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Convergence of Per Capita Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis For OECD Countries

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 61, 298 - 309, 31.01.2021

Faruk Mike , Oktay Kızılkaya

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.811847

Abstract

References

  • Aldy, J. E. (2006) “Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Convergence or Divergence?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(4), 533-555.
  • Al-Mulali, U. (2011) “Oil Consumption, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in MENA Countries”, Energy, 36(10), 6165-6171.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Tang, C. F., & Ozturk, I. (2015) “Estimating the Environment Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 918-924.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007) “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France”, Energy policy, 35(10), 4772-4778.
  • Aslan, A., & Kum, H. (2011) “The Stationary of Energy Consumption for Turkish Disaggregate Data by Employing Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests”, Energy, 36(7), 4256-4258.
  • Baek, J. (2016) “A New Look at the FDI–Income–Energy–Environment Nexus: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN”, Energy Policy, 91, 22-27.
  • Bai, J. & Perron, P. (1998) “Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes”, Econometrica, 66, 47-78.
  • Barassi, M. R., Cole, M. A., & Elliott, R. J. (2011) “The Stochastic Convergence of CO 2 Emissions: A Long Memory Approach”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 49(3), 367-385.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2006) “A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409.
  • Bolat, S., Belke, M., & Celik, N. (2013) “Mean Reverting Behavior of Energy Consumption: Evidence from Selected MENA Countries”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(4), 315.
  • Boutabba, M. A. (2014) “The Impact of Financial Development, Income, Energy and Trade on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the Indian Economy”, Economic Modelling, 40, 33-41.
  • Bulut, U., & Durusu-Ciftci, D. (2018) “Revisiting Energy İntensity Convergence: New Evidence from OECD Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(13), 12391-12397.
  • Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J., L., Barrio‐Castro, D., & López‐Bazo, E. (2005) “Breaking the Panels: An Application to the GDP Per Capita”, The Econometrics Journal, 8(2), 159-175.
  • Chang, C. P., & Lee, C. C. (2008) “Are Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions Converging among Industrialized Countries? New Time Series Evidence with Structural Breaks”, Environment and Development Economics, 497-515.
  • Chen, P. F., & Lee, C. C. (2007) “Is Energy Consumption Per Capita Broken Stationary? New Evidence from Regional-Based Panels”, Energy Policy, 35(6), 3526-3540.
  • Churchill, S. A., Inekwe, J., & Ivanovski, K. (2020) “Stochastic Convergence in Per Capita CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Emerging Economies, 1921–2014”, Energy Economics, 86, 104659.
  • Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2012) “A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574-599.
  • Erdogan, S., Akalin, G., & Oypan, O. (2020) “Are Shocks to Disaggregated Energy Consumption Transitory or Permanent in Turkey? New Evidence from Fourier Panel KPSS Test”, Energy, 197, 117174.
  • Fallahi, F. (2017) “Stochastic Convergence in Per Capita Energy Use in World”, Energy Economics, 65, 228-239.
  • Fallahi, F., & Voia, M. C. (2015) “Convergence and Persistence in Per Capita Energy Use among OECD Countries: Revisited Using Confidence İntervals”, Energy Economics, 52, 246-253.
  • Farhani, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015) “Causal Relationship between CO 2 Emissions, Real GDP, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Urbanization in Tunisia”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15663-15676.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2009) “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hao, Y., Wang, S., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2015) “Examine the Convergence in Per Capita Energy Consumption in China with Breakpoints”, Energy Procedia, 75, 2617-2625.
  • Hasanov, M., & Telatar, E. (2011) “A Re-Examination of Stationarity of Energy Consumption: Evidence from New Unit Root Tests”, Energy Policy, 39(12), 7726-7738.
  • Jalil, A., & Feridun, M. (2011) “The Impact of Growth, Energy and Financial Development on the Environment in China: A Cointegration Analysis”, Energy Economics, 33(2), 284-291.
  • Karimu, A., Brännlund, R., Lundgren, T., & Söderholm, P. (2017) “Energy Intensity and Convergence in Swedish Industry: A Combined Econometric and Decomposition Analysis”, Energy Economics, 62, 347-356.
  • Kaygusuz, K. (2012) “Energy for Sustainable Development: A Case of Developing Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1116-1126.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992) “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root? ”, Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Le, T. H., Chang, Y., & Park, D. (2017) “Energy Demand Convergence in APEC: An Empirical Analysis”, Energy Economics, 65, 32-41.
  • Li, J. P., Ranjbar, O., & Chang, T. (2015) “Unemployment Hysteresis in Piigs Countries: A New Test With Both Sharp and Smooth Breaks”, The Singapore Economic Review, 60(4) 1-13.
  • Liddle, B. (2010) “Revisiting World Energy Intensity Convergence for Regional Differences”, Applied Energy, 87(10), 3218-3225.
  • Lin, J., Inglesi-Lotz, R., & Chang, T. (2018) “Revisiting CO2 Emissions Convergence in G18 Countries”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(5), 269-280.
  • Liu, T. Y., & Lee, C. C. (2020) “Convergence of the World’s Energy Use”, Resource and Energy Economics, 101199.
  • Maddala, G. S. & Wu, S. (1999) “A Comparative Study of Unit Roots Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631–652.
  • Markandya, A., Pedroso-Galinato, S., & Streimikiene, D. (2006) “Energy Intensity in Transition Economies: Is There Convergence towards the EU Average? ”, Energy Economics, 28(1), 121-145.
  • Meng, M., Payne, J. E., & Lee, J. (2013) “Convergence in Per Capita Energy Use among OECD Countries”, Energy Economics, 36, 536-545.
  • Mishra, V., & Smyth, R. (2014) “Convergence in Energy Consumption Per Capita among ASEAN Countries”,Energy policy, 73, 180-185.
  • Mulder, P., & De Groot, H. L. (2012) “Structural Change and Convergence of Energy Intensity across OECD Countries, 1970–2005”, Energy Economics, 34(6), 1910-1921.
  • Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2007) “Are Shocks to Energy Consumption Permanent or Temporary? Evidence from 182 Countries”, Energy policy, 35(1), 333-341.
  • Ozcan, B., & Ozturk, I. (2016) “A New Approach to Energy Consumption Per Capita Stationarity: Evidence from OECD Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 332-344.
  • Pesaran, M., H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008) “A Bias-Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross-Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
  • Shahbaz, M., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., & Sinha, A. (2019) “Foreign Direct Investment–CO2 Emissions Nexus in Middle East and North African Countries: Importance of Biomass Energy Consumption”, Journal of cleaner production, 217, 603-614.
  • Tang, C. F., & Tan, B. W. (2015) “The Impact of Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Direct İnvestment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Vietnam”, Energy, 79, 447-454.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Huang, D., & Cai, C. (2014) “Convergence Behavior of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China”, Economic Modelling, 43, 75-80.

Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 61, 298 - 309, 31.01.2021

Faruk Mike , Oktay Kızılkaya

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.811847

Abstract

Enerji tüketimi/kullanımı, günümüz üretim faaliyetlerinin vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olarak kabul edilmekte ve toplumların yaşam kalitesini belirleyen önemli bir parametre olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Enerji tüketiminin yakınsaması, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve karbondioksit emisyonunu engelleme konularında oldukça önemli politika önerilerine sahiptir. Bu anlamda bu çalışmada OECD ülkeleri arasında kişi başına enerji tüketiminin yakınsama özelliği gösterip göstermediği araştırılmaktadır. Analizler 1965-2019 dönemleri için hem keskin hem de yumuşak ve pürüzsüz kırılmaları dikkate alan panel durağanlık testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular 18 ülke için kişi başına enerji tüketimi serisinin durağan olduğunu ve yakınsama hipotezinin bu ülkeler için geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durumun OECD ülkelerinde girişilen enerji verimliliğindeki artış, enerji yoğunluğundaki azalma ve karbondioksit emisyonlarını azaltma çabalarından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Enerji Tüketimi Yakınsama Durağanlık Testi

References

  • Aldy, J. E. (2006) “Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Convergence or Divergence?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(4), 533-555.
  • Al-Mulali, U. (2011) “Oil Consumption, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in MENA Countries”, Energy, 36(10), 6165-6171.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Tang, C. F., & Ozturk, I. (2015) “Estimating the Environment Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 918-924.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007) “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France”, Energy policy, 35(10), 4772-4778.
  • Aslan, A., & Kum, H. (2011) “The Stationary of Energy Consumption for Turkish Disaggregate Data by Employing Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests”, Energy, 36(7), 4256-4258.
  • Baek, J. (2016) “A New Look at the FDI–Income–Energy–Environment Nexus: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN”, Energy Policy, 91, 22-27.
  • Bai, J. & Perron, P. (1998) “Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes”, Econometrica, 66, 47-78.
  • Barassi, M. R., Cole, M. A., & Elliott, R. J. (2011) “The Stochastic Convergence of CO 2 Emissions: A Long Memory Approach”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 49(3), 367-385.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2006) “A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409.
  • Bolat, S., Belke, M., & Celik, N. (2013) “Mean Reverting Behavior of Energy Consumption: Evidence from Selected MENA Countries”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(4), 315.
  • Boutabba, M. A. (2014) “The Impact of Financial Development, Income, Energy and Trade on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the Indian Economy”, Economic Modelling, 40, 33-41.
  • Bulut, U., & Durusu-Ciftci, D. (2018) “Revisiting Energy İntensity Convergence: New Evidence from OECD Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(13), 12391-12397.
  • Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J., L., Barrio‐Castro, D., & López‐Bazo, E. (2005) “Breaking the Panels: An Application to the GDP Per Capita”, The Econometrics Journal, 8(2), 159-175.
  • Chang, C. P., & Lee, C. C. (2008) “Are Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions Converging among Industrialized Countries? New Time Series Evidence with Structural Breaks”, Environment and Development Economics, 497-515.
  • Chen, P. F., & Lee, C. C. (2007) “Is Energy Consumption Per Capita Broken Stationary? New Evidence from Regional-Based Panels”, Energy Policy, 35(6), 3526-3540.
  • Churchill, S. A., Inekwe, J., & Ivanovski, K. (2020) “Stochastic Convergence in Per Capita CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Emerging Economies, 1921–2014”, Energy Economics, 86, 104659.
  • Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2012) “A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574-599.
  • Erdogan, S., Akalin, G., & Oypan, O. (2020) “Are Shocks to Disaggregated Energy Consumption Transitory or Permanent in Turkey? New Evidence from Fourier Panel KPSS Test”, Energy, 197, 117174.
  • Fallahi, F. (2017) “Stochastic Convergence in Per Capita Energy Use in World”, Energy Economics, 65, 228-239.
  • Fallahi, F., & Voia, M. C. (2015) “Convergence and Persistence in Per Capita Energy Use among OECD Countries: Revisited Using Confidence İntervals”, Energy Economics, 52, 246-253.
  • Farhani, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015) “Causal Relationship between CO 2 Emissions, Real GDP, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Urbanization in Tunisia”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15663-15676.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2009) “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hao, Y., Wang, S., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2015) “Examine the Convergence in Per Capita Energy Consumption in China with Breakpoints”, Energy Procedia, 75, 2617-2625.
  • Hasanov, M., & Telatar, E. (2011) “A Re-Examination of Stationarity of Energy Consumption: Evidence from New Unit Root Tests”, Energy Policy, 39(12), 7726-7738.
  • Jalil, A., & Feridun, M. (2011) “The Impact of Growth, Energy and Financial Development on the Environment in China: A Cointegration Analysis”, Energy Economics, 33(2), 284-291.
  • Karimu, A., Brännlund, R., Lundgren, T., & Söderholm, P. (2017) “Energy Intensity and Convergence in Swedish Industry: A Combined Econometric and Decomposition Analysis”, Energy Economics, 62, 347-356.
  • Kaygusuz, K. (2012) “Energy for Sustainable Development: A Case of Developing Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1116-1126.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992) “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root? ”, Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Le, T. H., Chang, Y., & Park, D. (2017) “Energy Demand Convergence in APEC: An Empirical Analysis”, Energy Economics, 65, 32-41.
  • Li, J. P., Ranjbar, O., & Chang, T. (2015) “Unemployment Hysteresis in Piigs Countries: A New Test With Both Sharp and Smooth Breaks”, The Singapore Economic Review, 60(4) 1-13.
  • Liddle, B. (2010) “Revisiting World Energy Intensity Convergence for Regional Differences”, Applied Energy, 87(10), 3218-3225.
  • Lin, J., Inglesi-Lotz, R., & Chang, T. (2018) “Revisiting CO2 Emissions Convergence in G18 Countries”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(5), 269-280.
  • Liu, T. Y., & Lee, C. C. (2020) “Convergence of the World’s Energy Use”, Resource and Energy Economics, 101199.
  • Maddala, G. S. & Wu, S. (1999) “A Comparative Study of Unit Roots Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631–652.
  • Markandya, A., Pedroso-Galinato, S., & Streimikiene, D. (2006) “Energy Intensity in Transition Economies: Is There Convergence towards the EU Average? ”, Energy Economics, 28(1), 121-145.
  • Meng, M., Payne, J. E., & Lee, J. (2013) “Convergence in Per Capita Energy Use among OECD Countries”, Energy Economics, 36, 536-545.
  • Mishra, V., & Smyth, R. (2014) “Convergence in Energy Consumption Per Capita among ASEAN Countries”,Energy policy, 73, 180-185.
  • Mulder, P., & De Groot, H. L. (2012) “Structural Change and Convergence of Energy Intensity across OECD Countries, 1970–2005”, Energy Economics, 34(6), 1910-1921.
  • Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2007) “Are Shocks to Energy Consumption Permanent or Temporary? Evidence from 182 Countries”, Energy policy, 35(1), 333-341.
  • Ozcan, B., & Ozturk, I. (2016) “A New Approach to Energy Consumption Per Capita Stationarity: Evidence from OECD Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 332-344.
  • Pesaran, M., H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008) “A Bias-Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross-Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
  • Shahbaz, M., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., & Sinha, A. (2019) “Foreign Direct Investment–CO2 Emissions Nexus in Middle East and North African Countries: Importance of Biomass Energy Consumption”, Journal of cleaner production, 217, 603-614.
  • Tang, C. F., & Tan, B. W. (2015) “The Impact of Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Direct İnvestment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Vietnam”, Energy, 79, 447-454.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Huang, D., & Cai, C. (2014) “Convergence Behavior of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China”, Economic Modelling, 43, 75-80.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Faruk Mike 0000-0002-9194-1679

Oktay Kızılkaya 0000-0002-3412-5616

Publication Date January 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 16 Issue: 61

Cite

APA Mike, F., & Kızılkaya, O. (2021). Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 16(61), 298-309. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.811847
AMA Mike F, Kızılkaya O. Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. January 2021;16(61):298-309. doi:10.19168/jyasar.811847
Chicago Mike, Faruk, and Oktay Kızılkaya. “Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16, no. 61 (January 2021): 298-309. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.811847.
EndNote Mike F, Kızılkaya O (January 1, 2021) Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16 61 298–309.
IEEE F. Mike and O. Kızılkaya, “Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 61, pp. 298–309, 2021, doi: 10.19168/jyasar.811847.
ISNAD Mike, Faruk - Kızılkaya, Oktay. “Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi 16/61 (January 2021), 298-309. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.811847.
JAMA Mike F, Kızılkaya O. Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2021;16:298–309.
MLA Mike, Faruk and Oktay Kızılkaya. “Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 61, 2021, pp. 298-09, doi:10.19168/jyasar.811847.
Vancouver Mike F, Kızılkaya O. Kişi Başına Enerji Tüketiminin Yakınsaması: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi. 2021;16(61):298-309.
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