CEBİMDEKİ YABANCI: DİJİTAL SESLİ ASİSTANLARI KULLANMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 20 Sayı: 80, 603 - 626
Ece Özer Çizer
,
Şirin Gizem Köse
,
Zeki Atıl Bulut
Öz
Yapay zeka destekli dijital sesli asistanlar (DVA'lar), kullanıcı deneyimini optimize etmek için kullanıcı verilerini toplar, kullanır ve depolar. Dijital asistanların bu işlevi gizlilik endişelerine yol açarken, marka güveni dijital sesli asistanları kabul etmede hafifletici bir faktör haline gelir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Teknoloji Kabul Modeli'ni (TAM) kullanır ve gizlilik endişesi ile marka güvenini entegre ederek TAM modelini genişletir. Veriler, DVA'larla entegre araçlar kullanılarak katılımcılardan toplanmış ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, gizlilik endişesinin olumsuz bir rol oynadığını, algılanan kullanım kolaylığı, marka güveni, algılanan fayda ve tutumun ise dijital sesli asistanların kullanım niyetini belirlemede olumlu bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bulgular ayrıca, gizlilik endişesinin DVA'ları kullanma niyetinin en önemli belirleyicisi olduğunu ve marka güveninin gizlilik endişesini azalttığını vurgulamaktadır.
Kaynakça
-
Acikgoz, F., & Vega, R. P. (2022). The role of privacy cynicism in consumer habits with voice assistants: a Technology Acceptance Model perspective. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-15.
-
Acikgoz, F., Perez‐Vega, R., Okumus, F., & Stylos, N. (2023). Consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants: A behavioral reasoning perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 40(11), 2226-2243.
-
Ahn, H. (2023). Unrevealing voice search behaviors: Technology acceptance model meets anthropomorphism in understanding consumer psychology in the US market. Sustainability, 15(23), 16455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316455
-
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
-
Al Shamsi, J. H., Al-Emran, M., & Shaalan, K. (2022). Understanding key drivers affecting students’ use of artificial intelligence-based voice assistants. Education and Information Technologies, 1-21.
-
Almeida, V., Furtado, E. S., & Furtado, V. (2020). Personal digital assistants: the need for governance. IEEE Internet Computing, 24(6), 59-64.
-
Anayat, S., Rasool, G., and Pathania, A. (2023). Examining the context-specific reasons and adoption of artificial intelligence-based voice assistants: A behavioural reasoning theory approach. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(5), 1885–1910. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12963
-
Anniappa, D., & Kim, Y. (2021, January). Security and privacy issues with virtual private voice assistants. In 2021 IEEE 11th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) (pp. 0702-0708). IEEE.
-
Augustin, Y., Carolus, A., Wienrich, C. (2022). Privacy of AI-Based Voice Assistants: Understanding the Users’ Perspective. In: Salvendy, G., Wei, J. (eds) Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13337. (pp. 309-321). Springer, Cham.
-
Aw, E. C. X., Tan, G. W. H., Cham, T. H., Raman, R., & Ooi, K. B. (2022). Alexa, what's on my shopping list? Transforming customer experience with digital voice assistants. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121711.
-
Becerra, E. P., & Badrinarayanan, V. (2013). The influence of brand trust and brand identification on brand evangelism. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 371-383.
-
Botelho, B. (2022, December). Virtual assistant (AI assistant). Techtarget. Retrieved March 4, 2023, from ttps://www.techtarget.com/searchcustomerexperience/definition/virtual-assistant-AI-assistant
-
Burbach, L., Halbach, P., Plettenberg, N., Nakayama, J., Ziefle, M., & Valdez, A. C. (2019, July). " Hey, Siri"," Ok, Google"," Alexa". Acceptance-Relevant Factors of Virtual Voice-Assistants. In 2019 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm) (pp. 101-111). IEEE.
-
Buteau, E., & Lee, J. (2021). Hey Alexa, why do we use voice assistants? The driving factors of voice assistant technology use. Communication Research Reports, 38(5), 336-345.
-
Cai, R., Cain, L. N., & Jeon, H. (2022). Customers' perceptions of hotel AI-enabled voice assistants: does brand matter? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (ahead-of-print), 2807-2831.
-
Carnevale, M., Loureiro, Y. K., & Kabadayi, S. (2018). Customer value creation for risky products: The role of brand trust and trusting beliefs. Journal of Creating Value, 4(1), 1-21.
-
Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2002). Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect. Journal of Brand Management, 10(1), 33-58.
-
Chen, M.Y., & Ching, I.T. (2013). A comprehensive model of the effects of online store image on purchase intention in an e-commerce environment. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 1–23.
-
Chen, S. C., Shing-Han, L., & Chien-Yi, L. (2011). Recent related research in technology acceptance model: A literature review. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 124.
-
Choi, T. R. & Drumwright, M. E. (2021). OK, Google, why do I use you? Motivations, post-consumption evaluations, and perceptions of voice AI assistants. Telematics and Informatics, 62, 101628.
-
de Blanes Sebastián, M. G., Guede, J. R. S., & Antonovica, A. (2022). Application and extension of the UTAUT2 model for determining behavioral intention factors in use of the artificial intelligence virtual assistants. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
-
de Cosmo, L. M., Piper, L., & Di Vittorio, A. (2021). The role of attitude toward chatbots and privacy concern on the relationship between attitude toward mobile advertising and behavioral intent to use chatbots. Italian Journal of Marketing, 2021(1), 83-102.
-
Demaeght, A., Nerb, J., Müller, A. (2022). A Survey-Based Study to Identify User Annoyances of German Voice Assistant Users. In: Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Siau, K. (eds) HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13327, (pp. 261-271), Springer, Cham.
-
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social Cognition, 25(5), 582.
-
Ewers, K., & Baier, D. (2020). UGA or TAM: Which approach explains digital voice assistant acceptance better? Archives of Data Science, Series A, KIT Scientific Publishing, 6(2), 1-19.
-
Ewers, K., Baier, D. & Höhn, N. (2020). Siri, do I like you? Digital voice assistants and their acceptance by consumers. Journal of Service Management Research, 4(1), 52-66.
-
Fernandes, T., & Oliveira, E. (2021). Understanding consumers’ acceptance of automated technologies in service encounters: Drivers of digital voice assistants adoption. Journal of Business Research, 122, 180-191.
-
Foehr, J., & Germelmann, C. C. (2020). Alexa, can I trust you? Exploring consumer paths to trust in smart voice-interaction technologies. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 5(2), 181-205.
-
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
-
Fournier, S., & Yao, J. L. (1997). Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of research in Marketing, 14(5), 451-472.
-
Fowler, G. A. (2018). I live with Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri. Here’s which one you should pick. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/11/21/i-live-with-alexa-google-assistant-siri-heres-which-you-should-pick/ Gardiner, B. (2018, June 6). Private smarts: Can digital assistants work without prying into our lives?. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/private-smarts-can-digital-assistants-work-without-prying-into-our-lives/ Graf, E., & Zessinger, D. (2022). Alexa, know your limits: developing a framework for the accepted and desired degree of product smartness for digital voice assistants. SN Business & Economics, 2(6), 1-33.
-
Guha, A., Bressgott, T., Grewal, D., Mahr, D., Wetzels, M., & Schweiger, E. (2022). How artificiality and intelligence affect voice assistant evaluations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-24.
-
Guzman, A. L. (2018), “Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants”, Computers in Human Behavior, In Press, 343-350.
-
Guzman, A.L. (2019). Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 343-350.
-
Hair, Joseph F., G. Tomas M. Huit, Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt (2017), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
-
Hasan, M. R., Shams, S. R., Rahman, M., & Haque, S. E. (2020). Analysing pro-poor innovation acceptance by income segments. Management Decision, 1663-1674.
-
Hernandez‐Ortega, B., & Ferreira, I. (2021). How smart experiences build service loyalty: The importance of consumer love for smart voice assistants. Psychology & Marketing, 38(7), 1122-1139.
-
Hess, T. J., McNab, A. L., & Basoglu, K. A. (2014). Reliability generalization of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intentions. Mis Quarterly, 38(1), 1-28.
-
Hoy, M. B. (2018). Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and more: an introduction to voice assistants. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 37(1), 81-88.
-
Hsieh, S. H., & Lee, C. T. (2021). Hey Alexa: examining the effect of perceived socialness in usage intentions of AI assistant-enabled smart speaker. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 267-294.
-
Hsieh, S.H. and Lee, C.T. (2024), "The AI humanness: how perceived personality builds trust and continuous usage intention", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2023-4797
-
Jain, S., Basu, S., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Kaur, S. (2022). Interactive voice assistants–Does brand credibility assuage privacy risks?. Journal of Business Research, 139, 701-717.
-
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15-25.
-
Kasilingam, D. L. (2020). Understanding the attitude and intention to use smartphone chatbots for shopping. Technology in Society, 62, 101280.
-
Kim, C., Mirusmonov, M., & Lee, I. (2010). An empirical examination of factors influencing the intention to use mobile payment. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 310-322.
-
Kim, J. B. (2012). An empirical study on consumer first purchase intention in online shopping: integrating initial trust and TAM. Electronic Commerce Research, 12(2), 125-150.
-
Kowalczuk, P. (2018). Consumer acceptance of smart speakers: a mixed methods approach. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 418-431.
-
Kowalski, R. (2020). The emerging tech that is shaping the industry. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.ces.tech/Articles/2020/The-Emerging-Tech-That-Is-Shaping -the-Industry.aspx.
-
Lee, K., Lee, K. Y., & Sheehan, L. (2020). Hey Alexa! A magic spell of social glue?: Sharing a smart voice assistant speaker and its impact on users’ perception of group harmony. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(3), 563-583.
-
Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 40(3), 191-204
-
Lenzner, T. And Höhne, J.K. (2022). Who is willing to use audio and voice inputs in smartphones surveys, and Why? International Journal of Market Research, 64(5): 594-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853221084213
-
Lucia-Palacios, L., & Pérez-López, R. (2021). Effects of Home Voice Assistants' Autonomy on Instrusiveness and Usefulness: Direct, Indirect, and Moderating Effects of Interactivity. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 56, 41-54.
-
Lunney, A., Cunningham, N. R., & Eastin, M. S. (2016). Wearable fitness technology: A structural investigation into acceptance and perceived fitness outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 114-120.
-
Maduku, D. K., Mpinganjira, M., Rana, N. P., Thusi, P., Ledikwe, A., & Mkhize, N. H. B. (2023). Assessing customer passion, commitment, and word-of-mouth intentions in digital assistant usage: The moderating role of technology anxiety. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 103208.
-
Malodia, S., Islam, N., Kaur, P., & Dhir, A. (2021). Why do people use Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled voice assistants?. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1-15.
-
Malodia, S., Ferraris, A., Sakashita, M., Dhir, A., & Gavurova, B. (2023). Can Alexa serve customers better? AI-driven voice assistant service interactions. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(1), 25-39.
-
Mani, Z., & Chouk, I. (2017). Drivers of consumers’ resistance to smart products. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(1-2), 76-97.
-
Manikonda, L., Deotale, A., & Kambhampati, S. (2018, December). What's up with privacy? User preferences and privacy concerns in intelligent personal assistants. In Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 229-235).
-
Marikyan, D., Papagiannidis, S., Rana, O. F., Ranjan, R., & Morgan, G. (2022). “Alexa, let’s talk about my productivity”: The impact of digital assistants on work productivity. Journal of Business Research, 142, 572-584.
-
Marangunić, N., & Granić, A. (2015). Technology acceptance model: a literature review from 1986 to 2013. Universal Access in The Information Society, 14(1), 81-95.
-
McLean, G., & Osei-Frimpong, K. (2019). Hey Alexa… examine the variables influencing the use of artificial intelligent in-home voice assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 28-37.
-
McLean, G., Osei-Frimpong, K., & Barhorst, J. (2021). Alexa, do voice assistants influence consumer brand engagement?–Examining the role of AI powered voice assistants in influencing consumer brand engagement. Journal of Business Research, 124, 312-328.
-
Mishra, A., Shukla, A., & Sharma, S. K. (2021). Psychological determinants of users’ adoption and word-of-mouth recommendations of smart voice assistants. International Journal of Information Management, 10241, 1-14.
-
Moon, J. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217-230.
-
Moorthy, A., & Vu, K. P. L. (2015). Privacy concerns for use of voice activated personal assistant in the public space. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(4), 307-335.
-
Moslehpour, M., Pham, V.K., Wong, W.-K. and Bilgiçli, İ. (2018). e-purchase intention of Taiwanese consumers: Sustainable mediation of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Sustainability, 10, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010234
-
Orr, D. A., & Sanchez, L. (2018). Alexa, did you get that? Determining the evidentiary value of data stored by the Amazon® Echo. Digit. Investig., 24, 72-78.
-
Ostrom, A. L., Fotheringham, D., & Bitner, M. J. (2019). Customer acceptance of AI in service encounters: understanding antecedents and consequences. In Handbook of Service Science, Volume II (pp. 77-103). Springer, Cham.
-
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., Razzaque, M.A., & Funilkul, S. (2020). To trust or not-trust: Privacy issues with voice assistants. IT Professional, 22(5), 46-53.
-
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., & Razzaque, M. A. (2020). Personal information disclosure via voice assistants: the personalization–privacy paradox. SN Computer Science, 1(5), 1-17.
-
Pal, D., Babakerkhell, M. D., & Zhang, X. (2021). Exploring the determinants of users’ continuance usage intention of smart voice assistants. IEEE Access, 9, 162259-162275.
-
Park, E. S., & Park, M. S. (2020). Factors of the technology acceptance model for construction IT. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8299.
-
Pal, D., Babakerkhell, M. D., & Roy, P. (2022). How Perceptions of Trust and Intrusiveness Affect the Adoption of Voice Activated Personal Assistants. IEEE Access.
-
Pitardi, V., & Marriott, H. R. (2021). Alexa, she's not human but… Unveiling the drivers of consumers' trust in voice‐based artificial intelligence. Psychology & Marketing, 38(4), 626-642.
-
Portal, S., Abratt, R., & Bendixen, M. (2019). The role of brand authenticity in developing brand trust. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(8), 714-729.
-
Saffarizadeh, K., Boodraj, M., & Alashoor, T. M. (2017, December). Conversational Assistants: Investigating Privacy Concerns, Trust, and Self-Disclosure. In ICIS.
-
Santander (August 11,2022). Everything you need tı know about voice assistants. Retrived April 4, 2023 from https://www.santander.com/en/stories/everything-you-need-to-know-about-voice-assistants
-
Schultz, C. & Brüggemann, P. (2021). Acceptance of Digital Voice Assistants for Grocery Shopping. Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, 50th. Annual EMAC Conference, Madrid, May 25-28, 94494, Retrived December 4, 2022, from http://proceedings.emac-online.org/pdfs/A2021-94494.pdf
-
Setiawati, E., Trisnawati, R. and Diana, U. (2019). The analysis of acceptance of hospital information management system (hims) using technology acceptance model method. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 4(2), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v4i2.8652
-
Sharif, K., & Tenbergen, B. (2020). Smart home voice assistants: a literature survey of user privacy and security vulnerabilities. Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, (24), 15-30.
-
Shin, D., Zhong, B., & Biocca, F. A. (2020). Beyond user experience: What constitutes algorithmic experiences?. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 102061
-
Song, Y., Yang, Y., & Cheng, P. (2022). The Investigation of Adoption of Voice-User Interface (VUI) in Smart Home Systems among Chinese Older Adults. Sensors, 22(4), 1614.
-
Soper, D.S. (2022). A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software]. Retrieved Feb 14, 2022, from https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
-
Sweeney, M. E., & Davis, E. (2020). Alexa, are you listening? An exploration of smart voice assistant use and privacy in libraries. Information Technology and Libraries (Online), 39(4), 1-21.
-
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science, 46 (2), 186-204.
-
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (1996). A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451-481.
-
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(5), 328-376.
-
Vimalkumar, M., Sharma, S. K., Singh, J. B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). ‘Okay google, what about my privacy?’: User's privacy perceptions and acceptance of voice based digital assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106763.
-
Whang, C., & Im, H. (2021). " I Like Your Suggestion!" the role of humanlikeness and parasocial relationship on the website versus voice shopper's perception of recommendations. Psychology & Marketing, 38(4), 581-595.
-
Wirtz, J., Patterson, P.G., Kunz, W.H., Gruber, T., Lu, V.N., Paluch, S. & Martins, A. (2018). Brave new world: service robots in the frontline. Journal of Service Management, 29(5), 907-931.
-
Wollerton, M. (2019). Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri will get smarter this year. Here’s how. CNet. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.cnet.com/news/alexa-vs-google-assistant-vs-siri- the-state-of-voice-after-google-io-and-wwdc-2019/
-
Wu, K. W., Huang, S. Y., Yen, D. C., & Popova, I. (2012). The effect of online privacy policy on consumer privacy concern and trust. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 889-897.
-
Yang, H., & Lee, H. (2019). Understanding user behavior of virtual personal assistant devices. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 17(1), 65-87.
-
Yılmaz, M. B., & Rızvanoğlu, K. (2021). Understanding users’ behavioral intention to use voice assistants on smartphones through the integrated model of user satisfaction and technology acceptance: a survey approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology.
-
Zaineldeen, S., Hongbo, L., Koffi, A. L., & Hassan, B. M. A. (2020). Technology acceptance model' concepts, contribution, limitation, and adoption in education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11), 5061-5071.
-
Zhong, R., Ma, M., Zhou, Y., Lin, Q., Li, L., & Zhang, N. (2024). User acceptance of smart home voice assistant: a comparison among younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23(1), 275-292.
THE STRANGER IN MY POCKET: A RESEARCH ON THE INTENTION TO USE DIGITAL VOICE ASSISTANTS
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 20 Sayı: 80, 603 - 626
Ece Özer Çizer
,
Şirin Gizem Köse
,
Zeki Atıl Bulut
Öz
Artificial intelligence-driven digital voice assistants (DVAs) collect, use, and store user data to optimize the user experience. This function of digital assistants leads to privacy concerns, whereas brand trust becomes a mitigating factor in accepting digital voice assistants. Therefore, this study utilizes Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and extends the model by integrating privacy concern and brand trust. Data were collected from participants with tools integrated with DVAs and analyzed via structural equation modeling. Results demonstrate that privacy concern has a negative role, while perceived ease of use, brand trust, perceived usefulness, and attitude have positive roles in determining the usage intention of digital voice assistants. The findings also underline that privacy concern is the most important predictor of the intention to use DVAs and brand trust decreases privacy concern.
Etik Beyan
"Cebimdeki Yabancı: Dijital Sesli Asistaniara Yönelik Bir Çalışma" adlı çalışma ve bu çalışmada kullanılacak veri
toplama araçları ve yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgilerde etiğe aykırı herhangi bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi
Kaynakça
-
Acikgoz, F., & Vega, R. P. (2022). The role of privacy cynicism in consumer habits with voice assistants: a Technology Acceptance Model perspective. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-15.
-
Acikgoz, F., Perez‐Vega, R., Okumus, F., & Stylos, N. (2023). Consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants: A behavioral reasoning perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 40(11), 2226-2243.
-
Ahn, H. (2023). Unrevealing voice search behaviors: Technology acceptance model meets anthropomorphism in understanding consumer psychology in the US market. Sustainability, 15(23), 16455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316455
-
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
-
Al Shamsi, J. H., Al-Emran, M., & Shaalan, K. (2022). Understanding key drivers affecting students’ use of artificial intelligence-based voice assistants. Education and Information Technologies, 1-21.
-
Almeida, V., Furtado, E. S., & Furtado, V. (2020). Personal digital assistants: the need for governance. IEEE Internet Computing, 24(6), 59-64.
-
Anayat, S., Rasool, G., and Pathania, A. (2023). Examining the context-specific reasons and adoption of artificial intelligence-based voice assistants: A behavioural reasoning theory approach. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(5), 1885–1910. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12963
-
Anniappa, D., & Kim, Y. (2021, January). Security and privacy issues with virtual private voice assistants. In 2021 IEEE 11th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) (pp. 0702-0708). IEEE.
-
Augustin, Y., Carolus, A., Wienrich, C. (2022). Privacy of AI-Based Voice Assistants: Understanding the Users’ Perspective. In: Salvendy, G., Wei, J. (eds) Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13337. (pp. 309-321). Springer, Cham.
-
Aw, E. C. X., Tan, G. W. H., Cham, T. H., Raman, R., & Ooi, K. B. (2022). Alexa, what's on my shopping list? Transforming customer experience with digital voice assistants. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121711.
-
Becerra, E. P., & Badrinarayanan, V. (2013). The influence of brand trust and brand identification on brand evangelism. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 371-383.
-
Botelho, B. (2022, December). Virtual assistant (AI assistant). Techtarget. Retrieved March 4, 2023, from ttps://www.techtarget.com/searchcustomerexperience/definition/virtual-assistant-AI-assistant
-
Burbach, L., Halbach, P., Plettenberg, N., Nakayama, J., Ziefle, M., & Valdez, A. C. (2019, July). " Hey, Siri"," Ok, Google"," Alexa". Acceptance-Relevant Factors of Virtual Voice-Assistants. In 2019 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm) (pp. 101-111). IEEE.
-
Buteau, E., & Lee, J. (2021). Hey Alexa, why do we use voice assistants? The driving factors of voice assistant technology use. Communication Research Reports, 38(5), 336-345.
-
Cai, R., Cain, L. N., & Jeon, H. (2022). Customers' perceptions of hotel AI-enabled voice assistants: does brand matter? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (ahead-of-print), 2807-2831.
-
Carnevale, M., Loureiro, Y. K., & Kabadayi, S. (2018). Customer value creation for risky products: The role of brand trust and trusting beliefs. Journal of Creating Value, 4(1), 1-21.
-
Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2002). Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect. Journal of Brand Management, 10(1), 33-58.
-
Chen, M.Y., & Ching, I.T. (2013). A comprehensive model of the effects of online store image on purchase intention in an e-commerce environment. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 1–23.
-
Chen, S. C., Shing-Han, L., & Chien-Yi, L. (2011). Recent related research in technology acceptance model: A literature review. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 124.
-
Choi, T. R. & Drumwright, M. E. (2021). OK, Google, why do I use you? Motivations, post-consumption evaluations, and perceptions of voice AI assistants. Telematics and Informatics, 62, 101628.
-
de Blanes Sebastián, M. G., Guede, J. R. S., & Antonovica, A. (2022). Application and extension of the UTAUT2 model for determining behavioral intention factors in use of the artificial intelligence virtual assistants. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
-
de Cosmo, L. M., Piper, L., & Di Vittorio, A. (2021). The role of attitude toward chatbots and privacy concern on the relationship between attitude toward mobile advertising and behavioral intent to use chatbots. Italian Journal of Marketing, 2021(1), 83-102.
-
Demaeght, A., Nerb, J., Müller, A. (2022). A Survey-Based Study to Identify User Annoyances of German Voice Assistant Users. In: Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Siau, K. (eds) HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13327, (pp. 261-271), Springer, Cham.
-
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social Cognition, 25(5), 582.
-
Ewers, K., & Baier, D. (2020). UGA or TAM: Which approach explains digital voice assistant acceptance better? Archives of Data Science, Series A, KIT Scientific Publishing, 6(2), 1-19.
-
Ewers, K., Baier, D. & Höhn, N. (2020). Siri, do I like you? Digital voice assistants and their acceptance by consumers. Journal of Service Management Research, 4(1), 52-66.
-
Fernandes, T., & Oliveira, E. (2021). Understanding consumers’ acceptance of automated technologies in service encounters: Drivers of digital voice assistants adoption. Journal of Business Research, 122, 180-191.
-
Foehr, J., & Germelmann, C. C. (2020). Alexa, can I trust you? Exploring consumer paths to trust in smart voice-interaction technologies. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 5(2), 181-205.
-
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
-
Fournier, S., & Yao, J. L. (1997). Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of research in Marketing, 14(5), 451-472.
-
Fowler, G. A. (2018). I live with Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri. Here’s which one you should pick. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/11/21/i-live-with-alexa-google-assistant-siri-heres-which-you-should-pick/ Gardiner, B. (2018, June 6). Private smarts: Can digital assistants work without prying into our lives?. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/private-smarts-can-digital-assistants-work-without-prying-into-our-lives/ Graf, E., & Zessinger, D. (2022). Alexa, know your limits: developing a framework for the accepted and desired degree of product smartness for digital voice assistants. SN Business & Economics, 2(6), 1-33.
-
Guha, A., Bressgott, T., Grewal, D., Mahr, D., Wetzels, M., & Schweiger, E. (2022). How artificiality and intelligence affect voice assistant evaluations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-24.
-
Guzman, A. L. (2018), “Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants”, Computers in Human Behavior, In Press, 343-350.
-
Guzman, A.L. (2019). Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 343-350.
-
Hair, Joseph F., G. Tomas M. Huit, Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt (2017), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
-
Hasan, M. R., Shams, S. R., Rahman, M., & Haque, S. E. (2020). Analysing pro-poor innovation acceptance by income segments. Management Decision, 1663-1674.
-
Hernandez‐Ortega, B., & Ferreira, I. (2021). How smart experiences build service loyalty: The importance of consumer love for smart voice assistants. Psychology & Marketing, 38(7), 1122-1139.
-
Hess, T. J., McNab, A. L., & Basoglu, K. A. (2014). Reliability generalization of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intentions. Mis Quarterly, 38(1), 1-28.
-
Hoy, M. B. (2018). Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and more: an introduction to voice assistants. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 37(1), 81-88.
-
Hsieh, S. H., & Lee, C. T. (2021). Hey Alexa: examining the effect of perceived socialness in usage intentions of AI assistant-enabled smart speaker. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 267-294.
-
Hsieh, S.H. and Lee, C.T. (2024), "The AI humanness: how perceived personality builds trust and continuous usage intention", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2023-4797
-
Jain, S., Basu, S., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Kaur, S. (2022). Interactive voice assistants–Does brand credibility assuage privacy risks?. Journal of Business Research, 139, 701-717.
-
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15-25.
-
Kasilingam, D. L. (2020). Understanding the attitude and intention to use smartphone chatbots for shopping. Technology in Society, 62, 101280.
-
Kim, C., Mirusmonov, M., & Lee, I. (2010). An empirical examination of factors influencing the intention to use mobile payment. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 310-322.
-
Kim, J. B. (2012). An empirical study on consumer first purchase intention in online shopping: integrating initial trust and TAM. Electronic Commerce Research, 12(2), 125-150.
-
Kowalczuk, P. (2018). Consumer acceptance of smart speakers: a mixed methods approach. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 418-431.
-
Kowalski, R. (2020). The emerging tech that is shaping the industry. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.ces.tech/Articles/2020/The-Emerging-Tech-That-Is-Shaping -the-Industry.aspx.
-
Lee, K., Lee, K. Y., & Sheehan, L. (2020). Hey Alexa! A magic spell of social glue?: Sharing a smart voice assistant speaker and its impact on users’ perception of group harmony. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(3), 563-583.
-
Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 40(3), 191-204
-
Lenzner, T. And Höhne, J.K. (2022). Who is willing to use audio and voice inputs in smartphones surveys, and Why? International Journal of Market Research, 64(5): 594-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853221084213
-
Lucia-Palacios, L., & Pérez-López, R. (2021). Effects of Home Voice Assistants' Autonomy on Instrusiveness and Usefulness: Direct, Indirect, and Moderating Effects of Interactivity. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 56, 41-54.
-
Lunney, A., Cunningham, N. R., & Eastin, M. S. (2016). Wearable fitness technology: A structural investigation into acceptance and perceived fitness outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 114-120.
-
Maduku, D. K., Mpinganjira, M., Rana, N. P., Thusi, P., Ledikwe, A., & Mkhize, N. H. B. (2023). Assessing customer passion, commitment, and word-of-mouth intentions in digital assistant usage: The moderating role of technology anxiety. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 103208.
-
Malodia, S., Islam, N., Kaur, P., & Dhir, A. (2021). Why do people use Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled voice assistants?. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1-15.
-
Malodia, S., Ferraris, A., Sakashita, M., Dhir, A., & Gavurova, B. (2023). Can Alexa serve customers better? AI-driven voice assistant service interactions. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(1), 25-39.
-
Mani, Z., & Chouk, I. (2017). Drivers of consumers’ resistance to smart products. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(1-2), 76-97.
-
Manikonda, L., Deotale, A., & Kambhampati, S. (2018, December). What's up with privacy? User preferences and privacy concerns in intelligent personal assistants. In Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 229-235).
-
Marikyan, D., Papagiannidis, S., Rana, O. F., Ranjan, R., & Morgan, G. (2022). “Alexa, let’s talk about my productivity”: The impact of digital assistants on work productivity. Journal of Business Research, 142, 572-584.
-
Marangunić, N., & Granić, A. (2015). Technology acceptance model: a literature review from 1986 to 2013. Universal Access in The Information Society, 14(1), 81-95.
-
McLean, G., & Osei-Frimpong, K. (2019). Hey Alexa… examine the variables influencing the use of artificial intelligent in-home voice assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 28-37.
-
McLean, G., Osei-Frimpong, K., & Barhorst, J. (2021). Alexa, do voice assistants influence consumer brand engagement?–Examining the role of AI powered voice assistants in influencing consumer brand engagement. Journal of Business Research, 124, 312-328.
-
Mishra, A., Shukla, A., & Sharma, S. K. (2021). Psychological determinants of users’ adoption and word-of-mouth recommendations of smart voice assistants. International Journal of Information Management, 10241, 1-14.
-
Moon, J. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217-230.
-
Moorthy, A., & Vu, K. P. L. (2015). Privacy concerns for use of voice activated personal assistant in the public space. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(4), 307-335.
-
Moslehpour, M., Pham, V.K., Wong, W.-K. and Bilgiçli, İ. (2018). e-purchase intention of Taiwanese consumers: Sustainable mediation of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Sustainability, 10, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010234
-
Orr, D. A., & Sanchez, L. (2018). Alexa, did you get that? Determining the evidentiary value of data stored by the Amazon® Echo. Digit. Investig., 24, 72-78.
-
Ostrom, A. L., Fotheringham, D., & Bitner, M. J. (2019). Customer acceptance of AI in service encounters: understanding antecedents and consequences. In Handbook of Service Science, Volume II (pp. 77-103). Springer, Cham.
-
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., Razzaque, M.A., & Funilkul, S. (2020). To trust or not-trust: Privacy issues with voice assistants. IT Professional, 22(5), 46-53.
-
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., & Razzaque, M. A. (2020). Personal information disclosure via voice assistants: the personalization–privacy paradox. SN Computer Science, 1(5), 1-17.
-
Pal, D., Babakerkhell, M. D., & Zhang, X. (2021). Exploring the determinants of users’ continuance usage intention of smart voice assistants. IEEE Access, 9, 162259-162275.
-
Park, E. S., & Park, M. S. (2020). Factors of the technology acceptance model for construction IT. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8299.
-
Pal, D., Babakerkhell, M. D., & Roy, P. (2022). How Perceptions of Trust and Intrusiveness Affect the Adoption of Voice Activated Personal Assistants. IEEE Access.
-
Pitardi, V., & Marriott, H. R. (2021). Alexa, she's not human but… Unveiling the drivers of consumers' trust in voice‐based artificial intelligence. Psychology & Marketing, 38(4), 626-642.
-
Portal, S., Abratt, R., & Bendixen, M. (2019). The role of brand authenticity in developing brand trust. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(8), 714-729.
-
Saffarizadeh, K., Boodraj, M., & Alashoor, T. M. (2017, December). Conversational Assistants: Investigating Privacy Concerns, Trust, and Self-Disclosure. In ICIS.
-
Santander (August 11,2022). Everything you need tı know about voice assistants. Retrived April 4, 2023 from https://www.santander.com/en/stories/everything-you-need-to-know-about-voice-assistants
-
Schultz, C. & Brüggemann, P. (2021). Acceptance of Digital Voice Assistants for Grocery Shopping. Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, 50th. Annual EMAC Conference, Madrid, May 25-28, 94494, Retrived December 4, 2022, from http://proceedings.emac-online.org/pdfs/A2021-94494.pdf
-
Setiawati, E., Trisnawati, R. and Diana, U. (2019). The analysis of acceptance of hospital information management system (hims) using technology acceptance model method. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 4(2), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v4i2.8652
-
Sharif, K., & Tenbergen, B. (2020). Smart home voice assistants: a literature survey of user privacy and security vulnerabilities. Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, (24), 15-30.
-
Shin, D., Zhong, B., & Biocca, F. A. (2020). Beyond user experience: What constitutes algorithmic experiences?. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 102061
-
Song, Y., Yang, Y., & Cheng, P. (2022). The Investigation of Adoption of Voice-User Interface (VUI) in Smart Home Systems among Chinese Older Adults. Sensors, 22(4), 1614.
-
Soper, D.S. (2022). A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software]. Retrieved Feb 14, 2022, from https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
-
Sweeney, M. E., & Davis, E. (2020). Alexa, are you listening? An exploration of smart voice assistant use and privacy in libraries. Information Technology and Libraries (Online), 39(4), 1-21.
-
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science, 46 (2), 186-204.
-
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (1996). A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451-481.
-
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(5), 328-376.
-
Vimalkumar, M., Sharma, S. K., Singh, J. B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). ‘Okay google, what about my privacy?’: User's privacy perceptions and acceptance of voice based digital assistants. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106763.
-
Whang, C., & Im, H. (2021). " I Like Your Suggestion!" the role of humanlikeness and parasocial relationship on the website versus voice shopper's perception of recommendations. Psychology & Marketing, 38(4), 581-595.
-
Wirtz, J., Patterson, P.G., Kunz, W.H., Gruber, T., Lu, V.N., Paluch, S. & Martins, A. (2018). Brave new world: service robots in the frontline. Journal of Service Management, 29(5), 907-931.
-
Wollerton, M. (2019). Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri will get smarter this year. Here’s how. CNet. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.cnet.com/news/alexa-vs-google-assistant-vs-siri- the-state-of-voice-after-google-io-and-wwdc-2019/
-
Wu, K. W., Huang, S. Y., Yen, D. C., & Popova, I. (2012). The effect of online privacy policy on consumer privacy concern and trust. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 889-897.
-
Yang, H., & Lee, H. (2019). Understanding user behavior of virtual personal assistant devices. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 17(1), 65-87.
-
Yılmaz, M. B., & Rızvanoğlu, K. (2021). Understanding users’ behavioral intention to use voice assistants on smartphones through the integrated model of user satisfaction and technology acceptance: a survey approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology.
-
Zaineldeen, S., Hongbo, L., Koffi, A. L., & Hassan, B. M. A. (2020). Technology acceptance model' concepts, contribution, limitation, and adoption in education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11), 5061-5071.
-
Zhong, R., Ma, M., Zhou, Y., Lin, Q., Li, L., & Zhang, N. (2024). User acceptance of smart home voice assistant: a comparison among younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23(1), 275-292.