistikte son kilometre teslimat operasyonlarının maliyet, zaman ve enerji verimliliği açısından iyileştirilmesi edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Önerilen bu bütünleşik yöntem, kentsel lojistik süreçlerinde sürdürülebilirlik ve müşteri memnuniyeti hedeflerini birleştirerek, şehir içi trafik yoğunluğunu ve karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak suretiyle çevresel ve operasyonel faydalar sağlayan etkili bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

References

  • Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2013). A grey-based DEMATEL model for evaluating Business process management critical success factors. International Journal of ProDuction Economics, 146(i), 281-292. google scholar
  • BaLLou, R. H., & Srivastava, S. K. (2007). Business logistics/supply chain management: planning, organizing, and controlling the supply chain. Pearson Education, India. google scholar
  • Borghetti, F., Caballini, C., Carboni, A., Grossato, G., Maja, R., & Barabino, B. (2022). The use of drones for last-mile delivery: A numerical case study in Milan, Italy. Sustainability, 14(3), 1766. google scholar
  • Caggiani, L., Colovic, A., Prencipe, L. P., & Ottomanelli, M. (2021). A green logistics solution for last-mile deliveries considering e-vans and e-cargo bikes. Transportation Research Procedia, 52, 75-82. google scholar
  • Chen, C., Demir, E., Huang, Y., & Qiu, R. (2021). The adoption of self-driving delivery robots in last mile logistics. Transportation research part E: logistics and transportation review, 146, 102214. google scholar
  • Deutsch, Y., & Golany, B. (2018). A parcel locker network as a solution to the logistics last mile problem. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 251-261. google scholar
  • Dey, S., Kumar, A., Ray, A., &Pradhan, B. B. (2012). Supplier Selection: Integrated Theory using DEMATEL and Quality Function Deployment Methodology. Procedia Engineering, 38, 3560-3565. google scholar
  • Erdal, H., & Korucuk, S. (2019). İlaç Lojistigi Kapsamında Lojistik Kriterlerin Dematel Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi: Erzurum İli Örnegi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(l), 155-166. google scholar
  • Fontela, E., & Gabus, A. (1974). DEMATEL: Progress achieved. Futures, 6, pp. 329-333. google scholar
  • Gevaers, R., Van de Voorde, E., & Vanelslander, T. (2014). Cost modelling and simulation of last-mile characteristics in an innovative B2C supply chain environment with implications on urban areas and cities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 398-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1483 google scholar
  • Güzel, D., & Kavalcı, K. (2023). Lojistik son adim teslimat hizmetinde tüketicilerin akilli dolaplari benimseme niyeti üzerine bir araştirma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 24(l), 379-398. google scholar
  • Ha, N. T. T. (2023). Factors affectıng the effıcıency of logıstıcs on regeneral energy ındustry e-trade ın vıetnam. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 1643-1653. google scholar
  • Kahr, M. (2022). Determining locations and layouts for parcel lockers to support supply chain viability at the last mile. Omega, 113, 102721. google scholar
  • Karabulut, O. A., Seyret, M. K., & Avcı, M. G. (2023). Kargo otomatı yer seçimi problemi için bir matematiksel model. Endüstri Mühendisliği , 34 (1), 26-41. google scholar
  • Korkmaz, M. (2012). Analysis of economic efficiency at forest Enterprises with TOPSIS method. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 13(i), 14-20. google scholar
  • Lin, Y. H., Wang, Y., He, D., & Lee, L. H. (2020). Last-mile delivery: Optimal locker location under multinomial logit choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, 102059. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., & Pilla, F. (2023). A hybrid decision making support method for parcel lockers location selection. Research in Transportation Economics, 100, 101320. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., & Pilla, F. (2024). Planning location of parcel lockers using group Analytic Hierarchy Process in Spherical Fuzzy environ-ment. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 24, 101024. google scholar
  • Moslem, S., Gündoğdu, F. K., Saylam, S., & Pilla, F. (2024). A hybrid decomposed fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for optimizing parcel lockers location in the last-mile delivery landscape. Applied Soft Computing, 154, 111321. google scholar
  • Naumov, V., & Pawlus, M. (2021). Identifying the optimal packing and routing to improve last-mile delivery using cargo bicycles. Ener-gies, 14(14), 4132. google scholar
  • Novotnâ, M., Svadlenka, L., Jovcic, S., & Simic, V. (2022). Micro-hub location selection for sustainable last-mile delivery. Plos one, 17(7), e0270926. google scholar
  • Özbekler, T. M., & Karaman Akgül, A. (2020). Last mile logistics in the framework of smart cities: A typology of city logistics schemes. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 44, 335-337. google scholar
  • Rossolov, A. (2023). A last-mile delivery channel choice by E-shoppers: assessing the potential demand for automated parcel lockers. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(8), 983-1005. google scholar
  • Russo, F., & Comi, A. (2016). Urban freight transport planning towards green goals: Synthetic environmental evidence from tested results. Sustainability, 8(4), 381. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040381 google scholar
  • Savelsbergh, M., & Van Woensel, T. (2016). 50th anniversary invited article—City logistics: Challenges and opportunities. Transportation Science, 50(2), 579-590. https://doi.org/l0.1287/trsc.2016.0675 google scholar
  • Simic, V., Lazarevic, D., & Dobrodolac, M. (2021). Picture fuzzy WASPAS method for selecting last-mile delivery mode: a case study of Belgrade. European Transport Research Review, 13, 1-22. google scholar
  • Taniguchi, E., Thompson, R. G., & Yamada, T. (2016). New opportunities and challenges for city logistics. Transportation research procedia, 12, 5-13. google scholar
  • Turğut, M., & Şeker, B. (2022). İnsansız hava araçlarının (İHA) taşımacılıkta kullanımına yönelik keşfedici bir araştırma: drone taşımacılığı ve uygulamaları. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems & Applications, 5(2). google scholar
  • Wang, Y., Bi, M., Lai, J., & Chen, Y. (2020). Locating movable parcel lockers under stochastic demands. Symmetry, 12(12), 2033. google scholar
  • Yetiş, H., Güngör, Z., & Karaköse, M. (2021). Araç-İHA İş birliği ile Kargo Teslimatları İçin Ortak Rota Optimizasyonu. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(2), 135-144. google scholar
  • Yoon, K. P., & Kim, W. K. (2017). The behavioral TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications, 89, 266-27. google scholar
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Betül Yeni 0000-0002-6544-7976

Eda Uçar 0009-0005-3317-7413

Bahar Baştan 0009-0009-7846-794X

Submission Date December 31, 2024
Acceptance Date March 25, 2025
Publication Date November 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yeni, F. B., Uçar, E., & Baştan, B. (2025). Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, 10(2), 408-429. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908
AMA Yeni FB, Uçar E, Baştan B. Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı. JTL. November 2025;10(2):408-429. doi:10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908
Chicago Yeni, Fatma Betül, Eda Uçar, and Bahar Baştan. “Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 10, no. 2 (November 2025): 408-29. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908.
EndNote Yeni FB, Uçar E, Baştan B (November 1, 2025) Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 10 2 408–429.
IEEE F. B. Yeni, E. Uçar, and B. Baştan, “Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı”, JTL, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 408–429, 2025, doi: 10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908.
ISNAD Yeni, Fatma Betül et al. “Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 10/2 (November2025), 408-429. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908.
JAMA Yeni FB, Uçar E, Baştan B. Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı. JTL. 2025;10:408–429.
MLA Yeni, Fatma Betül et al. “Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, vol. 10, no. 2, 2025, pp. 408-29, doi:10.26650/JTL.2025.1610908.
Vancouver Yeni FB, Uçar E, Baştan B. Sürdürülebilir Son Kilometre Teslimatları: Kargo Otomatları İçin Stratejik Konumlandırma Yaklaşımı. JTL. 2025;10(2):408-29.



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