Washington Consensus, Neo-Liberalism and Beyond: Does Beijing Consensus Break the Routine?

Yıl 2019, , 299 - 317, 31.07.2019

Mehmet Ozan Saray

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.540111

Öz

The Bretton-Woods
institutions which were established after the Second World War and the
neo-liberal policies adopted in 1980s known as the Washington Consensus were
exposed to significant critics after the 2008 global financial crisis. Even
though the Washington Consensus and the policies implemented have increased the
profitability, they caused serious problems such as crises, disruptions in
income distribution and inequalities. This than, led to the persistence of
underdevelopment. In contrast to these policies, China and other Asian
countries, following an alternative policy mix which is based on intensive
intervention of government, have achieved extremely rapid growth rates and
industrialization with a more equal income distribution. The validity and
impacts of the Chinese model, which later called the Beijing Consensus, for
emerging and middle income economies are still debated. The main aim of the
study is to compare the Washington Consensus with Beijing Consensus within the
context of emerging and middle income economies. The study also discusses the
possible returns and future of Beijing Consensus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Washington Consensus, Beijing Consensus, Neo-Liberalism, Global Financial Crisis

Washington Uzlaşısı, Neo-Liberalizm ve Sonrası: Pekin Uzlaşısı Ezber mi Bozuyor?

Öz

İkinci
dünya savaşının hemen ardından kurulan Bretton-Woods kuruluşları ve 1980
sonrasında uygulanan Washington Uzlaşısı genel adıyla bilinen neo-liberal
politikalar, 2008 küresel finans krizi sonrasında önemli itirazlara maruz
kalmıştır. Washington Uzlaşısı ve beraberinde uygulanan politikalar
karlılıkları yükseltse de krizler, gelir dağılımı eşitsizlikleri ve az
gelişmişliğin sürmesi sorunlarına neden olmuştur. Oysa ki Washington Uzlaşısı
politikalarının aksine devletin yoğun müdahalesine dayanan alternatif bir
politika izleyen Çin ve diğer birtakım Asya ülkeleri hızlı bir büyüme,
sanayileşme ve gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizlikleri düşürebilme başarısını
yakalamışlardır. Sonrasında Pekin Uzlaşısı olarak adlandırılan Çin modelinin
gelişmekte olan ülkeler için geçerliliği ve etkileri halen tartışılmaktadır.
Çalışmanın temel amacı Washington Uzlaşısı
ile Pekin Uzlaşısının gelişmekte olan ülkeler bakımından karşılaştırmasını
yapmaktır. Bu çerçevede Pekin Uzlaşısının olası getirileri ve geleceği de
tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Washington Uzlaşısı, Pekin Uzlaşısı, Neo-Liberalizm, Küresel Finans Krizi

Kaynakça

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