Research Article

Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire

Number: 10 October 15, 2025
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Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire

Abstract

This study examines the historical role of comets in astrological interpretations and apocalyptic narratives, as well as their psychological and cultural impact on societies. It aims to explore how the longstanding negative perception of comets—often seen as “omens of catastrophe” or manifestations of “God’s wrath”—was reflected in the modern era, focusing specifically on the return of Halley’s Comet in 1910. The study traces the wave of global hysteria sparked by scientific claims that cyanogen in Halley’s tail might slightly affect the planet. Drawing on periodicals and books from the time, it recounts this symbolic doomsday rehearsal and presents examples from various parts of the world to illustrate how Halley’s Comet was represented across domains such as politics, fashion, economics, and literature. By analyzing the interplay between science, the press, and public perception on a global scale, the study, for the first time, reveals how Halley’s return was interpreted in the Ottoman Empire— an empire engaged in European-style modernization—and how it was strategically utilized within that context. Accordingly, the study argues that such popular natural phenomena were not merely subjects of scientific curiosity, but also served as contested arenas where political legitimacy, social order, and collective emotion were negotiated and redefined.

Keywords

Halley’s Comet, Ottoman Empire, Apocalypse, Modern Science, Press, Imagery

References

  1. Arkadaş. (21 April 1910), 206-208.
  2. Berliner Tageblatt und Handels-Zeitung. (19 May 1910), 1.
  3. Berliner Tageblatt und Handels-Zeitung. (20 May 1910), 1, 4.
  4. Bulletin du Comite de L’Afrique Française. (June 1911), 227.
  5. Cadaloz. (2 September 1911), 3.
  6. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences. 6 June 1910.
  7. Çolpan. (15 April 1910), 2.
  8. Diamond Fields Advertiser. (12 March 1910), 7.
  9. East Persia Reports (1906-1910), Evangelism in Iran: Correspondence of the Board of Foreign
  10. Missions, 1847-1911 (Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions). 195, 761.
APA
Fettahoğlu, K. (2025). Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire. Kadim, 10, 113-144. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1746785
AMA
1.Fettahoğlu K. Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire. Kadim. 2025;(10):113-144. doi:10.54462/kadim.1746785
Chicago
Fettahoğlu, Kübra. 2025. “Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire”. Kadim, nos. 10: 113-44. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1746785.
EndNote
Fettahoğlu K (October 1, 2025) Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire. Kadim 10 113–144.
IEEE
[1]K. Fettahoğlu, “Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire”, Kadim, no. 10, pp. 113–144, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.54462/kadim.1746785.
ISNAD
Fettahoğlu, Kübra. “Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire”. Kadim. 10 (October 1, 2025): 113-144. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1746785.
JAMA
1.Fettahoğlu K. Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire. Kadim. 2025;:113–144.
MLA
Fettahoğlu, Kübra. “Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire”. Kadim, no. 10, Oct. 2025, pp. 113-44, doi:10.54462/kadim.1746785.
Vancouver
1.Kübra Fettahoğlu. Comets As Omens of Catastrophe: Halley’s Return in 1910 and the Ottoman Empire. Kadim. 2025 Oct. 1;(10):113-44. doi:10.54462/kadim.1746785