Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Serkan Göksu

EN TR

Sectoral and Gender Oriented Okun's Law: Empirical Evidence from the CS-ARDL Method for the Fragile Six Countries

Abstract

This study tests Okun's Law using the CS-ARDL method on a sample of six countries with similar macroeconomic vulnerabilities for the period 1991–2024. Unlike previous studies, the effects of sectoral growth rates on unemployment are examined from a gender-focused perspective. The findings reveal that the relationship between growth and unemployment varies by sector and gender. CS-ARDL coefficient estimates indicate that Okun's Law is valid for all types of unemployment in the industrial and service sectors, but only for female unemployment in the agricultural sector. In the long run, the industrial sector is more effective in reducing male unemployment, while the service sector is more effective in reducing female unemployment. However, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test results and long-term coefficients point to slightly different dynamics. The findings highlight that unemployment-reduction policies should not be uniform but rather designed to account for sector- and gender-specific dynamics.

Keywords

Sectoral Growth, Okun's Law, CS-ARDL Method

Supporting Institution

None.

Project Number

yoktur.

Ethical Statement

The data used in this study are secondary, obtained from the World Bank database under an open-access license. The study does not involve any human or animal subjects. Throughout the research process, the guidelines for scientific research and publication ethics of higher education institutions, as well as all relevant ethical principles, were strictly adhered to.

Thanks

None.

Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1991-2024 döneminde benzer makroekonomik kırılganlıklara sahip altı ülkeyi kapsayan bir örneklem üzerinden CS-ARDL yöntemini kullanarak Okun Kanunu’nu test etmektedir. Literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, sektörel büyüme oranlarının işsizlik üzerindeki etkileri cinsiyet odaklı bir yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, büyüme ile işsizlik arasındaki ilişkinin sektöre ve cinsiyete bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. CS-ARDL katsayı tahminleri, Okun Kanunu’nun sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerinde tüm işsizlik türleri için geçerli olduğunu, tarım sektöründe ise yalnızca kadın işsizliği için geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun dönemde sanayi sektörünün erkek işsizliğini azaltmada en baskın sektör olduğu, hizmet sektörünün ise kadın işsizliğini azaltmada sanayiye kıyasla daha yüksek bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik test sonuçları ile uzun dönem katsayıları kısmen farklı dinamiklere işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, işsizlikle mücadele politikalarının tek tip değil, sektör ve cinsiyet odaklı dinamikler gözetilerek tasarlanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Sektörel Büyüme, Okun Kanunu, CS-ARDL Yöntemi

Supporting Institution

yoktur.

Project Number

yoktur.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada kullanılan veriler, Dünya Bankası (World Bank) veri tabanından açık erişim yoluyla elde edilmiş ikincil verilerdir. Çalışma, insan veya hayvan denekler üzerinde bir uygulama içermemektedir. Araştırma süreci boyunca yükseköğretim kurumları bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği yönergelerine ve ilgili tüm etik ilkelere titizlikle uyulmuştur.

Thanks

yoktur.

References

Adanu, K. (2005). A cross-province comparison of Okun's coefficient for Canada. Applied Economics, 37(5), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000201848
Akbas, Y. E., Radulescu, M., Şit, A., ve Belascu, L. (2026). Asymmetric and Non-linear pass-through effect of exchange rate on inflation: Evidence from the Fragile Five countries. Journal of Policy Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2026.02.007
An, Z., Ghazi, T., ve Prieto, N. G. (2017). Okun’s law: unfit for low and lower middle income countries. In IMF Working Papers.
Ball, L., Furceri, D., Leigh, D., ve Loungani, P. (2019). Does one law fit all? Cross-country evidence on Okun’s law. Open Economies Review, 30(5), 841–874.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-019-09549-3
Baltagi, B. H., Feng, Q., ve Kao, C. (2012). A Lagrange Multiplier test for cross-sectional dependence in a fixed effects panel data model. Journal of Econometrics, 170(1), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.04.004
Bayramoğlu, A., ve Aybudak, H. G. (2023). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Okun Yasası’nın Geçerliliği: Genel İşsizlik ve Tarım Dışı İşsizlik Oranı Üzerinden Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33(2), 783–797. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1219093
Benos, N., ve Stavrakoudis, A. (2022). Okun's law: Copula-based evidence from G7 countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 84, 478–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.10.004
Ben-Salha, O., ve Mrabet, Z. (2019). Is economic growth really jobless? Empirical evidence from North Africa. Comparative Economic Studies, 61(4), 598–624. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-018-
Blázquez Fernández, C., Cantarero Prieto, D., ve Sáez, M. (2018). Okun's Law in selected European Countries. An Age and Gender Analysis. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-2/18
Bonaventura, L., Cellini, R., ve Sambataro, M. (2018). Gender differences in Okun's law across the Italian regions. MPRA Paper. No. 87557 https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87557/

Breusch, T. S., ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
Chudik, A., ve Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors. Journal of Econometrics, 188(2), 393–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.03.007
Coşar, E. E., ve Yavuz, A. A. (2021). Okun’s law under the demographic dynamics of the Turkish labor market. Central Bank Review, 21(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.03.002
Demirkale, Ö., ve Özarı, Ç. (2020). Assesstment of macroeconomic and financial performance of fragile five and MINT countries using TOPSIS method. Florya Chronicles of Political Economy, 6(2), 171-192. https://izlik.org/JA33HT85BT
Dixon, R., Lim, G. C., ve Van Ours, J. C. (2017). Revisiting the Okun relationship. Applied Economics, 49(28), 2749-2765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1245846
Dixon, R. (2024). Unemployment entry, exit and okun's law: An analysis with Australian data. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 27(2), 161–181. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.T2025061300002201670037799
Doss, C., ve Gottlieb, C. (2025). Gendered patterns of labor in agriculture. Agricultural Economics, 56(3), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.70012
Dumitrescu, E. I., ve Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014
Göçer, İ. (2015). Okun yasası: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1–12. https://izlik.org/JA96KR22AS
Göksu, S. (2022). İstihdam Yaratmayan Büyüme Hipotezi Türkiye İçin Geçerlimi? [Bildiri sunumu] 6. Uluslararası İzmir İktisat Kongresi. https://www.izmiriktisatkongresi.org/books
Göksu, S., ve Mere, M. (2022). İktisadi Hoşnutsuzluk Endeksi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Sigortacılık Sektörü Üzerinde Etkili mi? International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 9(82), 680-689. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.3075
Guisinger, A. Y., ve Sinclair, T. M. (2015). Okun’s Law in real time. International Journal of Forecasting, 31(1), 185-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2014.03.002
Hanusch, M. (2013). Jobless growth? Okun's law in East Asia. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 4(03), 1350014. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793993313500142
Khemraj, T., Madrick, J., ve Semmler, W. (2006). Okun's law and jobless growth. Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis, Policy Note No. 3, New York.
Konya, S., Küçüksucu, M., ve Kabaloğlu, G. (2023). Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde Okun Yasası'nın Sınanması: 1991-2019 Dönemine Ait Ampirik Bir Analiz. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 18(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.70452
Knotek, E. S. (2007). How useful is Okun's law?. Economic Review-federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 92, 73.
Kraim, M., Sarmidi, T., Faizah, F., ve Khalid, N. (2023). A sectoral specification of Okun’s law in oil-producing countries: evidence from panel ARDL model. Economic Change and Restructuring, 56(4), 2385–2404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09518-4
Moazzami, B., ve Dadgostar, B. (2009). Okun’s δaw Revisited: Evidence From OECD Countries. International Business ve Economics Research Journal, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v8i8.3156
Moosa, I. A. (1999). Cyclical output, cyclical unemployment, and Okun's coefficient A structural time series approach. International Review of Economics ve Finance, 8(3), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1059-0560(99)00028-3
Narayan, P. K., ve Smyth, R. (2006). What determines migration flows from low‐income to high‐income countries? An empirical investigation of Fiji–Us migration 1972–2001. Contemporary economic policy, 24(2), 332-342. https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byj019
Okun, A. (1962). Potential GNP: its measurement and significance. Proceedings of the Business and Economics Section, 98–103.
Owyang, M. T., ve Sekhposyan, T. (2012). Okun's law over the business cycle: was the great recession all that different?. Review (00149187), 94(5).
Pata, U. K., Yurtkuran, S., ve Kalca, A. (2018). A revisited causality analysis of Okun's Law: The case of Turkey. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 25(4).
Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. SSRN Electronic Journal, 3(0435). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.572504
Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951
Pesaran, M. H., ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010
Polat, İ. H., Yapraklı, S., ve Çamkaya, S. (2024). Impact of nuclear and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in OECD countries under the STIRPAT model: Evidence from the CS-ARDL model. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 14(1), 258-283. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14176539
Prachowny, M. F. (1993). Okun's law: theoretical foundations and revised estimates. The review of Economics and Statistics, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109440
Silvapulle, P., Moosa, I. A., ve Silvapulle, M. J. (2004). Asymmetry in Okun's law. Canadian Journal of Economics/revue Canadienne D'économique, 37(2), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-4085.2004.00006.x
Sovbetov, I. (2025). The dynamics of Okun’s law: cross-country analysis across economic cycles (1980–2023). Empirica, 52(4), 687–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-025-09662-2
Swamy, P. A. V. B. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913012
Usman, A., Ozturk, I., Naqvi, S. M. M. A., Ullah, S., ve Javed, M. I. (2022). Revealing the nexus between nuclear energy and ecological footprint in STIRPAT model of advanced economies: Fresh evidence from novel CS-ARDL model. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 148, 104220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104220
Valadkhani, A., ve Smyth, R. (2015). Switching and asymmetric behaviour of the Okun coefficient in the US: Evidence for the 1948-2015 period. Economic Modelling, 50, 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.07.001
WDI. (2026). World Development Indicators. 1 Nisan 2026 tarihinde https://databank.worldbank.org/source/ worlddevelopment-indicators adresinden edinilmiştir.
Woo, J. (2023). Revisiting Okun's law in South Korea: Asymmetries, crises, and structural changes. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 27, e00292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2023.e00292

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Growth, Employment, Development Economics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Serkan Göksu ^*
0000-0003-3261-6769
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 23, 2026

Submission Date

April 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 2026 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY

APA

Göksu, S. (2026). Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar. Kocatepe Applied Economics, 2026(1), 1-17. https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY

AMA

1.Göksu S. Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar. KAE. 2026;2026(1):1-17. https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY

Chicago

Göksu, Serkan. 2026. “Sektörel Ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler Için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar”. Kocatepe Applied Economics 2026 (1): 1-17. https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY.

EndNote

Göksu S (September 1, 2026) Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar. Kocatepe Applied Economics 2026 1 1–17.

IEEE

[1]S. Göksu, “Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar”, KAE, vol. 2026, no. 1, pp. 1–17, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY

ISNAD

Göksu, Serkan. “Sektörel Ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler Için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar”. Kocatepe Applied Economics 2026/1 (September 1, 2026): 1-17. https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY.

JAMA

1.Göksu S. Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar. KAE. 2026;2026:1–17.

MLA

Göksu, Serkan. “Sektörel Ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler Için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar”. Kocatepe Applied Economics, vol. 2026, no. 1, Sept. 2026, pp. 1-17, https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY.

Vancouver

1.Serkan Göksu. Sektörel ve Cinsiyet Odaklı Okun Kanunu: Kırılgan Altılı Ülkeler için CS-ARDL Yönteminden Ampirik Kanıtlar. KAE [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;2026(1):1-17. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA58TA89JY

Aim & Scope

Author Guidelines

1) In-text Citations and References

APA 7 Citation Guide or the latest version of it should be used throughout the studies. Please make sure to insert the DOI numbers for cited research in the reference list, where available as following format: https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

For manuscripts submitted to our journal written in English language, in-text citations should be used as (Özdemir & Aktaş, 2008, p. 107), and as (Özdemir, 2008, pp. 107-113) if multiple pages are cited. To cite sources with two authors, please use the "&" symbol in in-text citations and bibliography.

For detailed information on special citation situations that you cannot find in the examples below, see https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

Books

1) Single-authored books:

Reference list: Özdemir, A. (2008). Yönetim bilimlerinde ileri araştırma yöntemleri ve uygulamalar. Beta Publishing.

In-text citation: (Özdemir, 2008, p. 107)

2) Two-authored books:

Reference list: Kara, S., & Aydemir, O. (2014). Finans Matematiği için püf noktalar (2nd Ed). ABC Publishing.

In-text citation: (Kara & Aydemir, 2014, p. 112)

3) Books with more than two authors:

Reference list: Koçyiğit, M., Tekel, E., &Karadağ, E. (2018). Eğitimde ahlâk ve etik. Nobel Publishing.

In-text citation: (Koçyiğit et al., 2018, p. 286)

4) Book chapter:

Reference list: Aktay, S. (2015). Teknoloji destekli fen bilimleri öğretimi. Ş. S. Anagün & N. Duban (Eds.), In: Fen bilimleri öğretimi (pp. 425-454). Anı Publishing.

In-text citation: (Aktay, 2015, p. 426).

5) Edited books:

Reference list: Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

In-text citation: (Kesharwani, 2020, p. 123)

6) Book chapter in edited book:

Reference list: Arnold, P. (2020). How to cite this? D. Winter & E. Raynold (Eds.), In: Citation rules in social sciences (pp. 1023-1043). Citation Press.

In-text citation: (Arnold, 2020, p. 123)

Journal Articles

1) Single-authored journal articles:

Reference list: Aydınözü, D. (2010). Trakya’da vejetasyon devresi ve bu devredeki yağışlar. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(1), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

In-text citation: (Aydınözü, 2010, p. 229)

2) Two-authored journal articles:

Reference list: Şimşek, A., & Bal, M. S. (2010). Tarih şeridi aracılığıyla öğretmen adaylarının tarihsel zaman algılarının incelenmesi. Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 124-151. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

In-text citation: (Şimşek & Bal, 2010, p. 135)

3) Multiple references of the same author within the same year:

If more than one work of the same author published in the same year is used in the article, the works are sorted as a, b, c.

Reference list: Gregory, A. W., & Hansen, B. E. (1996a). Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 1-26.

In-text citation: (Gregory & Hansen, 1996a, s. 22)

Reference list: Gregory, A. W., & Hansen, B. E. (1996b). Tests for cointegration in models with regime and trend shifts. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58(3), 555–559.

In-text citation: (Gregory & Hansen, 1996b, s. 198)

Translated books

Reference list: Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2018). Temel ekonometri (Ü. Şenesen & G. G. Şenesen, Trans.). Literatür Publishing.

In-text citation: (Gujarati & Porter, 2018, p. 120)

Theses and Dissertations

Reference list: Koçyiğit, M. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin nedensel yüklemeleri ve öğrenme stilleri [Unpublished master's thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University.

In-text citation: (Koçyiğit, 2011, p. 75)

Institutional, Official, Private Publications, Reports etc.

Reference list: Ministry of National Education. (2012). İlköğretim fen ve teknoloji ders kitabı. Devlet Kitapları Müdürlüğü.

In-text citation (First use): (Ministry of National Education [MoNE], 2012, p. 65).

In-text citation (Continuous citations): (MoNE, 2012, p. 65).

Symposium, Congress, Scientific Organization Proceedings:

Reference list: Ulu, M., & Peker, M. (2008). Sınıf öğretmeni, öğretmen adayı ve 5. Sınıf öğrencilerinin problem çözme stratejilerinin karşılaştırılması [Proceeding presentation]. 8th National Congress on Science and Mathematics Education, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu.

In-text citation: (Ulu & Peker, 2008)

Archival Documents:

The following basic citation format is used for different types of archival documents and collections:

Author Last Name, A. A. (Year, Day Month). Title of the material. [Material definition]. Collection name (Location number, Box number, Folder name or number etc.). Storage/archive name, place.

Reference list: Morocco and Tunusia Credit Institution. (1924, 29 April). Institutional credit receipt and its information (Box No. 17, Document No. 61). Turkish Red Crescent Archives, Ankara.

In-text citation: (Morocco and Tunusia Credit Institution, 1924)

Web site sources:

In-text citation: (Aktay, 2010)

Reference list: Aktay, S. (2010, 10 June). How does the internet work? What is the internet? Retrieved from http://www.internetnedir.net/internet-nasil-calisir.html on 13 August 2012.

Online News:

Reference list: Guarino, B. (2017, 4 December). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions/

In-text citation: (Guarino, 2017)

2) Basic Formatting Rules

Prepare your work in accordance with the template of our journal in Microsoft Word (doc.) format. Click here to download the template!

Since our journal does not charge any fee to the authors, it is the responsibility of the authors to prepare and submit their manuscripts in full compliance with the writing guide and template. The writing template includes all general text format, page spacing, paragraph format, table and figure format, and title formats. Authors can edit their texts by copying them completely onto this file.

The authors are legally responsible for their work. Apart from this, authors are deemed to have accepted the open access policy and Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0). In addition, authors should upload the copyright form and author contribution declaration form signed by all authors to the DergiPark system.

Italics should be preferred to emphasize a place in the study and quotation marks should not be used except for direct quotations.

3) Word Limits

Manuscripts should range between 5,000 and 7,000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, figures, and references. Authors must provide abstracts in both English and Turkish, ranging from 100 to 150 words. The manuscript must include three keywords and three JEL classification codes.

4) Plagiarism and Originality

Kocatepe Applied Economics employs both iThenticate and Turnitin software to ensure the originality of submitted content. Authors are strictly required to upload a similarity report generated by either software during the initial submission process.Manuscripts will be rejected by the Editorial Board if the similarity report indicates:

A total similarity index exceeding 20%, or
A similarity rate of more than 2% from any single source.

Note: The similarity analysis excludes the reference list (bibliography) and text matches of fewer than 5 words.

Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

1) Publishing Ethics

Kocatepe Applied Economics is committed to following the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines prepared by COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics). Following the Cope Guidance for Editors is within the scope of the Editors' duty, and the reviewers of the journal must follow the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers.

2) Declaration of Publication Ethics

Responsibilities of the Editor and Editorial Board

The editors of KAE Journal are responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted for publication are in accordance with the journal's objectives and editorial policies and should be published.
The editors of KAE Journal should not allow unpublished material and other information and data in the manuscripts submitted by the author(s) to the journal to be used by anyone in their own work without the express written permission of the author(s).
Manuscripts submitted to the Journal of KAE should always be evaluated in accordance with completely open, transparent, scientific and objective criteria without any prejudice.
The editors, associate editors and editorial board of KAE Journal should not disclose information about submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the author(s), referees and publisher. Any information about an article submitted to the journal should not be disclosed by the editor to anyone other than the editorial board, referees and the journal owner.

Responsibilities of the Editorial Board

The KAE Editorial Board should keep the information regarding all submitted manuscripts confidential.
The KAE Editorial Board is responsible for making editorial decisions for submitted manuscripts.
The KAE Editorial Board should strive to meet the needs of readers and authors.
The KAE Editorial Board should strive to improve the quality of the journal.
The KAE Editorial Board should give utmost importance to scientific quality and originality.
The KAE Editorial Board should always be ready to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when necessary.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

A reviewer who does not find the work assigned to him/her relevant to his/her field, who feels inadequate to criticize, or who is unable to provide a timely critique should notify the editor of this situation and withdraw from the review.
Reviewed manuscripts should be treated as confidential documents and should not be shown or discussed with anyone other than those authorized by the editor.
Reviewer criticism should be objective, fair and in accordance with scientific ethics. No personal criticism should be directed against the author. Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts without regard to the origin, gender, sexual orientation or political philosophy of the authors.
Reviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the author. A reviewer should also bring to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the work under review and any other previously published work within their knowledge.
Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which there are conflicts of interest that may arise from competition, collaboration or other relationships or connections with the author.
Reviewers should assist editors in decision-making and should also be able to assist authors in improving manuscripts.

Authors' Responsibilities

A manuscript submitted to KAE Journal must be original and the authors must undertake that the manuscript is an original work that has not been published in any other journal before. All kinds of information, documents and changes related to the article requested by the editor of the journal from the author(s) must be sent via the system within 15 days at the latest and the editor must be informed. It should be known that the author(s) will be deemed to have withdrawn the article if these requests are not fulfilled within the deadline.
Authors may be asked to provide relevant raw data in connection with their work that may be needed at the review stage, so they should be prepared to provide access to this data and retain it for a reasonable period of time following publication of their work.
Authors should write completely original manuscripts and if they use the work and/or words of others, they should cite them appropriately. By submitting an article to Kocatepe Applied Economics, authors guarantee that their articles are original and in accordance with ethical standards, that the references used are fully cited, and that they are not similar to other articles in print or in the process of publication. In this context, authors should submit their manuscripts to a plagiarism detection software (iThenticate or Turnitin) and upload a document stating that their manuscripts are no more than 20% similar, excluding references, through the KAE Journal DergiPark system.
An author should not publish text describing essentially the same research in more than one article.
Acknowledgment of references taken from the work of others should always be done appropriately. Authors must cite previous publications that have influenced the substance of their reported work.
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, implementation or interpretation of the reported work. All significant contributors should be listed following the first author. In order to request a change in the author rankings after submission of the manuscript, the Editors must be notified via the JournalPark system and kae@aku.edu.tr before the acceptance decision, explaining the rationale for the change in author rankings by all authors.
Changes in the author ranking can only be possible on the grounds that the contribution rates of the authors change during the revision phase of the revised manuscripts. For notifications made before the acceptance of the manuscript for publication, all authors should be added to the e-mail correspondence and the copyright form and author contribution rate declaration form should be filled out again and signed by all authors and attached to the e-mail. Requests for changes in the author ranking or author changes after the acceptance of the study for publication are not evaluated.
All authors are obliged to declare any financial resources or conflicts of interest that may affect the results or interpretations in their work.
If an author becomes aware of a significant inaccuracy or defect in his/her published work, it is the author's obligation to notify the journal editor immediately and to cooperate with the editor to correct the inaccuracy or defect. Since KAE is published through the DergiPark system, such change requests must be made within 5 days from the date of publication of the journal. Authors have an obligation to work with the editor to ensure that errors are corrected. Notifications made after this period will only be published as corrections.

3) Notifying the Editor Regarding a Violation of the Ethical Principles

In case of any behavior that does not comply with the ethical principles regarding the editors, referees, authors in Kocatepe Applied Economics, or if an unethical situation is encountered regarding an article in the evaluation process, in early view or published, it should be reported to kae@aku.edu.tr via e-mail.

4) Policy Decisions

The works of the same author cannot be published in two consecutive issues.
The works of the owner of the journal, editors, field editors and deputy editors cannot be published during their tenure in the journal.
A maximum quota of 20% is applied for each issue based on the date of acceptance for the studies from Afyon Kocatepe University faculty members.
Studies derived from theses written at Afyon Kocatepe University are not evaluated in our journal.

Price Policy

Journal Boards

Publisher on Behalf of Afyon Kocatepe University

Mehmet KARAKAŞ

Sociology, Urban Sociology and Community Studies, Sociology of Culture, Political Sociology, Social Movement

Editor-in-chief

Selçuk AKÇAY

Applied Macroeconometrics, Time-Series Analysis, Development Economics - Macro, Development Economics

Subject Editor

İY

İbrahim YILMAZ

Political Economy Theory, Political Economy and Social Change, Public Administration, Constitutional and Political Theories, Comparative Political Institutions