Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 192 - 200, 15.12.2022

Abstract

References

  • 1. Sah P, Alfaro-Murillo JA, Fitzpatrick MC, Neuzil KM, Meyers LA, Singer BH, & Galvani AP. Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019; 116(41): 20786–92.
  • 2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc. gov/flu/about/burden/index.html [accessed: 17.04.2022]
  • 4. Doniec Z, Mastalerz-Migas A, Jackowska T, Kuchar E, Sybilski A. ReCOMmendations for the treatment of Influenza in children for Primary care physiciAnS–Compas Influenza. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 2019; (2):189–98.
  • 5. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2019–20 Influenza Season. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/rr/pdfs/ rr6803-H.pdf [accessed: 25.04.2022] 6. Gaitonde DY, Moore FC, & Morgan MK. Influenza: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician 2019;100(12):7518.
  • 7. Chen Q, Li P, Li S, Xiao W, Yang S, & Lu, H. Brain complications with influenza infection in children. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020;10(3):129–52.
  • 8. Moncion K, Young K, Tunis M, Rempel S, Stirling R, Zhao L. Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in preventing influenza virus infection in the community setting: A systematic review. Canada Communicable Disease Report 2019;45(1):1220.
  • 9. Xiao J, Shiu EY, Gao H, Wong JY, Fong MW, Ryu S et al. Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings—personal protective and environmental measures. Emerging İnfectious Diseases 2020;26(5):967.
  • 10. Pandarakalam JP. Balancing ımmune system. British Journal of Medical Practitioners 2020;13(2).
  • 11. World Health Organization. 2020. Seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview for decision-makers.  https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/336951 [accessed: 17.04.2022]
  • 12. Kalligeros M, Shehadeh F, Mylona EK, Dapaah-Afriyie C, van Aalst R, Chit A, & Mylonakis E. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalization in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2020;38(14):2893–903.
  • 13. People at higher risk of flu complications (CDC). https://www. cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm [accessed:19.04.2022].
  • 14. Abay E. Sample Size and Small Probabilities in Large Populations with the Example of Covid-19 Practices. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD 2021; 6 (Özel Sayı): 16–25.
  • 15. Cula S ve Muluk Z. Basic Statistics Methods. Ankara: Başkent Univercity 2018.
  • 16. Gökçay G. The investigation of the secondary school students’ information level about flu and the factors which effect their vaccination status (Unpublished Master Thesis). Kafkas Univercity, Kars, Turkey 2016.
  • 17. Lafond KE, Nair H, Rasooly MH, Valente F, Booy R, Rahman M, et al. Global role and burden of influenza in pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, 1982–2012: A systematic analysis. PLoS Med 2016;13(3):e1001977.
  • 18. El Guerche-Seblain C, Moureau A, Schiffler C, Dupuy M, Pepin S, Samson SI, et al. Epidemiology and burden of influenza in healthy children aged 6 to 35 months: analysis of data from the placebo arm of a phase III efficacy trial. BMC Infect Dis 2019;19(1):308.
  • 19. Kamigaki T, Mimura S, Takahashi Y, Oshitani H. Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:282.
  • 20. CDC. Seasonal Influenza (Flu)> Prevent Flu 2019. https://www. cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccinations.htm [accessed:19.04.2022].
  • 21. Flannery B, Reynolds SB, Blanton L, Santibanez TA, O’Halloran A, Lu PJ, et al. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010–2014. Pediatrics 2017;139(5).
  • 22. Tsang TK, Fang VJ, Ip DKM, Perera R, So HC, Leung GM, et al. Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza in households. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):106.
  • 23. Yıldırım A. Evaluation of clinical and epidemiological findings and social burden of influenza for the families of children who were hospitalized with seasonal influenza related symptoms and influenza virus detected in the nasopharyngeal swab samples during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza season in Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Thesis in Pediatrics. Ankara, 2019.
  • 24. Tanriover MD, Bagci Bosi T, Ozisik L. Poor outcomes among elderly patients hospitalized for influenza-like illness. 2018;34(7):1201–7.
  • 25. Hekimoglu CH, Emek M, Avci E, Topal S, Demiroz M, Ergor G. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory Confirmed Influenza in 2014–2015 Season in Turkey: A Test-Negative Case Control Study. Balkan Medical Journal 2018;35(1):77–83.
  • 26. del Pozo, SVF, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, Alvarez-Martín E, López-de Andrés A, de Miguel AG et al. Influenza vaccination coverage and related factors among Spanish children. Journal of Infection 2007;54(5):483–9.
  • 27. Lukšić I, Clay S, Falconer R, Pulanić D, Rudan I, Campbell H et al. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in children–a systematic review and metaanalysis. Croatian Medical Journal 2013;54(2):135–45.
  • 28. Orrico-Sánchez A, Valls-Arévalo Á, Garcés-Sánchez M, Aldeán JÁ, & de Lejarazu Leonardo RO. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccination in healthy children. A review of current evidence. Enfermedades Infecciosas ve Microbiología Clínica 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2022.02.005
  • 29. Buchan SA, Chung H, Campitelli MA, Crowcroft NS, Gubbay JB, Karnauchow T, ... & Kwong JC. Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010–11 to 2013–14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada. PloS One, 2017;12(11): e0187834.
  • 30. Blyth CC, Macartney KK, Hewagama S, Senenayake S, Friedman ND, Simpson G, ... & Cheng AC. Influenza epidemiology, vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness in children admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2014: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN). Eurosurveillance 2016;21(30):30301.
  • 31. Blyth CC, Jacoby P, Effler PV, Kelly H, Smith DW, Robins C., ... & WAIVE Study Team. Effectiveness of trivalent flu vaccine in healthy young children. Pediatrics 2014;133(5):1218–25.
  • 32. Yanik A, Şahin MK. Influenza vaccination rates and related factors in patients with chronic heart disease: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital. Ankara Med J 2021;(4):619–34.
  • 33. Bertoldo G, Pesce A, Pepe A, Pelullo CP, Di Giuseppe G, & Collaborative Working Group. Seasonal influenza: Knowledge, attitude and vaccine uptake among adults with chronic conditions in Italy. PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0215978.
  • 34. Mertz D, Kim TH, Johnstone J, Lam PP, Science M, Kuster SP, et al. Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5061. PMID:23974637
  • 35. Giacomelli A, Galli M, Maggi S, Pagani G, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pedone C., ... & Adorni F. Missed opportunities of flu vaccination in Italian target categories: Insights from the online EPICOVID 19 survey. Vaccines 2020;8(4):669.
  • 36. Giacomelli A, Galli M, Maggi S, Noale M, Trevisan C, Pagani G, ... & Adorni F. Influenza vaccination uptake in the general Italian population during the 2020–2021 flu season: Data from the EPICOVID-19 online web-based survey. Vaccines 2022;10(2):293.
  • 37. Akdur R. Global epidemic of swine flu. Journal of Science Utopia 2011;17(203):36–45.
  • 38. Schmid P, Rauber D, Betsch C, Lidolt G, & Denker ML. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS One 2017;12(1):e0170550.
  • 39. Ganczak M, Kalinowski P, Drozd-Dąbrowska M, Biesiada D, Dubiel P, Topczewska K, ... & Korzeń M. School life and influenza immunization: A cross-sectional study on vaccination coverage and influencing determinants among Polish teachers. Vaccine 2020;38(34):5548–55.
  • 40. Valentino S, & Suit L. Increasing Intent to Vaccinate for Seasonal Influenza. Journal of Community Health Nursing 2020;37(2):49–64.
  • 41. İncili D. The level of knowledge about the vaccines of the mothers of children who apply to child policlinics. Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health Copper village Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Master Thesis, Istanbul, 2009.
  • 42. Topaloğlu N, Yıldırım S, Tekin M, Sacar S, Peker E et al. Opinions of families of children with upper respiratory tract infection about influenza vaccine. International Journal of Clinical Research 2013;1(1):10–13.

Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 192 - 200, 15.12.2022

Abstract

Aim: Influenza, also known as flu, is a viral disease with high mortality and morbidity. Although every age group is at risk, people aged six months to 18 years are at high risk of developing serious flu-related complications. This descriptive study had two objectives: 1) determining primary school student’s level of knowledge about the flu, and 2) examining the factors affecting their decision to get flu shots.
Material and Method: The sample consisted of 670 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students from three public and three private schools. Data were presented as percentiles, ratios, chisquares, and means (± standard deviation). The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Less than a quarter of the participants defined the flu as a viral disease (23.7%). More than half the participants stated that the flu was contagious (65.5%). More than a quarter of the participants noted that the flu was transmitted through aerosols containing the virus, direct contact, or contact with contaminated surfaces (35.5%). More than half the participants said it was necessary to get flu shots (71.3%). Eight in ten of those participants had flu shots (82.8%). More than half of mothers with high school or higher degrees had their children vaccinated against the flu (56.7%). Most fathers with high school or higher degrees had their children vaccinated against the flu (78.4%) (p=0.030). Almost all parents with health insurance had their children vaccinated against the flu (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Students do not know much about the flu and flu shot. Therefore, children and parents should be informed about the effects of the flu, how to avoid getting it, and what the flu vaccine is.

References

  • 1. Sah P, Alfaro-Murillo JA, Fitzpatrick MC, Neuzil KM, Meyers LA, Singer BH, & Galvani AP. Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019; 116(41): 20786–92.
  • 2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc. gov/flu/about/burden/index.html [accessed: 17.04.2022]
  • 4. Doniec Z, Mastalerz-Migas A, Jackowska T, Kuchar E, Sybilski A. ReCOMmendations for the treatment of Influenza in children for Primary care physiciAnS–Compas Influenza. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 2019; (2):189–98.
  • 5. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2019–20 Influenza Season. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/rr/pdfs/ rr6803-H.pdf [accessed: 25.04.2022] 6. Gaitonde DY, Moore FC, & Morgan MK. Influenza: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician 2019;100(12):7518.
  • 7. Chen Q, Li P, Li S, Xiao W, Yang S, & Lu, H. Brain complications with influenza infection in children. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020;10(3):129–52.
  • 8. Moncion K, Young K, Tunis M, Rempel S, Stirling R, Zhao L. Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in preventing influenza virus infection in the community setting: A systematic review. Canada Communicable Disease Report 2019;45(1):1220.
  • 9. Xiao J, Shiu EY, Gao H, Wong JY, Fong MW, Ryu S et al. Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings—personal protective and environmental measures. Emerging İnfectious Diseases 2020;26(5):967.
  • 10. Pandarakalam JP. Balancing ımmune system. British Journal of Medical Practitioners 2020;13(2).
  • 11. World Health Organization. 2020. Seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview for decision-makers.  https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/336951 [accessed: 17.04.2022]
  • 12. Kalligeros M, Shehadeh F, Mylona EK, Dapaah-Afriyie C, van Aalst R, Chit A, & Mylonakis E. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalization in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2020;38(14):2893–903.
  • 13. People at higher risk of flu complications (CDC). https://www. cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm [accessed:19.04.2022].
  • 14. Abay E. Sample Size and Small Probabilities in Large Populations with the Example of Covid-19 Practices. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD 2021; 6 (Özel Sayı): 16–25.
  • 15. Cula S ve Muluk Z. Basic Statistics Methods. Ankara: Başkent Univercity 2018.
  • 16. Gökçay G. The investigation of the secondary school students’ information level about flu and the factors which effect their vaccination status (Unpublished Master Thesis). Kafkas Univercity, Kars, Turkey 2016.
  • 17. Lafond KE, Nair H, Rasooly MH, Valente F, Booy R, Rahman M, et al. Global role and burden of influenza in pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, 1982–2012: A systematic analysis. PLoS Med 2016;13(3):e1001977.
  • 18. El Guerche-Seblain C, Moureau A, Schiffler C, Dupuy M, Pepin S, Samson SI, et al. Epidemiology and burden of influenza in healthy children aged 6 to 35 months: analysis of data from the placebo arm of a phase III efficacy trial. BMC Infect Dis 2019;19(1):308.
  • 19. Kamigaki T, Mimura S, Takahashi Y, Oshitani H. Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:282.
  • 20. CDC. Seasonal Influenza (Flu)> Prevent Flu 2019. https://www. cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccinations.htm [accessed:19.04.2022].
  • 21. Flannery B, Reynolds SB, Blanton L, Santibanez TA, O’Halloran A, Lu PJ, et al. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010–2014. Pediatrics 2017;139(5).
  • 22. Tsang TK, Fang VJ, Ip DKM, Perera R, So HC, Leung GM, et al. Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza in households. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):106.
  • 23. Yıldırım A. Evaluation of clinical and epidemiological findings and social burden of influenza for the families of children who were hospitalized with seasonal influenza related symptoms and influenza virus detected in the nasopharyngeal swab samples during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza season in Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Thesis in Pediatrics. Ankara, 2019.
  • 24. Tanriover MD, Bagci Bosi T, Ozisik L. Poor outcomes among elderly patients hospitalized for influenza-like illness. 2018;34(7):1201–7.
  • 25. Hekimoglu CH, Emek M, Avci E, Topal S, Demiroz M, Ergor G. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory Confirmed Influenza in 2014–2015 Season in Turkey: A Test-Negative Case Control Study. Balkan Medical Journal 2018;35(1):77–83.
  • 26. del Pozo, SVF, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, Alvarez-Martín E, López-de Andrés A, de Miguel AG et al. Influenza vaccination coverage and related factors among Spanish children. Journal of Infection 2007;54(5):483–9.
  • 27. Lukšić I, Clay S, Falconer R, Pulanić D, Rudan I, Campbell H et al. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in children–a systematic review and metaanalysis. Croatian Medical Journal 2013;54(2):135–45.
  • 28. Orrico-Sánchez A, Valls-Arévalo Á, Garcés-Sánchez M, Aldeán JÁ, & de Lejarazu Leonardo RO. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccination in healthy children. A review of current evidence. Enfermedades Infecciosas ve Microbiología Clínica 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2022.02.005
  • 29. Buchan SA, Chung H, Campitelli MA, Crowcroft NS, Gubbay JB, Karnauchow T, ... & Kwong JC. Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010–11 to 2013–14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada. PloS One, 2017;12(11): e0187834.
  • 30. Blyth CC, Macartney KK, Hewagama S, Senenayake S, Friedman ND, Simpson G, ... & Cheng AC. Influenza epidemiology, vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness in children admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2014: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN). Eurosurveillance 2016;21(30):30301.
  • 31. Blyth CC, Jacoby P, Effler PV, Kelly H, Smith DW, Robins C., ... & WAIVE Study Team. Effectiveness of trivalent flu vaccine in healthy young children. Pediatrics 2014;133(5):1218–25.
  • 32. Yanik A, Şahin MK. Influenza vaccination rates and related factors in patients with chronic heart disease: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital. Ankara Med J 2021;(4):619–34.
  • 33. Bertoldo G, Pesce A, Pepe A, Pelullo CP, Di Giuseppe G, & Collaborative Working Group. Seasonal influenza: Knowledge, attitude and vaccine uptake among adults with chronic conditions in Italy. PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0215978.
  • 34. Mertz D, Kim TH, Johnstone J, Lam PP, Science M, Kuster SP, et al. Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5061. PMID:23974637
  • 35. Giacomelli A, Galli M, Maggi S, Pagani G, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pedone C., ... & Adorni F. Missed opportunities of flu vaccination in Italian target categories: Insights from the online EPICOVID 19 survey. Vaccines 2020;8(4):669.
  • 36. Giacomelli A, Galli M, Maggi S, Noale M, Trevisan C, Pagani G, ... & Adorni F. Influenza vaccination uptake in the general Italian population during the 2020–2021 flu season: Data from the EPICOVID-19 online web-based survey. Vaccines 2022;10(2):293.
  • 37. Akdur R. Global epidemic of swine flu. Journal of Science Utopia 2011;17(203):36–45.
  • 38. Schmid P, Rauber D, Betsch C, Lidolt G, & Denker ML. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior–a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS One 2017;12(1):e0170550.
  • 39. Ganczak M, Kalinowski P, Drozd-Dąbrowska M, Biesiada D, Dubiel P, Topczewska K, ... & Korzeń M. School life and influenza immunization: A cross-sectional study on vaccination coverage and influencing determinants among Polish teachers. Vaccine 2020;38(34):5548–55.
  • 40. Valentino S, & Suit L. Increasing Intent to Vaccinate for Seasonal Influenza. Journal of Community Health Nursing 2020;37(2):49–64.
  • 41. İncili D. The level of knowledge about the vaccines of the mothers of children who apply to child policlinics. Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health Copper village Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Master Thesis, Istanbul, 2009.
  • 42. Topaloğlu N, Yıldırım S, Tekin M, Sacar S, Peker E et al. Opinions of families of children with upper respiratory tract infection about influenza vaccine. International Journal of Clinical Research 2013;1(1):10–13.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gonul Gokcay

Dogan Akca This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gokcay, G., & Akca, D. (2022). Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, 12(3), 192-200.
AMA Gokcay G, Akca D. Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. December 2022;12(3):192-200.
Chicago Gokcay, Gonul, and Dogan Akca. “Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 3 (December 2022): 192-200.
EndNote Gokcay G, Akca D (December 1, 2022) Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 12 3 192–200.
IEEE G. Gokcay and D. Akca, “Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines”, KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 192–200, 2022.
ISNAD Gokcay, Gonul - Akca, Dogan. “Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 12/3 (December 2022), 192-200.
JAMA Gokcay G, Akca D. Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2022;12:192–200.
MLA Gokcay, Gonul and Dogan Akca. “Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, pp. 192-00.
Vancouver Gokcay G, Akca D. Examination of Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Flu and the Factors Affecting Their Decision to Get Flu Vaccines. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2022;12(3):192-200.