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Bankaların Kurumsal Çevrelerine Stratejik Tepkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 14, 154 - 163, 27.03.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın
amacı bankaların kurumsal çevresini ve kurumsal çevresine yönelik stratejik
tepkilerinin incelenmesidir. Kurumsal çevre yasalar, düzenleyici yapılar,
devlet kurumları ve çıkar grupları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Özellikle 2001 yılı
ekonomik  kriz sonrası gerçekleştirilen reformlar,
teşvikler, kısıtlar ve artan rekabet bankaların çeşitli kurumsal çevre baskılarıyla
karşılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bankaların bir kısmı bu baskılar karşısında faaliyetlerine
son verirken, bir kısmı ise  çeşitli stratejik
tepkilerle faaliyetlerine devam etmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi ile
bankacılık sektöründe etkili olduğu varsayılan ulusal ve örgütsel ortamları
incelemek için kurumsal teoriden faydalanılmıştır. Bankaların kurumsal
çevrelerine yönelik stratejik tepkileri Oliver tarafından geliştirilen
kavramsal bir model kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Bu kavramsal model beş
stratejik yanıt (kabullenme, uzlaşma, kaçınma, meydan okuma ve yönlendirme)
önermektedir. Araştırma soruları 10 bankanın üst düzey yöneticileri ile
derinlemesine yüz yüze görüşmeler ve destekleyici soru formları yoluyla
sorgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları kurumsal çevredeki taklitçi ve zorlayıcı
baskıların ve bankaların stratejik tepkilerinin rekabet üstünlüğünde etkili
olduğunu göstermektedir.




References

  • Arslan, R. & Hotamışlı, M. (2007). Türk bankacılık sisteminde kurumsal çevrenin bankaların yapı ve uygulamaları üzerinde oluşturduğu teşvik ve kısıtlamalar. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1), 195- 208.
  • Bakır, C. & Öniş, Z. (2010). The regulatory state and Turkish banking reforms in the age of post-Washington consensus. Development and Change, 41( 1), 77-106.
  • Campbell, J. L. (2004).Institutional change and globalization. USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Clemens, B.W. & Douglas, T.J. (2005). Understanding strategic responses to institutional pressures. Journal of Business Research, 58,1205-1213.
  • Clemens, B. & Papadakis, M. (2008). Environmental management and strategy in the face of regulatory intensity: radioactive contamination in the US steel industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(8), 480-492.
  • Çağlayan B. & Durmuş-Özdemir E. (2018). Türk bankacılık sektöründe bireysel bankacılık uygulamalarının sürdürülebilir rekabet üstünlüğü açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16, 202-217
  • Dess, G. G & Robinson R. B. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 265-273.
  • DiMaggio, P. J. (1988). Interest and agency in institutional theory.In L. G. Zucker (Ed.), Institutional Patterns and Organizations (pp. 3–22). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
  • DiMaggio P. J. & Powell W. W. (1983). “The iron cage revised: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147-160.
  • Ermiş, H. (2018). 2008 krizi öncesi ve sonrasının Turk bankacılık sektörü üzerindeki etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
  • Goodstein, J. D. (1994). Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: employer involvement in work-family issues. The Academy of Management Journal, 37(2), 350–382.
  • Gül, H. (2014). Küresel ekonomik kriz ekonomik istikrar ve Türkiye. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 2(3): 261-266.
  • Ingram, P., & Simons, T. (1995). Institutional and resource dependence determinants of responsiveness to work-family issues.The Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1466–1482.
  • Karaçam, B. (2012). Orası Yapı Kredi fark oradaydı (1987-1999) (4. Baskı). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Klehe, U. C. (2004). Choosing how to choose: Institutional pressures affecting the adoption of personel selection procedures. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12(4): 327-342.
  • Landis, K., J. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 159-174.
  • Meyer, J. W. & Rowan B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83 (2): 340-363.
  • Meyer, J. W., Scott, W. R., & Deal, T. E. (1983). Institutional and technical sources of organizational structure. In J. W. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 45–67). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16 (1): 145-179.
  • Oliver, C. (1992), The antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, 13(4), 563-588.
  • Öniş, Z. (2009). Beyond the 2001 financial crisis: the political economy of the new phase of neo-liberal restructuring in Turkey. Review of International Political Economy, 16(3): 409-432.
  • Öngör, Y. A. (2013) Benden sonra devam, (10. Baskı), İstanbul: Alametiferika Yayınları.
  • Özseven M. & Danışman A.(2017). Kurumsal değişim, örgütsel kimlikler ve örgütsel uygulamalar: türk kamu bankalarının 2001 ekonomik krizi sonrası durumu. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 44:335-374.
  • Peng, M. W. & Chen, H. (2011). Strategic responses to domestic and foreign institutional pressures in the Chinese toy industry. International Studies of Management and Organization, 41(2): 88-105.
  • Scott, W. R. (1987). The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 493–511.
  • Scott, W. R., & Meyer, J. W. (1991). The organization of societal sectors: propositions and early evidence. In W. W. Powell, & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 108–140). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Santos, J. (2011). Bank corporate loan pricing following the subprime crisis, The Review of Financial Studies, 24, (6): 1 June: 1916–1943, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhq115
  • Venkatraman, N. & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches. Academy of Management Review, 11 (4): 801-814
  • Venkatraman, N. (1989). Strategic orientation of business enterprises: the construct, dimensionality and measurement management science, 35 (8): 942-962.
  • Vurucu, M. & Arı, M. U. (2014). A’dan Z’ye bankacılık: yasal mevzuat-ürün ve hizmetler uygulamalar, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/01/sektorel-bakis-2019-bankacilik.pdf (Retrieved, January 05, 2019)
  • www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Mevzuat/Mevzuat.aspx(Retrieved, August 14, 2018)
  • www.finansgundem.com/haber/bankacilik-sektorunde-2019-beklentileri/1379715 (Retrieved, January 02, 2019)
  • www.home.kpmg/tr/tr/home/gorusler/2019/01/sektorel-bakis-2019,bankacilik.html (Retrieved, January 09, 2019)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4603.pdf (Retrieved October 20, 2018)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4743.pdf(Retrieved, September 05, 2018)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5411.pdf (Retrieved, September 14, 2018)
  • www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/07/20010703.htm (Retrieved, November 10, 2018)
  • www.tbb.org.tr/tr/hakkimizda/kurumsal/hakkinda/gorevleri/13 (Retrieved, January 09, 2019)www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Banka+Hakkinda/Mevzuat (Retrieved, March 22, 2018)

Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment

Year 2019, Volume: 14, 154 - 163, 27.03.2019

Abstract



This study is intended to
explore the institutional environment of banks and their strategic responses
their institutional environment. Institution environment is defined as laws,
regulatory structures, governmental agencies and interest groups. The reforms,
incentives, constraints and increasing competition, especially after the 2001
economic crisis, have caused banks to face various institutional environment
pressures. Some of the banks ended their activities in the face of these
pressures, while others continued their activities with various strategic
responses. The institutional theory is used to examine the national and
organizational environments that are assumed to be influential in the banking
sector, with qualitative research method being used in the study. The strategic
responses of banks to their institutional environment were explored by using a
conceptual model developed by Oliver. This conceptual model proposes five
strategic responses (acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance and
manipulation). Research questions were explored through in depth interviews
with senior executives of 10 banks supplemented by some survey questions. The
findings of the study indicate that mimetic and coercive pressure in the
institutional environment and strategic responses of banks to environmental
uncertainty in the organizational environment has been influential for the
competitive advantage.




References

  • Arslan, R. & Hotamışlı, M. (2007). Türk bankacılık sisteminde kurumsal çevrenin bankaların yapı ve uygulamaları üzerinde oluşturduğu teşvik ve kısıtlamalar. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1), 195- 208.
  • Bakır, C. & Öniş, Z. (2010). The regulatory state and Turkish banking reforms in the age of post-Washington consensus. Development and Change, 41( 1), 77-106.
  • Campbell, J. L. (2004).Institutional change and globalization. USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Clemens, B.W. & Douglas, T.J. (2005). Understanding strategic responses to institutional pressures. Journal of Business Research, 58,1205-1213.
  • Clemens, B. & Papadakis, M. (2008). Environmental management and strategy in the face of regulatory intensity: radioactive contamination in the US steel industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(8), 480-492.
  • Çağlayan B. & Durmuş-Özdemir E. (2018). Türk bankacılık sektöründe bireysel bankacılık uygulamalarının sürdürülebilir rekabet üstünlüğü açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16, 202-217
  • Dess, G. G & Robinson R. B. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 265-273.
  • DiMaggio, P. J. (1988). Interest and agency in institutional theory.In L. G. Zucker (Ed.), Institutional Patterns and Organizations (pp. 3–22). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
  • DiMaggio P. J. & Powell W. W. (1983). “The iron cage revised: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147-160.
  • Ermiş, H. (2018). 2008 krizi öncesi ve sonrasının Turk bankacılık sektörü üzerindeki etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
  • Goodstein, J. D. (1994). Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: employer involvement in work-family issues. The Academy of Management Journal, 37(2), 350–382.
  • Gül, H. (2014). Küresel ekonomik kriz ekonomik istikrar ve Türkiye. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 2(3): 261-266.
  • Ingram, P., & Simons, T. (1995). Institutional and resource dependence determinants of responsiveness to work-family issues.The Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1466–1482.
  • Karaçam, B. (2012). Orası Yapı Kredi fark oradaydı (1987-1999) (4. Baskı). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Klehe, U. C. (2004). Choosing how to choose: Institutional pressures affecting the adoption of personel selection procedures. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12(4): 327-342.
  • Landis, K., J. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 159-174.
  • Meyer, J. W. & Rowan B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83 (2): 340-363.
  • Meyer, J. W., Scott, W. R., & Deal, T. E. (1983). Institutional and technical sources of organizational structure. In J. W. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 45–67). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16 (1): 145-179.
  • Oliver, C. (1992), The antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, 13(4), 563-588.
  • Öniş, Z. (2009). Beyond the 2001 financial crisis: the political economy of the new phase of neo-liberal restructuring in Turkey. Review of International Political Economy, 16(3): 409-432.
  • Öngör, Y. A. (2013) Benden sonra devam, (10. Baskı), İstanbul: Alametiferika Yayınları.
  • Özseven M. & Danışman A.(2017). Kurumsal değişim, örgütsel kimlikler ve örgütsel uygulamalar: türk kamu bankalarının 2001 ekonomik krizi sonrası durumu. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 44:335-374.
  • Peng, M. W. & Chen, H. (2011). Strategic responses to domestic and foreign institutional pressures in the Chinese toy industry. International Studies of Management and Organization, 41(2): 88-105.
  • Scott, W. R. (1987). The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 493–511.
  • Scott, W. R., & Meyer, J. W. (1991). The organization of societal sectors: propositions and early evidence. In W. W. Powell, & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 108–140). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Santos, J. (2011). Bank corporate loan pricing following the subprime crisis, The Review of Financial Studies, 24, (6): 1 June: 1916–1943, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhq115
  • Venkatraman, N. & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches. Academy of Management Review, 11 (4): 801-814
  • Venkatraman, N. (1989). Strategic orientation of business enterprises: the construct, dimensionality and measurement management science, 35 (8): 942-962.
  • Vurucu, M. & Arı, M. U. (2014). A’dan Z’ye bankacılık: yasal mevzuat-ürün ve hizmetler uygulamalar, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/01/sektorel-bakis-2019-bankacilik.pdf (Retrieved, January 05, 2019)
  • www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Mevzuat/Mevzuat.aspx(Retrieved, August 14, 2018)
  • www.finansgundem.com/haber/bankacilik-sektorunde-2019-beklentileri/1379715 (Retrieved, January 02, 2019)
  • www.home.kpmg/tr/tr/home/gorusler/2019/01/sektorel-bakis-2019,bankacilik.html (Retrieved, January 09, 2019)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4603.pdf (Retrieved October 20, 2018)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4743.pdf(Retrieved, September 05, 2018)
  • www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5411.pdf (Retrieved, September 14, 2018)
  • www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/07/20010703.htm (Retrieved, November 10, 2018)
  • www.tbb.org.tr/tr/hakkimizda/kurumsal/hakkinda/gorevleri/13 (Retrieved, January 09, 2019)www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Banka+Hakkinda/Mevzuat (Retrieved, March 22, 2018)
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eren Durmuş-özdemir 0000-0002-0077-9363

Publication Date March 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 14

Cite

APA Durmuş-özdemir, E. (2019). Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 14, 154-163.
AMA Durmuş-özdemir E. Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. March 2019;14:154-163.
Chicago Durmuş-özdemir, Eren. “Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 14, March (March 2019): 154-63.
EndNote Durmuş-özdemir E (March 1, 2019) Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 14 154–163.
IEEE E. Durmuş-özdemir, “Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, vol. 14, pp. 154–163, 2019.
ISNAD Durmuş-özdemir, Eren. “Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 14 (March 2019), 154-163.
JAMA Durmuş-özdemir E. Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2019;14:154–163.
MLA Durmuş-özdemir, Eren. “Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, vol. 14, 2019, pp. 154-63.
Vancouver Durmuş-özdemir E. Strategic Responses of Banks to Their Institutional Environment. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2019;14:154-63.