Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Başvuran Bireylerin Ağrı Kontrolünde Uyguladıkları Yöntemlere Yönelik Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Ağrı, toplumda değişen bir yaygınlığa sahip olan ve farmakolojik veya farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler kullanılarak kontrol edilen hoş olmayan duyusal bir deneyimdir. Bu çalışmada, aile sağlığı merkezi (ASM)’ne başvuran bireylerin ağrı kesici ilaç kullanımına yönelik tutumları ve ağrı kontrolünde uyguladıkları nonfarmakolojik yöntemleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: On farklı ASM birimine kayıtlı bireyler araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu (n=572). Veriler, üç bölümden oluşan soru formu vasıtasıyla toplanmıştır. Birinci kısımda katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerini sorgulayan 9 soru, ikinci kısımda katılımcıların ağrı kesici ilaç kullanımına yönelik tutumlarını sorgulayan 18 soru, üçüncü kısımda ise katılımcıların ağrı kontrolünde uyguladıkları nonfarmakolojik yöntemleri sorgulayan 15 soru yer aldı. Bu araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Veri analizinde nominal değişkenler frekans ve yüzde kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Nitel verilerin analizinde ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Reçetesiz ağrı kesici ilaç kullanan, kendisi için etkili olduğunu düşündüğü ağrı kesici ilacı başkasına öneren ve ilacın reçetesini okuyan kişilerde birçok değişkene göre anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p<0,05). Masaj (%50), sıcak-soğuk uygulama (%52,9) ve televizyon seyretme (%26,2) en fazla uygulanan nonfarmakolojik ağrı kontrol yöntemleri olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Bireysel, sosyal ve ekonomik faktörler ağrı kesici ilaç kullanımı etkilemektedir. Ağrı kontrolünde masaj, sıcak-soğuk uygulama ve televizyon seyretme gibi uygulamaların kullanım oranı yüksektir.

Keywords

• analjezi
• ağrı yönetimi
• aile sağlığı merkezi
• nonfarmakolojik yöntemler

Determining the Attitudes of Individuals Applying to Family Health Centre Towards the Methods They Applied in Pain Management

Abstract

Aim: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that has a varying prevalence in society and is controlled by using pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of individuals, who applied to the family health center (FHC), toward the use of analgesics and the non-pharmacological methods they applied for pain management. Material and Method: The population of the study was composed of 572 individuals from 10 FHCs in the Amasya. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part includes 9 questions investigating the sociodemographic characteristics, the second part includes 18 questions examining the attitudes of the participants toward the use of analgesics, and the third part includes 15 questions evaluating the non-pharmacological methods used by the participants for pain management. This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In the data analysis, nominal variables were evaluated using frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was used to analyze qualitative data. The level of significance was accepted as 0.05. Results: The rates of using analgesics without prescription, and recommending effective analgesics for others, and the reading the prescription of analgesics were found to be high in many variables (p<0.05). Hot-cold application (52.9%), massage (50%), and watching television (26.2%) were the most commonly applied nonpharmacological pain management methods. Conclusion: Individual, social and economic factors affect the use of analgesics. The rate of use of applications such as hot-cold application, massage, and watching television for pain management is high.

Keywords

• analgesia
• pain management
• family health center
• non-pharmacological methods

References

1. 1. International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). https:// www.iasp-pain.org/terminolog y ?navItemNumber=576: [accessed: 06.08.2019].
2. 2. Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2015;90(1):139–47.
3. 3. PelegR, LibermanO, PressY, Shvartzman P. Patients visiting the complementary medicineclinicfor pain: A crosssectional study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015;11:36.
4. 4. Henderson JV, Harrison CM, Britt HC, Bayram CF, Miller GC. Prevalence, causes, severity, impact, and management of chronic pain in Australian general practice patients. Pain Medicine 2013;14(9):1346–61.
5. 5. Ozveren H. Non-pharmacological methods at pain management. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal 2011;18(1):83–92.
6. 6. Pınar N. Pharmaceutical expenditures in our country. Journal of Inonu University Medical Faculty 2012;19(1):59–65.
7. 7. Cooper RJ. Over-the-counter medicine abuse-a review of the literature. Journal of Substance Use 2013;18(2):82–107.
8. 8. Mehuys E, Crombez G, Paemeleire K, Adriaens E, Hees TV, Demarche S. Self-medication with over-the-counter analgesics: A survey of patient characteristics and concerns about pain medication. The Journal of Pain 2019;20(2):215–23.

9. 9. Tesfamariam, S., Anand, I. S., Kaleab, G., Berhane, S., Woldai, B., Habte, E. Self-medication with over the counter drugs, prevalence of risky practice and its associated factors in pharmacy outlets of Asmara, Eritrea. BioMed Central Public Health 2019;19(1):159.
10. 10. Mete S, Unal Z. Determination of drug use habits of the residents of Cappadocia region provincial centers. Nevsehir Journal of Science and Technology 2017;6(2):661–80.
11. 11. Beggi B, Asik Z. Evaluation of rational drug use in patients applying to family medicine out patient clinic. Ankara Medical Journal 2019;1:251–60.
12. 12. Bayindir SK, Curuk GN. Examining nursing theses about complementary and alternative methods for pain management in Turkey. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing 2015;12(3):162–9.
13. 13. Karadag E, Sevinc E. In painful situations the traditional practices applied by elderly people living in Tunceli. Spatula DD 2014;4(4):179–86.
14. 14. Birge AO, Mollaoglu M. Pain beliefs of patients and the nonpharmacological methods they useto managethe pain. Agri 2018;30(2):84–92.
15. 15. Gungormus Z, Kiyak E. Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of individuals who suffer from pain towards complementary and alternative medicines. Agri 2012;24(3):123–9.
16. 16. Hicks H, Edeburn K, Mages MK. Non-pharmacological pain management interventions to decrease pharmacological need in a long-term carefacility: A quality improvement study. Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day https://digitalcommons.csbsju. edu/ur_cscday/66; 2019:66. [accessed: 24.07.2020].
17. 17. Gemalmaz A. Use of complementary and alternative therapies in the management of pain. Turkiye Klinikleri Family MedicineSpecial Topics 2014;5(4):55–61.
18. 18. Turan N, Ozturk A, Kaya N. A new responsibility in nursing: Complementary therapy. Maltepe University Journal ofNursing Science and Art 2010;3(1):93–98.
19. 19. Yapici G, Balikci S, Ugur O. Attitudes and behavior of drug usage in applicants to primary health care center. Dicle Medical Journal 2011;38(4):458–65.
20. 20. KarakurtP,HacihasanogluR,YildirimA, SaglamR.Medication use among university students. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2019;9(5):505–12.
21. 21. Dagtekin G, Demirtas Z, Alaiye M, Saglan R, Onsuz MF, Isikli B et al. Rational drug use attitudes and behaviors of adults who apply for primary health care in semirural areas. Turkish World Implementation And Research Center Public Health Journal 2018;3(1):12–23.
22. 22. Demiroglu T, Polat Y, Dogan U. Determination of behaviors and habits towards the usage of drugs of hospitalized adult patients in Kilis State Hospital. Gümüşhane University Journal Of Health Sciences 2017;6(1):93–98.
23. 23. Gunes D, Kiyak E. The knowledge of the elderly on drug use and the evaluation of the factors affecting their knowledge level. Journal of Continuing Medical Education 2017;26(2):66–74.
24. 24. Ilhan MN, Aydemir O, Cakir M, Aycan S. A study in three districts of Ankara of behaviors associated with irrational use of drugs. Turkish Journal of Public Health 2014;12(3):188–200.
25. 25. Turkey Ministry of Health Pharmaceutical Market Monitoring Report. Market position of the first 20 drugs in terms of sales volume and sales value. 2014. https://www.titck.gov.tr/ PortalAdmin/Uploads/Titck/Contents/Documents/;2014.
26. 26. Ekim A, Akın İ, Ocakcı AF. Self medication among adolescents. ACU Health Sciences Journal 2018;9(3):272–276.
27. 27. Ministry of Health Society’s Perspective on Rational Drug Use, Research Series: 9. http://www.akilciilac.gov.tr/?p=328/2011; 2011 [accessed: 24.07.2020].
28. 28. Pınar, N. Drug Usage Habits Of People In Adana. Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Pharmacology Master Thesis, Adana, 2010.
29. 29. Vaajoki A. We have to take pain definition, pain management, and the results of non-pharmacological studies seriously. Alternative & Integrative Medicine 2013;2:134.
30. 30. Gumus K, Musuroglu S, Ozlu ZK, Tascı O. Determining the use of nonpharmacologic methods by surgical nurses for postoperative pain management and the influencing professional factors: A multicenter study. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2020;35(1):75–9.