Dynamic Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Ecological Footprint: Evidence from BRICS-T Countries

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 76, 507 - 522

Dilek Atılgan , Enver Günay

Abstract

In the environmental sustainability literature, ecological footprint has recently been seen as one of the most important indicators of environmental destruction. However, serious academic and policy attention to environmental sustainability has not been fully reflected in the ecological footprint due to a lack of clarity in its relationship with economic growth, ecosystem services, biodiversity and human well-being. In this regard, the study expands the literature by examining the dynamic impact of macroeconomic variables on the ecological pillar in BRICS-T countries for the period 1992-2022. The results of Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) tests confirm the long-term relationship of the variables. Co-integration panel-wide estimator coefficient results show that a 1% increase in economic growth and foreign direct investment increases the ecological footprint by 0.197% and 0.046%, respectively, while trade openness reduces the ecological footprint by 0.240%. Causality test results are unidirectional, from ecological footprint to income in Russia and South African countries, and from economic growth to ecological footprint in India, China and Turkey; In China, the relationship between ecological footprint and trade openness is bidirectional, and in Russia and Turkey, the relationship between trade openness and ecological footprint is unidirectional; There are unidirectional causal relationships between foreign direct investments and ecological footprint in India, China and Turkey

Keywords

Ecological Footprint, Environmet, Sustainability, Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

Makroekonomik Değişkenlerin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerindeki Dinamik Etkisi: BRICS-T Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar

Abstract

Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik literatüründe son dönemde ekolojik ayak izi büyük ölçüde çevresel tahribatın en önemli göstergesi arasında görülmektedir. Ancak ekonomik büyüme, ekosistem hizmetleri, biyoçeşitlilik ve insan refahı ile ilişkisindeki netlik eksikliğinden dolayı çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik ciddi akademik ve politik ilgi, ekolojik ayak izine tam olarak yansımamıştır. Bu bakımdan çalışma, 1992-2022 dönemi için BRICS-T ülkelerinde makroekonomik değişkenlerin ekolojik ayak üzerindeki dinamik etkisini inceleyerek literatürü genişletmektedir. Westerlund ve Edgerton (2007) testlerinin sonuçları değişkenlerin uzun dönemli ilişkisini doğrulamaktadır. Eşbütünleşme panel geneli tahminci katsayı sonuçları, ekonomik büyüme ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımındaki %1’lik artış ekolojik ayak izini sırasıyla % 0,197 ve % 0,046 oranında arttırmakta iken ticari açıklık ekolojik ayak izini % 0,240 oranında azaltmaktadır. Nedensellik test sonuçları Rusya ve Güney Afrika ülkelerinde ekolojik ayak izinden gelire doğru Hindistan, Çin ve Türkiye’de ise gelirden ekolojik ayak izine doğru tek yönlü; Çin’de ekolojik ayak izi ile ticari açıklık arasında çift yönlü, Rusya ve Türkiye’de ticari açıklık ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında tek yönlü; Hindistan, Çin ve Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlar ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri mevcuttur.

Keywords

Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Çevre, Sürdürülebilirlik, Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

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