Finansallaşma ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Farklı Kapitalizm Türleri için Mukayeseli Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı literatürde iki ideal kapitalizm türü olarak tanımlanan liberal piyasa ekonomileri ve eşgüdümlü piyasa ekonomileri için finansallaşma ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi mukayeseli olarak analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla 15 OECD ülkesinin 1985-2010 dönemine ait yıllık verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Gelir eşitsizliğinin ölçülmesinde, Gini katsayısının yetersiz bir ölçü olması nedeniyle en yüksek gelirli %1’lik kesimin ulusal gelirden aldığı pay kullanılmıştır. Finansallaşma göstergesi olarak ise toplam katma değer içerisinde finans sektörü katma değerinin payından yararlanılmıştır. Genişletilmiş ortalama grup (AMG) tahmincisi  kullanılarak yapılan ampirik analiz sonuçlarına göre teorik bekleyişlerle uyumlu olarak finans sektöründeki büyümenin liberal ekonomilerde daha fazla gelir eşitsizliğine neden olduğu, emek piyasası kurumlarının finansallaşmanın bu olumsuz etkisini azaltacak düzeyde olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Liberal ekonomilere nazaran, eşgüdümlü piyasa ekonomilerinde finansallaşmanın gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisi daha küçüktür.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansallaşma,Gelir Eşitsizliği,Kapitalizm Türleri,Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup Tahmincisi

Kaynakça

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