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Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 894 - 921, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677

Abstract

References

  • Abū Ghudda, ꜥAbd al-Fattāḥ. Masʾalat Khalq al-Qur’an. Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbuꜥāt al-Islāmiyya, n.d.
  • Ahsan, Abbas. “The Logical Inconsistence in Making Sense of an Ineffable God of Islam.” Philotheos, no. 20.1 (2020): 68–116.
  • Anṣārī, Abu l-Qāsim al-. Sharḥ Al-Irshād. Edited by Khaled al-Adwani. 3 vols. Kuwait: Dar al-Diya, 2022.
  • Ashʿarī, Abu’l-Hasan al-. Maqālāt Al-Islāmiyyīn. Edited by Helmut Ritter. 3rd ed. Wiesbaden: German Orientalist Society, 1980.
  • ASC, AbuSulaymean Center for Global Islamic Studies/The Maydan. “Classical Kalām and the Laws of Logic”. Access 1 July 2022. https://themaydan.com/2021/04/classical-kalam-and-the-laws-of-logic/
  • Aslan, Ibrahim. “Meta-Entity (Al-Ghayr) and Its Value Metaphysics in al-Māturīdī.” Ilahiyat Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 79–110.
  • Azharī, Abu Mansur al-. Tahdhīb Al-Lugha. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 15 vols. Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyya lil-Ta’lif wal-Tarjama, n.d.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Kitāb Uṣūl Al-Dīn. Istanbul: Maṭbaꜥat al-Dawla, 1928.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Al-Asmāʾ Wa-l-Ṣifāt. Edited by Anas Sharafawi. 3 vols. Damascus: Dar al-Taqwa, 2020.
  • Baghdādī, Iyār Al-Naẓar Fī Ꜥilm al-Jadal. Edited by Aḥmad ꜥArrūbī. Kuwait: Asfār, 2019.
  • Balkhī, Abū l-Qāsim al-. Kitab Al-Maqālāt Wa Maꜥahu ꜤUyūn al-Masāil Wa l-Jawābāt. Edited by Husayn Khansu. Amman: Dar al-Fath & Kuramer Center for Quranic Studies, 2018.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr al-. Al-Inṣāf. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2000.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr. Al-Tamhīd. Edited by R. J. McCarthy. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Sharqiyya, 1957.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. “Al-Maturidi and Atomism.” Ulum Dini Tetkikler Dergisi 2, no. 2 (December 2019): 223–64.
  • Bulgen, “The Power of Language in the Classical Period of Kalām.” Nazariyat 5, no. 1 (May 2019): 37–82.
  • Damamini, al-Imam Muhammad al-. Sharh Mughni Al-Labib. Edited by Ahmad Izzu Inaya. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Tarikh al-’Arabi, 2007.
  • Al-Farrāʾ, Abu Zakariyya. Maʿāni Al-Qur’ān. Edited by Ahmad Najati and Muhammad Najjar. Cairo: Maṭbaꜥat Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, 1955.
  • Fayyūmī, Ahmad al-. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan Nashirun, 2001.
  • Harvey, Ramon. Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  • Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. Mujarrad Maqālāt Al-Ashꜥarī. Edited by Daniel Gimaret. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1987.
  • Ibn Hishām. Mughnī Al-Labib. Edited by M. M. ʿAbdulhamid. 2 vols. Beirut: Al-Maktaba al-ꜥAṣriyya, 2007.
  • Ibn Mālik, Jamal al-Din. Sharḥ Al-Tashīl. Edited by Abd al-Rahman al-Sayyid. 1st ed. 4 vols. Imbaba: Hajr, 1990.
  • Ibn Manẓūr al-Anṣārī al-Ruwayfiꜥī, Abu l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ꜥAlī. Lisān Al-ꜤArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1998.
  • Ibn Qutayba. Al-Ikhtilāf Fil-Lafẓ. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2001.
  • al-Jawharī, Ismāʿīl b. Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-ʿilm lil-malāyīn, 1979.
  • Jubbāʾī, Abū ꜥAlī al-. Kitāb Al-Maqālāt. Edited by Özkan Şimşek, A. İskender Sarıca, Yusuf Arıkaner. Istanbul: Endülüs Yayınları, 2018.
  • Juwaynī, ꜥAbd al-Malik al-. Al-Irshād Ilā Qawāṭiꜥ al-Adilla Fī Uṣūl al-Iꜥtiqād. Edited by M. Yūsuf Idrīs. Amman: Dār al-Nūr, 2016.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by ꜥAlī Sāmī al-Nashshār. Alexandria: Manshaʾat al-Maꜥārif, 1969.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by Richard M. Frank. Tehran: McGill University and Tehran University, 1981.
  • Mālaqī, Ahmad al-. Raṣf Al-Mabānī Fi Sharḥ Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Ahmad al-Kharrat. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam, 2002.
  • Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr al-. Kitab Al-Tawhid. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Muhammed Aruçi. Beirut: Dar Sader, 2001.
  • Al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt Ahl Al-Sunna. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Ahmed Vanlıoğlu. 18 vols. Istanbul: Mizan Yayınevi, 2005.
  • Murādī, al-Hasan al-. Al-Jana al-Dānī Fi Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Fakhr al-Din Qabawa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ꜥIlmiyya, 1992.
  • Sībawayh. Al-Kitab. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 5 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 1988.
  • al-Ṭaḥāwī. The Creed of Imam Al-Ṭaḥāwī. Translated by Hamza Yusuf Hanson. Berkeley: Zaytuna, 2008.
  • Zabīdī, Al-Sayyid Muḥammad Murtaḍā al-. Tāj Al-Ꜥarūs Min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Irshād wa al-Anbā, 1965.

Gayr Kavramının Dilsel ve Istılahî Anlamları ve Klasik Kelâmın İlâhî Sıfatlar Anlayışına Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 894 - 921, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677

Abstract

Klasik Sünnî kelâmın sıfatların ‘ne Tanrı’nın aynı ne de Tanrı'dan ayrı' olduğunu iddia eden ilâhî sıfatlar teorisi, üçüncü halin imkansızlığı yasasının inkarı anlamına gelecek şekilde yorumlanmıştır. Nitekim bu iddiada olan yazarlar, böyle bir teoriyi dışarıda bırakacak şekilde yeni bir kelâm inşa etme iddiasındadır. Yazar, böyle bir iddiayı kendinde anlamsız görmekle birlikte, klasik kelâm nazariyesinde de bir temeli olmadığını iddia etmektedir. Bu makale, ‘gayr’ın anlamı hakkında ayrıntılı bir inceleme sunmakta ve birçok metinsel kanıtla, klasik ilâhî sıfatlar teorisinin yalnızca özdeşliğin ve ilâhî zâttan ayrılabilirliğin inkarı anlamına geldiğini öne sürmektedir. Bu makale, gayr teriminin metafizik, teoloji ve doğa felsefesi bağlamlarında da geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. “Bir şey bir diğerinin ne aynı ne de ayrıdır” formülü, bir öznenin kendisinden zorunlu ve ayrılmaz olan herhangi bir özelliğine eşit şekilde uygulanır. Bir diğer ifade ile söz konusu ilke, mümkün varlıklar için de aynı şekilde geçerlidir. Araştırma “gayr” kavramının Arap dilbiliminde aslî olarak olumsuzlama anlamına gelmediğini, aslında bir sıfat olduğunu ve aynı zamanda istisnaî cümle oluşturma işlevi gördüğünü iddia eden dilbilimsel bir tartışmayla başlamaktadır. Bu da ilâhî sıfatlara ilişkin ilkenin, temel dilbilimsel düzeyde bile üçüncü halin imkânsızlığı anlamına gelmediğini kanıtlamaktadır. Akabinde “gayr” kavramı kelâmî n. Söz konusu inceleme kendisini herhangi bir ekolle sınırlı değildir, ancak inceleme dört ana kaynağa dayanmaktadır: (1) Mu'tezileden Ka‘bî'nin Makâlât'ı; (2) Eş‘arî'nin Makâlât'ı ve (3) Mâtürîdî'nin Kitâbu't-Tevhîd ve (4) Te’vîlât. Bazı yazarların Mâtürîdî'nin üçüncü halin imkânsızlığı yasasının inkârını îmâ eden özgün bir duruşa sahip olduğunu iddia etmeleri nedeniyle, sonuncusu üzerinde daha fazla duruldu. Böylesi bir ilkenin mantık yasalarının inkârını îmâ ettiğine dair hiçbir belirti yoktur. Aksini iddia edenler, böyle mantıksız bir görüş için felsefi gerekçelendirme bir yana, yorumları için herhangi bir dilbilimsel veya metinsel kanıt bile sunamamıştır.

References

  • Abū Ghudda, ꜥAbd al-Fattāḥ. Masʾalat Khalq al-Qur’an. Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbuꜥāt al-Islāmiyya, n.d.
  • Ahsan, Abbas. “The Logical Inconsistence in Making Sense of an Ineffable God of Islam.” Philotheos, no. 20.1 (2020): 68–116.
  • Anṣārī, Abu l-Qāsim al-. Sharḥ Al-Irshād. Edited by Khaled al-Adwani. 3 vols. Kuwait: Dar al-Diya, 2022.
  • Ashʿarī, Abu’l-Hasan al-. Maqālāt Al-Islāmiyyīn. Edited by Helmut Ritter. 3rd ed. Wiesbaden: German Orientalist Society, 1980.
  • ASC, AbuSulaymean Center for Global Islamic Studies/The Maydan. “Classical Kalām and the Laws of Logic”. Access 1 July 2022. https://themaydan.com/2021/04/classical-kalam-and-the-laws-of-logic/
  • Aslan, Ibrahim. “Meta-Entity (Al-Ghayr) and Its Value Metaphysics in al-Māturīdī.” Ilahiyat Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 79–110.
  • Azharī, Abu Mansur al-. Tahdhīb Al-Lugha. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 15 vols. Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyya lil-Ta’lif wal-Tarjama, n.d.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Kitāb Uṣūl Al-Dīn. Istanbul: Maṭbaꜥat al-Dawla, 1928.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Al-Asmāʾ Wa-l-Ṣifāt. Edited by Anas Sharafawi. 3 vols. Damascus: Dar al-Taqwa, 2020.
  • Baghdādī, Iyār Al-Naẓar Fī Ꜥilm al-Jadal. Edited by Aḥmad ꜥArrūbī. Kuwait: Asfār, 2019.
  • Balkhī, Abū l-Qāsim al-. Kitab Al-Maqālāt Wa Maꜥahu ꜤUyūn al-Masāil Wa l-Jawābāt. Edited by Husayn Khansu. Amman: Dar al-Fath & Kuramer Center for Quranic Studies, 2018.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr al-. Al-Inṣāf. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2000.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr. Al-Tamhīd. Edited by R. J. McCarthy. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Sharqiyya, 1957.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. “Al-Maturidi and Atomism.” Ulum Dini Tetkikler Dergisi 2, no. 2 (December 2019): 223–64.
  • Bulgen, “The Power of Language in the Classical Period of Kalām.” Nazariyat 5, no. 1 (May 2019): 37–82.
  • Damamini, al-Imam Muhammad al-. Sharh Mughni Al-Labib. Edited by Ahmad Izzu Inaya. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Tarikh al-’Arabi, 2007.
  • Al-Farrāʾ, Abu Zakariyya. Maʿāni Al-Qur’ān. Edited by Ahmad Najati and Muhammad Najjar. Cairo: Maṭbaꜥat Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, 1955.
  • Fayyūmī, Ahmad al-. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan Nashirun, 2001.
  • Harvey, Ramon. Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  • Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. Mujarrad Maqālāt Al-Ashꜥarī. Edited by Daniel Gimaret. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1987.
  • Ibn Hishām. Mughnī Al-Labib. Edited by M. M. ʿAbdulhamid. 2 vols. Beirut: Al-Maktaba al-ꜥAṣriyya, 2007.
  • Ibn Mālik, Jamal al-Din. Sharḥ Al-Tashīl. Edited by Abd al-Rahman al-Sayyid. 1st ed. 4 vols. Imbaba: Hajr, 1990.
  • Ibn Manẓūr al-Anṣārī al-Ruwayfiꜥī, Abu l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ꜥAlī. Lisān Al-ꜤArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1998.
  • Ibn Qutayba. Al-Ikhtilāf Fil-Lafẓ. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2001.
  • al-Jawharī, Ismāʿīl b. Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-ʿilm lil-malāyīn, 1979.
  • Jubbāʾī, Abū ꜥAlī al-. Kitāb Al-Maqālāt. Edited by Özkan Şimşek, A. İskender Sarıca, Yusuf Arıkaner. Istanbul: Endülüs Yayınları, 2018.
  • Juwaynī, ꜥAbd al-Malik al-. Al-Irshād Ilā Qawāṭiꜥ al-Adilla Fī Uṣūl al-Iꜥtiqād. Edited by M. Yūsuf Idrīs. Amman: Dār al-Nūr, 2016.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by ꜥAlī Sāmī al-Nashshār. Alexandria: Manshaʾat al-Maꜥārif, 1969.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by Richard M. Frank. Tehran: McGill University and Tehran University, 1981.
  • Mālaqī, Ahmad al-. Raṣf Al-Mabānī Fi Sharḥ Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Ahmad al-Kharrat. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam, 2002.
  • Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr al-. Kitab Al-Tawhid. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Muhammed Aruçi. Beirut: Dar Sader, 2001.
  • Al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt Ahl Al-Sunna. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Ahmed Vanlıoğlu. 18 vols. Istanbul: Mizan Yayınevi, 2005.
  • Murādī, al-Hasan al-. Al-Jana al-Dānī Fi Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Fakhr al-Din Qabawa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ꜥIlmiyya, 1992.
  • Sībawayh. Al-Kitab. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 5 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 1988.
  • al-Ṭaḥāwī. The Creed of Imam Al-Ṭaḥāwī. Translated by Hamza Yusuf Hanson. Berkeley: Zaytuna, 2008.
  • Zabīdī, Al-Sayyid Muḥammad Murtaḍā al-. Tāj Al-Ꜥarūs Min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Irshād wa al-Anbā, 1965.

On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 894 - 921, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677

Abstract

Some writers have suggested that the classical Sunni kalām theory of divine attributes, which states that the attributes are 'neither God' nor 'other than God,' should be interpreted to mean a denial of the law of excluded middle. Some also seek to build a new kalām without such a principle. Although the author holds such a view to be unintelligible on its own grounds, it also has no basis in the classical kalām theory. This paper shall present a detailed investigation into the meaning of ghayr, and demonstrate, with ample textual evidence, that the classical theory of divine attributes only means a denial of identity along with the denial of metaphysical separability from the divine essence. This paper demonstrates how the term ghayr applies in contexts of metaphysics, theology, and natural philosophy as well. The formula that ‘something is not identical with’ nor ‘other than’ is applied equally to any property of a subject which is necessary and inseparable from it. That is, it applies equally to created beings as well. The paper shall begin with a linguistic discussion of the term ghayr, in order to demonstrate that it is not a negation in the Arabic language, but actually an adjective which also functions to form an exceptive clause. This proves that the formula on the divine attributes does not imply a rejection of excluded middle even at the basic linguistic level. Then the paper will discuss the term ghayr in technical contexts. This discussion does not limit itself to any school, but the discussion is based on four main sources: (1) the Maqālāt of al-Kaʿbī of the Muʿtazilī school; (2) the Maqālāt of al-Ashʿarī, (3) the Kitāb al-Tawḥīd and (4) the Taʾwīlāt of al-Māturīdī. Much attention is given to the latter because of claims by some that Māturīdī has a unique position on ghayriyya which implies the rejection of the law of excluded middle. There is no indication at all that such a formula implied a denial of the laws of logic. Claims to the contrary have failed to provide any linguistic or textual evidence for their interpretation, let alone philosophical justification for such a farfetched view.

Thanks

I would like to thank Hasan Korkmaz, Hamzah Maqbul, and Zakaria El Houbba for their corrections and suggestions.

References

  • Abū Ghudda, ꜥAbd al-Fattāḥ. Masʾalat Khalq al-Qur’an. Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbuꜥāt al-Islāmiyya, n.d.
  • Ahsan, Abbas. “The Logical Inconsistence in Making Sense of an Ineffable God of Islam.” Philotheos, no. 20.1 (2020): 68–116.
  • Anṣārī, Abu l-Qāsim al-. Sharḥ Al-Irshād. Edited by Khaled al-Adwani. 3 vols. Kuwait: Dar al-Diya, 2022.
  • Ashʿarī, Abu’l-Hasan al-. Maqālāt Al-Islāmiyyīn. Edited by Helmut Ritter. 3rd ed. Wiesbaden: German Orientalist Society, 1980.
  • ASC, AbuSulaymean Center for Global Islamic Studies/The Maydan. “Classical Kalām and the Laws of Logic”. Access 1 July 2022. https://themaydan.com/2021/04/classical-kalam-and-the-laws-of-logic/
  • Aslan, Ibrahim. “Meta-Entity (Al-Ghayr) and Its Value Metaphysics in al-Māturīdī.” Ilahiyat Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 79–110.
  • Azharī, Abu Mansur al-. Tahdhīb Al-Lugha. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 15 vols. Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyya lil-Ta’lif wal-Tarjama, n.d.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Kitāb Uṣūl Al-Dīn. Istanbul: Maṭbaꜥat al-Dawla, 1928.
  • Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ꜥAbd al-Qāhir al-. Al-Asmāʾ Wa-l-Ṣifāt. Edited by Anas Sharafawi. 3 vols. Damascus: Dar al-Taqwa, 2020.
  • Baghdādī, Iyār Al-Naẓar Fī Ꜥilm al-Jadal. Edited by Aḥmad ꜥArrūbī. Kuwait: Asfār, 2019.
  • Balkhī, Abū l-Qāsim al-. Kitab Al-Maqālāt Wa Maꜥahu ꜤUyūn al-Masāil Wa l-Jawābāt. Edited by Husayn Khansu. Amman: Dar al-Fath & Kuramer Center for Quranic Studies, 2018.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr al-. Al-Inṣāf. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2000.
  • Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr. Al-Tamhīd. Edited by R. J. McCarthy. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Sharqiyya, 1957.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. “Al-Maturidi and Atomism.” Ulum Dini Tetkikler Dergisi 2, no. 2 (December 2019): 223–64.
  • Bulgen, “The Power of Language in the Classical Period of Kalām.” Nazariyat 5, no. 1 (May 2019): 37–82.
  • Damamini, al-Imam Muhammad al-. Sharh Mughni Al-Labib. Edited by Ahmad Izzu Inaya. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Tarikh al-’Arabi, 2007.
  • Al-Farrāʾ, Abu Zakariyya. Maʿāni Al-Qur’ān. Edited by Ahmad Najati and Muhammad Najjar. Cairo: Maṭbaꜥat Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, 1955.
  • Fayyūmī, Ahmad al-. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan Nashirun, 2001.
  • Harvey, Ramon. Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  • Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. Mujarrad Maqālāt Al-Ashꜥarī. Edited by Daniel Gimaret. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1987.
  • Ibn Hishām. Mughnī Al-Labib. Edited by M. M. ʿAbdulhamid. 2 vols. Beirut: Al-Maktaba al-ꜥAṣriyya, 2007.
  • Ibn Mālik, Jamal al-Din. Sharḥ Al-Tashīl. Edited by Abd al-Rahman al-Sayyid. 1st ed. 4 vols. Imbaba: Hajr, 1990.
  • Ibn Manẓūr al-Anṣārī al-Ruwayfiꜥī, Abu l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ꜥAlī. Lisān Al-ꜤArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1998.
  • Ibn Qutayba. Al-Ikhtilāf Fil-Lafẓ. Edited by Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawthari. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya lil-Turath, 2001.
  • al-Jawharī, Ismāʿīl b. Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-ʿilm lil-malāyīn, 1979.
  • Jubbāʾī, Abū ꜥAlī al-. Kitāb Al-Maqālāt. Edited by Özkan Şimşek, A. İskender Sarıca, Yusuf Arıkaner. Istanbul: Endülüs Yayınları, 2018.
  • Juwaynī, ꜥAbd al-Malik al-. Al-Irshād Ilā Qawāṭiꜥ al-Adilla Fī Uṣūl al-Iꜥtiqād. Edited by M. Yūsuf Idrīs. Amman: Dār al-Nūr, 2016.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by ꜥAlī Sāmī al-Nashshār. Alexandria: Manshaʾat al-Maꜥārif, 1969.
  • Juwaynī, Al-Shāmil Fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. Edited by Richard M. Frank. Tehran: McGill University and Tehran University, 1981.
  • Mālaqī, Ahmad al-. Raṣf Al-Mabānī Fi Sharḥ Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Ahmad al-Kharrat. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam, 2002.
  • Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr al-. Kitab Al-Tawhid. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Muhammed Aruçi. Beirut: Dar Sader, 2001.
  • Al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt Ahl Al-Sunna. Edited by Bekir Topaloğlu and Ahmed Vanlıoğlu. 18 vols. Istanbul: Mizan Yayınevi, 2005.
  • Murādī, al-Hasan al-. Al-Jana al-Dānī Fi Ḥurūf al-Maʿānī. Edited by Fakhr al-Din Qabawa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ꜥIlmiyya, 1992.
  • Sībawayh. Al-Kitab. Edited by Abdussalam Harun. 5 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 1988.
  • al-Ṭaḥāwī. The Creed of Imam Al-Ṭaḥāwī. Translated by Hamza Yusuf Hanson. Berkeley: Zaytuna, 2008.
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There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdurrahman Ali Mihirig 0000-0002-7892-4719

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date July 15, 2022
Acceptance Date December 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mihirig, A. A. (2022). On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām. Kader, 20(3), 894-921. https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677
AMA Mihirig AA. On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām. Kader. December 2022;20(3):894-921. doi:10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677
Chicago Mihirig, Abdurrahman Ali. “On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām”. Kader 20, no. 3 (December 2022): 894-921. https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677.
EndNote Mihirig AA (December 1, 2022) On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām. Kader 20 3 894–921.
IEEE A. A. Mihirig, “On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām”, Kader, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 894–921, 2022, doi: 10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677.
ISNAD Mihirig, Abdurrahman Ali. “On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām”. Kader 20/3 (December 2022), 894-921. https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677.
JAMA Mihirig AA. On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām. Kader. 2022;20:894–921.
MLA Mihirig, Abdurrahman Ali. “On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām”. Kader, vol. 20, no. 3, 2022, pp. 894-21, doi:10.18317/kaderdergi.1143677.
Vancouver Mihirig AA. On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām. Kader. 2022;20(3):894-921.