The Effect of Casino Tourism and Reentry to the Casino Gaming Industry - The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 62, 801 - 816, 30.04.2021

Mehmet Bahar , Yunus Topsakal , Nedim Yüzbaşıoğlu , Murad Alpaslan Kasalak

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.812620

Öz

The economic return of the tourism industry is increasing day by day. Destinations that want to increase their share of this increasing economic return want to attract potential tourists by diversifying the tourism services that they offer. In this context, destinations develop and implement special-interest tourism policies such as dark tourism, gastronomy tourism, ecological tourism, balloon tourism, or casino tourism. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the positive and negative effects on tourism of the closure of casinos in Turkey, Turkey’s tourism potential within the existing casinos industry, the problems that may arise by allowing casino tourism, and the solutions. The main focus of this study is the casino gaming industry, which was allowed to be opened in Turkey in 1983 and closed after 1998. For this purpose, data were obtained through in-depth interviews with ten hotel operators. According to the results, the closure of casinos in Turkey had negative effects and Turkey has significant casino tourism potential. The creation of a pilot touristic artificial casino city is proposed in which entry and exits are made by foreign passport and can be followed with the latest systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gaming industry, reentry, gambling tourism, Turkey

Casino Turizminin Etkileri ve Casino Oyun Endüstrisine Yeniden Giriş - Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Turizm endüstrisinin ekonomik getirisi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Artan bu ekonomik getiriden pay almak veya mevcut payını arttırmak isteyen destinasyonlar ziyaretçilere sundukları turizm hizmetlerini çeşitlendirerek potansiyel ziyaretçileri destinasyona çekmek istemektedir. Bu kapsamda destinasyonlar hüzün turizmi, gastronomi turizmi, ekolojik turizm, balon turizmi, casino (kumar) turizmi gibi özel ilgi turizm strateji ve politikaları geliştirip uygulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de casinoların kapatılmasının turizme olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerinin, Türkiye’nin mevcut casino turizmi potansiyelinin, casino turizmine izin verilmesi ile ortaya çıkabilecek sorunların ve çözüm önerilerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 1983 yılında Türkiye’de açılmasına izin verilmesi ile oluşan casino turizmi ve 1998 yılında kapatılması sonrası üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaçla on otel işletmecisi ile yapılan görüşmeler ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın senaryosuna göre Türkçe derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de faaliyet veren 5 yıldızlı büyük ölçekli otel tesislerinden toplam 10 otel yöneticisi ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır.
Sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de casinoların kapatılması olumsuz etkiye sahipken, ülkemizin şuan büyük bir casino turizmi potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Görüşme yapılan katılımcıların, Türkiye’de casino turizmi açısından turistik casinoların yeniden açılması konusunda fikir birliğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Giriş ve çıkışların yabancı pasaportla yapıldığı ve en yeni sistemlerle takip edilebileceği bir pilot turistik yapay casino kenti oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Casino oyun endüstrisi, Tekrar giriş, şans oyunu turizm, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• Ates, A. & Sunar, H. (2019, May). An application proposal for reintegration of casinos to Turkish tourism. Proceedings of the Innovation and Global Issues Congress V, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 237-244.
• Balazic, G. (2016). The socioeconomic impacts of casino tourism in Slovenia’s Obalno-Kraska Region. Studies in Business and Economics, 11(3), 150-163.
• Benton, C. (2015). The economic and social effects of casino development in Macau. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
• Bulatovic, I., Stranjancevic, A., Lacmanovic, D. & Raspor, A. (2017). Casino business in the context of tourism development (case: Montenegro). Social Sciences, 6(4), 2-16.
• Buultjens, J. (2006). Wage determination in NSW and Queensland clubs. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 7(2/3), 135-153.
• Carmichael, B. (2001). Casinos, communities and sustainable economic development. In S. F. McCool & R. N. Moisey (Eds.), Tourism, recreation and sustainability (pp. 217-231). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
• Chhabra, D. (2007). Estimating benefits and costs of casino gambling in Iowa, United States, Journal of Travel Research, 26(2), 173-182.
• Giacopassi, D., Nichols, M. & Stitt, B. G. (1999). attitudes of community leaders in new casino jurisdictions regarding casino gambling’s effects on crime and quality of life. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(2), 123-147.
• Gonzales, A. A., Lyson, T. & Mauer, K. W. (2007). What does a casino mean to a tribe? Assessing the impact of casino development on Indian reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Social Sciences Journal, 44(3), 405-419.
• Grinols, E. L. & Mustard, D. B. (2006). Casinos, crime, and community costs. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(1), 28-45.
• Hall, C. M. & Weiler, B. (1992). Introduciton. What’s special about special interest tourism?. In Weiler, B. & Hall, C. M. (Eds.), Special interest tourim. England: Belhaven Press.
• Hsu, C. H. C. (2000). Residents’ support for legalized gaming and perceived impacts of riverboat casinos: changes in five years. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 390-395.
• Janes, P. L. & Collison, J. (2004). Community leader perceptions of the social and economic impacts of Indian Gaming. UNLV Gaming & Review Journal, 8(1), 13-30.
• Kang, S. K., Lee, C. K., Yoon, Y. & Long, P. T. (2008). Resident perception of the impact of limited-stakes community-based casino gaming in mature gaming communities. Tourism Management, 29(4), 681-694.
• Lee, C. K. & Back, K. J. (2006). Examining structural relationships among perceived impact, benefit and support for casino development based on 4 year longitudinal data. Tourism Management, 27(3), 466-480.
• Lee, C. K. & Back, K. J. (2003). Pre-and post-casino impacts of residents’ perception, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 868-885.
• Leiper, N. (1989). Tourism and Gambling. GeoJournal, 19, 269-275.
• Lock, S. (2018). Casino industry - statistics & facts. [Online] Available: https://www.statista.com/topics/1053/casinos/ Accessed 28 December 2019.
• Long, P. T. (1996). Early impacts of limited stakes casino gambling on rural community life. Tourism Management, 17, 341-353.
• McCracken, G. (1988). Grant, the long interview. London: Sage Publications.
• Minichiello, V., Madison, J., Hays, T. & Parmenter, G. (2004). Doing qualitative in-depth interviews. In V. Minichiello, G. Sullivan, K. Greenwood & R. Axford (Eds.), Research methods for nursing and health science (pp. 411-446). Australia, New South Wales: Pearson Education.
• Morrison, A. M., Braunlich, C. G., Liping, A. C. & O’Leary, J. T. (1996). A profile of the casino resort vacationer. Journal of Travel Research, 35(2), 55-61.
• Nicholas, M. W. (1998). The impact of deregulation on casino wins in Atlantic City. Review of Industrial Organization, 13, 713-726.
• Persson, A. (2008). Sustainable development in a rapid developing casino destination: The case of Macau. Unpublished Bacheor Thesis, Baltic Business School, University of Kalmar.
• Punch, K. F. (2005). Introduction to social research - quantitative & qualitative approaches. London: Sage.
• Sağlıktaturizm (2019). Why foreign patients prefer Turkey. [Online] Available: https://sagliktaturizm.com/ Accessed 28 December 2019.
• Stokowski, P. A. (1996). Crime patterns and gaming development in rural Colorado. Journal of Travel Research, 34(3), 63-69.
• Tore, O. (2019). Casino tourism: the relationship between casino and tourism. [Online] Availbale: https://ftnnews.com/other-news/36589-casino-tourism-the-relationship-between-casino-and-tourism Accessed 27 December 2019.
• Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest tourism - framework for analysis. Tourism Management, 27, 183-200.
• Turizm Aktuel (2018). Casinolar geri mi geliyor? [Online] Available: http://www.turizmaktuel.com/haber/casinolar-geri-mi-geliyor Accessed 27 December 2019.
• Vong, F. C. K. & McCartney, G. (2005). Mapping resident perceptions of gaming impact. Journal of Travel Research, 44(2), 177-187.
• Vong, F. C. K. (2008). Influence of personal factors on Macau residents’ gaming impact perceptions. Gaming Research & Review Journal, 12(1/2), 15-28.
• Wan, Y. K. P., Li, X. C. & Kong, W. H. (2011). Social impacts of casino gaming in Macao: A qualitative analysis. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 59(1), 63-82.