A study of lower-limb bilateral and unilateral strength asymmetry in Maltese sprinters using the modified sphygmomanometer test

Abstract

In track and field athletics, sprint events require athletes to negotiate both straight as well as curved segments of the track. Athletes specializing in the longer sprints must thereby execute symmetrical as well as inherently asymmetrical movement patterns. Few studies have investigated lower-limb strength asymmetry in sprinters internationally, or indeed other factors related to the health and performance of sprinters in the specific case of Malta. This study aimed to explore the general state of affairs with regard to bilateral and unilateral strength asymmetries, specifically in Maltese sprinters, using the modified sphygmomanometer test as a convenient and low-cost method of assessment. We also tested a series of hypotheses investigating the effects on asymmetry of training age, running the curve and leg-dominance. The participants exhibited efficient hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios for sprinting, and generally stronger non-dominant hamstrings bilaterally. Running the curve and left- or right-leggedness did not have significant impacts on any form of lower-limb strength symmetry. There was some evidence to suggest that experienced sprinters may, to a limited degree, manage asymmetrical force production efficiently just where it matters the most. We also discuss the merits of sphygmomanometer testing in the context of purposive asymmetry-reducing neuromuscular control as a learned skill on the part of athletes, and make recommendations for future research.

Keywords

• Unilateral asymmetry
• bilateral asymmetry
• Maltese sprinters
• modified sphygmomanometer test

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