Settlement of Railway Track on Reinforced Ballast Overlain by Clayey

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 105 - 128, 20.11.2020

Mohammed Y. Fattah Mahmoud R. M. Al-qaissi Mohammed F. Aswad

https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2020.0014

Abstract

Air transportation development is strictly related to airport competitiveness, since the airport management seeks to improve the capacity to produce services, increase passenger and aircraft movement, improve revenues from aeronautical and non-aeronautical activities, and optimise the other items related to the competitiveness of this type of organisation. In this sense, this study seeks to identify variables associated with the competitiveness of airports, based on their infrastructures, operations, and locations, which can influence the decision-making of airport managers continuously and efficiently. An analysis of the seven busiest Brazilian airports, in terms of aircraft and passenger movement, has been made, and multivariate data analysis has been used through a multiple regression, verifying the relationship between the variables of airports competitiveness, such as the total area of the airport site, number of aircraft parking positions, number of airlines, quantity of aircraft movement- landings and takeoffs, total number of passengers and the GDP of the city where the airport under study is located. The results present an index of competitiveness for each airport analysed after the data mathematical treatment, showing the coefficients at the general equations form aircraft and passenger movement.

Keywords

Air Transport, Competitiveness Index, Mathematical Modelling

References

• Abu-Farsakh M.Y., Chen Q., Yoon S., (2008), “Use of Reinforced Soil Foundation (RSF) to Support Shallow Foundation”, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Louisiana Transportation Research Center.
• ASTM D 422-00: “Standard test method for particle size-analysis of soils”, American Society for Testing and Materials.
• ASTM D 4318-00, “Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils”, American Society for Testing and Materials.
• ASTM D 854-00: “Standard test method for specific gravity of soil solids by pycnometer”, American Society for Testing and Materials.
• Awoleye, E. O. A. (1993). “Ballast type - Ballast Life Predictions”. Derby, British Rail Research LR CES 122, October 1993.
• Chan W.K. (1990), “Permanent Deformation Resistance of Granular Layers in Pavement”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
• Chen Q., (2007), “An Experimental Study on Characteristics and Behavior of Reinforced Soil Foundation”, Ph.D. Thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
• Fattah M. Y., Al-Baghdadi W., Omar M. and Shanableh A., (2010), “Analysis of Strip Footing Resting on Reinforced Granular Trench by the Finite Element Method”, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 01, 4, pp. 471-482.
• Fattah, M. Y., Mahmood, M. R., Aswad, M. F., (2019), “Stress Distribution from Railway Track over Geogrid Reinforced Ballast underlain by Clay”, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 77-93, Springer.
• Fattah, M. Y., Mahmood, M. R., and Aswad, M. F., (2020), “Effect of Track Speed on the Behavior of Railway Track Ballast System underlain by Clay”, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 737:012094, Fourth International Conference on Buildings, Construction and Environmental Engineering – BCEE4, Istanbul - Turkey October 7 – 9, 2019, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/737/1/012094.
• Geeta B., Bhadoriya S. S. and Sleem A., (2013), “Model Studies on Footing Beam Resting on Geogrid Reinforced Soil Bed”, International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Sciences with Engineering Applications, Vol.3, No.6, pp. 1-6.
• Haas R., Walls J. and Carroll R.G., (1988), “Geogrid Reinforcement of Granular Bases in Flexible Pavements”, Transport Research Record 1188.
• Hayano K., Ishii K. and Muramoto K., (2013), “Effects of Ballast Thickness and Tie-tamper Repair on Settlement Characteristics of Railway Ballasted Tracks”, The 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris, pp. 1275-1282.
• Heidari M. and El Naggar M. H., (2010),”Using Reinforced Soil Systems in Hammer Foundations”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Ground Improvement 163, GI2, pp. 121–132.
• Milligan, G.W.E. and Love, J.P. (1984), “Model Testing of Geogrids under an Aggregate Layer on Soft Ground”, Proceedings of Conference on Polymer Grid Reinforcement, Thomas Telford. London. UK, pp. 128 – 138.
• Paute J. L., Hornych P., and BenabenJ. P., (1996),”Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Granular Materials in the French Network of Laboratories des Ponts et Chausse ́es”, Flexible Pavements, Proc., Eur. Symp. Euroflex 1993, A. G. Correia, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 53–64.
• Raymond G.P., (2001), “Reinforced Ballast Behavior Subjected to Repeated Loading”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20, pp. 39-61.