Effect of Meteorological Parameters on the Frequency of Acute Myocardial İnfarction Events: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Aim: Environmental factors, diet, exercise, smoking, and psychological and physical stress affect the frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Weather events also affect this frequency. This study aimed to investigate the effects of meteorological parameters in Amasya/Türkiye on AMI frequency. Material and Methods: We evaluated the association of the frequency of AMI subtypes, such as unstable angina pectoris (USAP), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with meteorological parameters over 6 years. Results: AMI frequency significantly increased in the winter. In summer, there was a significant positive relationship between the mean current pressure and the number of NSTEMI events. The STEMI risk was 1,174 times higher in summer than in winter and 1,214 times higher in summer than in spring. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction risk was 1,138 times higher in winter than in summer. The USAP risk was 1,350 times higher in winter than in summer. In summer, a significant positive relationship was observed between total precipitation and the number of USAP events. Among meteorological parameters, air temperature was closely associated with AMI risk. Conclusions: We observed that AMI frequency increases, particularly in the winter, when the average temperature is low. Thus, establishing awareness of avoiding long-term exposure to cold weather can help reduce the risk of low-temperature-related AMI.

Keywords

• acute myocardial infarction
• air temperature
• atherosclerosis
• cold weather

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