Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities

Mohammed Jemal Ahmed; Atilla Akbaba

Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities

Abstract

alal tourism becomes the most dynamic and fast-growing niche in the tourism industry. However, the lack of consensus on the definition, concepts and implementations of halal tourism has pollarded its development. Academics in scientific researches, destination marketers and practitioners in the industry widely employ the phrases “halal tourism” and “Islamic tourism” interchangeably to denote tourism products and services addressing halal conscious travelers’ needs. These ambiguities pose challenges and practical problems in the academic literature and in the industry. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to appraise the conceptual and practical usage of the phrases halal tourism and Islamic tourism in academia and in industry, and recommend the appropriate position of these terminologies. This paper also seeks to propose cogent definitions of halal tourism and Islamic tourism. The study begins by analyzing the distinctions between halal tourism and Islamic tourism. In the course of the study, firstly, the definitions and concepts of tourism, Islamic tourism, and halal tourism were well examined. The difference between Islamic tourism and halal tourism is emphasized at second. The existing literature was consulted. On top of that, the opinions of tourism experts were gathered through Delphi Technique. The data were extracted from a theoretical review and experts’ view within the realm of qualitative research methods. A critical literature review was conducted based on the journal article found in Elsevier, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Moreover, to probe propose definitions for halal tourism and Islamic tourism, tourism experts were also consulted. The finding of this study reveals that there are ambiguities and misunderstandings over these two terminologies among both the academics and practitioners. Despite the fact that they have commonalities especially in using halal products and services, Islamic tourism and halal tourism have unequivocal differences. Their difference lies in the objective and intention of the visitations. Besides the conceptual complications, challenges practically facing the industry are also assessed in the study.

Keywords

References

Abbasi, A. S. (2019). Tablighi Jamaat: A Multidimensional Movement of Religious Travellers. In Ahmad Jamal, R. Raji, & K. Griffin (Eds.), IslamIc TourIsm: managemenT of Travel Destinations (pp. 228–243). CABI.
Aji, M. H. (2019). Aji Halal tourism is not Islamic.pdf. TheJakartaPost, 7.
Al-Bukhari, M. I. I. (2009). English Translation of SAHIH BUKHARI (Volume 1- 9) (S. BUKHARI (ed.)).
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2013). The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam. Shoruuk International. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=iXCNAQAAQBAJ
Al Jallad, N. (2008). The concepts of. Language Design, 10(1991), 77–86.
Ambali, A. R., & Bakar, A. N. (2014). People’s Awareness on Halal Foods and Products: Potential Issues for Policy-makers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(October), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1104
Azam, M. S. E., Abdullah, M. A., & Razak, D. A. (2019). Halal tourism: definition, justification, and scopes towards sustainable development. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 18(3), 23–31.
Battour, M. (2019a). Halal Tourism: achieving Muslim tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty (Vol. 2, Issue August). Author.

Battour, M. (2019b). Halal Tourism: achieving Muslim tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty. In Independently Published (Issue August). https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=Jx-lyAEACAAJ
Battour, M., Hakimian, F., Ismail, M., & Boğan, E. (2018a). The perception of non-Muslim tourists towards halal tourism: Evidence from Turkey and Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(4), 823–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2017-0072
Battour, M., Hakimian, F., Ismail, M., & Boğan, E. (2018b). The perception of non-Muslim tourists towards halal tourism. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(4), 823–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-07-2017-0072
Battour, M., & Ismail, M. N. (2016). Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and future. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., & Battor, M. (2010). Toward a halal tourism market. Tourism Analysis, 15(4), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354210X12864727453304
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., & Battor, M. (2011). The impact of destination attributes on Muslim tourist’s choice. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(6), 527–540. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.824
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., Battor, M., & Awais, M. (2017). Islamic tourism: an empirical examination of travel motivation and satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.965665
Battour, M. M., Battor, M. M., & Ismail, M. (2012). The mediating role of tourist satisfaction: A study of Muslim tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 29(3), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.666174
Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Siwar, C., Ismail, S. M., & Islam, R. (2011). Potentials of Islamic tourism: A case study of Malaysia on East Coast Economic Region. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 1333–1340.
Boğan, E., & Sarıışık, M. (2019). Halal tourism: conceptual and practical challenges. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2017-0066
Borzooei, M., & Asgari, M. (2013). The Halal Brand Personality and its Effect on Purchase Intention. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(3), 481. http://journal-archieves34.webs.com/481-491.pdf
Botterill, D., & Platenkamp, V. (2014). Delphi Method. In Key Concepts in Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473914674.n11
Brady, S. R. (2015). Utilizing and Adapting the Delphi Method for Use in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 14(5), 160940691562138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406915621381
Camilleri, M. A. (2018). The Planning and Development of the Tourism Product. In M. A. Chamilleri (Ed.), Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing (1st ed., Issue November, pp. 1–23). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-291-220181001
Carboni, M., Perelli, C., & Sistu, G. (2014). Is Islamic tourism a viable option for Tunisian tourism? Insights from Djerba. Tourism Management Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.02.002
Din, K. H. (1989). Islam and tourism. Patterns, issues, and options. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(4), 542–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(89)90008-X
Duman, T. (2011). the Value of Islamic Tourism : Islam and Civilisational Renewal, July, 12–13.
Duman, T. (2020). Attributes of Muslim-Friendly Hospitality Service in a Process-Based Model. In M. Hall & G. Prayag (Eds.), THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF HALAL HOSPITALITY AND ISLAMIC TOURISM (pp. 53–69). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315150604-3
Eid, R., & El-Gohary, H. (2015). The role of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between perceived value and tourist satisfaction. Tourism Management, 46, 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.003
El-Gohary, H. (2016). Halal tourism, is it really Halal? Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.013
Elasrag, H. (2016). MPRA. Economic Policy, 2116, 0–33. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000349921.14519.2A
Evans, A., & Syed, S. (2015). Halal Goes Global. In International Trade Centre. International Trade Centre. http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/224324915?accountid=42518
Fakir, F., & Erraoui, E. (2019). Moroccan Tourist’s Perceptions Toward Halal Tourism. 2nd International Halal Tourism Congress/04-06 April 2019/Anatalya-Turkey, November, 1–13.
Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2012). Tourism: Principles, Practices and Philosophies. In John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. https://doi.org/10.1159/000470892
Hanziker, W., & Krapf, K. (1946). Guest editorial. Tourism Review, 75(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2020-405
Haq, F., & Wong, H. Y. (2010). Is spiritual tourism a new strategy for marketing Islam? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831011055879
Hassan, Z. (2015). Factors affecting Muslim Tourists Choice of Halal Concept Hotels and Satisfaction in Malaysia: Moderating effect of Religious Devotedness. International Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 3(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.24924/ijabm/2015.11/v3.iss2/133.144
Henderson, J. C. (2010a). Chapter 6 Islam and tourism. In Tourism in the Muslim World (Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, Vol. 2), (pp. 75–89). , Scott, N. and Jafari, J. (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1108/s2042-1443(2010)0000002009
Henderson, J. C. (2010b). Islam and tourism: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, 2, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2042-1443(2010)0000002009
Henderson, J. C. (2016). Halal food, certification and halal tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.006
Jafari, J., & Scott, N. (2014). Muslim world and its tourisms. Annals of Tourism Research, 44(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.08.011
Jamal, A., & El-Bassiouny, N. (2018). Islamic tourism: the role of culture and religiosity. In K. A. Jamal, A.; Raj, R.; Griffin (Ed.), Islamic tourism: management of travel destinations. (pp. 11–26). CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786394132.0010
Laderlah, S. A., Rahman, S. A., Awang, K., & Man, Y. C. (2011). A study on islamic tourism : a malaysian experience. IACSIT Press, 17, 184–189.
Lohmann, G., & Netto, P. (2016). Tourism Theory Concepts, Models and Systems. CABI. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
Medlik, S. (2003). Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. In S. Medlik (Third Edit). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Mohamed, N. (2018). The influence of religiosity upon Muslim tourists ’ travel decision-making processes for an Islamic leisure destination (Issue September). Heriot-Watt University.
Mohideen, H., & Mohideen, S. (2008). The Language of Islamophobia in Internet Articles. Intellectual Discourse, 16(1).
Scorțe, C., Dragolea, L., & Paschia(Dincă), L. (2013). TOURISM – THE MAIN COMPONENT OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY –. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 15(2), 703–715.
Statistical Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic, & (SESRIC). (2018). OIC ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2018: Challenges and Opportunities towards Achieving the OIC-2025. ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION. www.idi.org.il
Suleman, R., & Qayum, B. (2018a). Religion and Islamic tourism destinations. In Islamic toursim: management of travel destinations. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786394132.0026
Suleman, R., & Qayum, B. (2018b). Religion and Islamic tourism destinations. In Islamic toursim: management of travel destinations (pp. 26–37). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786394132.0026
The Holy Quarn (2006). The Meaning of The Noble Qur ’ an. In Commentary. www.holybooks.com. http://www.pdf-koran.com/Koran.pdf %5Cnhttp://www.pdf-koran.com/Koran.zip
Theobald, W. F. (2005). Global Tourism 3r ed. In W. F. Theobald (Ed.), Global Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-7789-9.50011-x
Theobald, W. F. (2012). Global Tourism. Global Tourism. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080478043
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. (2011). International tourism in OIC member countries: Prospects and challenges (Vol. 2).
Tribe, J. (2009). Philosophical Issues in Tourism (J. Tribe (ed.); Vol. 53, Issue 9, pp. 3–25). CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS.
United Nations. (2008). asdf. United nations.
Vargas-Sánchez, A., & Moral-Moral, M. (2019). Halal tourism: literature review and experts’ view. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(3), 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0039
Veal, A. J. (1992). Definitions of Leisure and Recreation. Australian Journal of Leisure and Recreation, 2(52), 44–48. http://funlibre.org/biblioteca2/docs_digitales/investigacion/definiciones_ocio_y_recreacion.pdf
Weaver, D., & Lawton, L. (2014). Tourism Management (5th ed.). Wiley & Sons.
World Travel Market. (2007). WTM Global Trends Report 2007. WTM

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Tourism (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mohammed Jemal Ahmed ^* This is me
0000-0002-8744-7328
Türkiye

Atilla Akbaba
0000-0002-9434-2145
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 27, 2020

Submission Date

October 30, 2020

Acceptance Date

December 15, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 1 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ahmed, M. J., & Akbaba, A. (2020). Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities. Journal of Tourism Research Institute, 1(2), 83-100. https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY

AMA

1.Ahmed MJ, Akbaba A. Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities. JTRI. 2020;1(2):83-100. https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY

Chicago

Ahmed, Mohammed Jemal, and Atilla Akbaba. 2020. “Halal Tourism: Definitional, Conceptual and Practical Ambiguities”. Journal of Tourism Research Institute 1 (2): 83-100. https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY.

EndNote

Ahmed MJ, Akbaba A (December 1, 2020) Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities. Journal of Tourism Research Institute 1 2 83–100.

IEEE

[1]M. J. Ahmed and A. Akbaba, “Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities”, JTRI, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 83–100, Dec. 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY

ISNAD

Ahmed, Mohammed Jemal - Akbaba, Atilla. “Halal Tourism: Definitional, Conceptual and Practical Ambiguities”. Journal of Tourism Research Institute 1/2 (December 1, 2020): 83-100. https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY.

JAMA

1.Ahmed MJ, Akbaba A. Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities. JTRI. 2020;1:83–100.

MLA

Ahmed, Mohammed Jemal, and Atilla Akbaba. “Halal Tourism: Definitional, Conceptual and Practical Ambiguities”. Journal of Tourism Research Institute, vol. 1, no. 2, Dec. 2020, pp. 83-100, https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY.

Vancouver

1.Mohammed Jemal Ahmed, Atilla Akbaba. Halal tourism: Definitional, conceptual and practical ambiguities. JTRI [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 1;1(2):83-100. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA56YS69MY