Research Article

Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space

Volume: 8 Number: 2 October 19, 2025
EN TR

Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space

Abstract

In this paper, we introduced original definitions of special normal surfaces defined by Smarandache curves according to Frenet frame in Euclidean space. We investigate theorems that give us necessary and sufficient conditions for those normal surfaces to be developable and minimal and give examples with illustrations.

Keywords

References

  1. Ali, A. T. (2010). Special Smarandache curves in the Euclidean space. International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, 2, 30–36.
  2. Gray, A. (1998). Modern differential geometry of curves and surfaces. CRC Press.
  3. Gray, A. (2006). Modern differential geometry of curves and surfaces with Mathematica. CRC Press, Inc.
  4. Hananoi, S., & Izumiya, S. (2017). Normal developable surfaces of surfaces along curves. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics, 147 (1), 177–203.
  5. Heckman, G. (2017). Classical differential geometry: Curves and surfaces in Euclidean space. Radboud University Nijmegen.
  6. Ibrahim, A., & Solouma, E. M. (2021). Characteristic properties of type-2 Smarandach-ruled surface according to the type-2 Bishop frame in E3. Advances in Mathematical Physics, 1–7.
  7. Izumiya, S., & Takeuchi, N. (2004). New special curves and developable surfaces. Turkish Journal of Mathematics, 28, 153–163.
  8. Izumiya, S., & Takeuchi, N. (2003). Geometry of ruled surfaces. In J. C. Misra (Ed.), Applicable mathematics in the golden age (pp. 305–338). Narosa Publishing House.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Algebraic and Differential Geometry

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 19, 2025

Submission Date

November 25, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 2

APA
Yılmaz, A. (2025). Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space. Journal of Universal Mathematics, 8(2), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.33773/jum.1591062
AMA
1.Yılmaz A. Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space. JUM. 2025;8(2):104-119. doi:10.33773/jum.1591062
Chicago
Yılmaz, Amine. 2025. “Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-Space”. Journal of Universal Mathematics 8 (2): 104-19. https://doi.org/10.33773/jum.1591062.
EndNote
Yılmaz A (October 1, 2025) Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space. Journal of Universal Mathematics 8 2 104–119.
IEEE
[1]A. Yılmaz, “Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space”, JUM, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 104–119, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.33773/jum.1591062.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Amine. “Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-Space”. Journal of Universal Mathematics 8/2 (October 1, 2025): 104-119. https://doi.org/10.33773/jum.1591062.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz A. Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space. JUM. 2025;8:104–119.
MLA
Yılmaz, Amine. “Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-Space”. Journal of Universal Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 2, Oct. 2025, pp. 104-19, doi:10.33773/jum.1591062.
Vancouver
1.Amine Yılmaz. Normal Surfaces Defined by Smarandache Curves According to Frenet Frame in the Euclidean 3-space. JUM. 2025 Oct. 1;8(2):104-19. doi:10.33773/jum.1591062