Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 101 - 108, 29.08.2024

Abstract

References

  • 1. Amodio E, Vitale F, Cimino L, Casuccio A, Tramuto F. Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): First Evidences From International Scientific Literature and Pending Questions. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):51.
  • 2. Nishiura H, Linton NM, Akhmetzhanov AR. Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(2):488.
  • 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), https://www.who.int/health-topics/ coronavirus#tab=tab_1; 2021[accessed 08.09.2021]
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). 14.9 million excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-millionexcess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in2020-and-2021 2021; 2021 [accessed 10.05.2022]
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Covıd-19 SARS-Cov-2 Enfeksiyonu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Eklenti/39551/0/covid-19rehberigenelbilgilerepidemiyolojivet anipdf.pdf; 2022 [accessed 10.05.2022]
  • 6. Bilir N, Erbaydar N.P. Yaşlılık Sorunları. In: Güler, Ç., Akın, L. ed. Halk Sağlığı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2011:15281529.
  • 7. Baykan Z. Yaşlı Sağlığı. In: Öztürk, Y., Günay, O. ed. Halk Sağlığı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2011:1299
  • 8. World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing, https://www. who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 9. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=IstatistiklerleYaslilar-2021-45636; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 10. World Health Organization (WHO). Older people and COVID-19, https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinantsof-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/covid-19; 2021 [accessed 09.09.2021]
  • 11. Yıldırım, E.A. Pandeminin sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığına etkisi. 4. Uluslararası 22. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongre Kitabı, 2020: 13-19 Aralık 2020.
  • 12. T.C. Antalya Valiliği. İl Umumi Hıfzısıhha Kurulu Kararı, http://www.antalya.gov.tr/il-umumi-hifzissihha-kurulu202203-karari; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 13. Yıldırım, H, Işık K, Aylaz R. The Effect of anxiety leveles of elderly people in quarantine on depression during covid-19 pandemic. Social Work in Public Health. 2021;36(2):194–204.
  • 14. Naharcı MI, Katipoğlu B, Taşcı İ. Coronavirus 2019(COVID-19) outbreak and geropsychiatric care for older adults: a view from Turkey. International Psychogeriatrics. 2022;32(10):1193–1197.
  • 15. Durmuş M, Öztürk Z. The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Older Adults’ Hopelessness, Loneliness and Spiritual WallBeing in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health. 2022;61:851865.
  • 16. Taherdoost H. Determining sample size;how to calculate survey sample size. International Journal of Economics and Management Systems. 2017;2237–239.
  • 17. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. American Sociological Stress. 1983;24(4):38596.
  • 18. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 2013;51(3):132–40.
  • 19. Kahraman B, Uğur TD, Girgin D, Koçak AB. Covıd-19 Döneminde Yaşlı Olmak:65 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Pandemi Sürecinde Yaşadığı Sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;39(1):124–43.
  • 20. Rossi R, Soccci V, Talevi D, Mensi S, Niolu C, Pacitti F, et al. Covıd-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures Impact on Mental Health Among the General Population in Italy. Front Pschiatry. 2020;11:790.
  • 21. Carson J, Prescott J, Allen R, McHugh S. Winter is coming: Age and early psychological concomitants of the Covid-19 pandemic in England. J. Public Ment. Health. 2020;19:221–30.
  • 22. Nwachukwu I, Nkire N, Shalaby R, Hrabok M, Vuong W, Gusnowski A, et al. V. I. O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada. International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(6366):1–10.
  • 23. Amicuci G, Salfi F, Da’Atri A, Viselli L, Ferara M. The differential impact of covıd-19 lockdown on sleep quality, insomnia, depression, stress, and anxiety among late adolescents and elderly in Italy. Brain Science. 2021;11:1–11.
  • 24. Alimoradi Z, Broström A, Tsang HW, Griffiths MD, Haghayegh S, Ohayon MM, et al. Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its’ association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;36:100916.
  • 25. Tilburg TG, Steinmetz S, Stolte E, Roest HVD, Vries DHD. Loneliness and mental health during the covıd-19 pandemic: a study among dutch older adults. The Journals of Gerentology. 2020;76(7):249–55.
  • 26. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı. 65 Yaş ve üstü ile kronik rahatsızlığı olanlara sokağa çıkma yasağı genelgesi. https://www. icisleri. gov. tr/65-yas-ve-ustu-ile-kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlarasokaga-cikma-yasagi-genelgesi;2022[Accessed 08. 09. 2022]
  • 27. Kelvin DJ, Rubino S. Fear of the novel coronavirus. J. Infect. Dev. Countries. 2020;14(1):1–2.
  • 28. Baker E, Clark LL. Biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assess impact of social distancing and isolation on mental health in older adults. British Journal of Community Nursing. 2020;25(5):231–38.
  • 29. Donovan NJ, Blazer D. Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Review and commentary of a national academies report. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2020;28(12):1233–244.
  • 30. Doğanay G, Çopur Z. Yaşlı nüfusun covıd-19 salgınına ilişkin görüşleri: Giresun ili örneği. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi. 2020;76:59–74.
  • 31. Klaiber P, Wen, JH, Delongis A, Sin, NL. The ups and down of daiy life during covıd-19: age differences in affect, stress, and positive event. Journal of Gerontologcal: Psyschological Sciences. 2020;76(2):30–7.
  • 32. Başer DA, Çevik M, Gümüştakim Ş, Başara E. Assessment of individuals’ attitude, knowledge and anxiety towards COVID-19 at the first period of the outbreak in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional survey. The International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;74(12):1–8.
  • 33. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020;1–14.
  • 34. Vural PI, Bakır N, Demir C. The Effect of Religious Coping on Geriatric Anxiety İn a Group of Older Turkish Women During T he Covid-19 Pandemic Period. Turkish Journal Geriatrics. 2022;25(2):282–290.
  • 35. Limcaoco SG, Mateos EM, Lopez MTL, Casas AM, Fernandez JM, Roncero C. Perceived stress in different countries at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2021;0(0):1–14.
  • 36. Fernandez LG, Ferreiro VR, Roldan PDL, Padila S, Jimenez RR. Mental health in elderly spanish people in times of covıd-19 outbreak. Am J Of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2020;28(10):1040–45.
  • 37. Scott SB, Sliwinski MJ, Fields FB. Age differences in emotional responses to Daily stress: The role of timing, severety, and global perceived stress. Psychol Aging. 2013;28(4):1.
  • 38. Uchino BN, Berg CA, Smith TW, Pearce G, Skinner M. Agerelated differences in ambulatory blood pressure during Daily stress: Evidence for greater blood pressure reactivity with age. Psychology and Aging. 2006;21(2):231–39.
  • 39. Macledod S, Musich S, Hawkins K, Alsgaard K, Wicker ER. T he impact of resilience among older adults. Geriatric Nursing. 2016;37(4):266–77.
  • 40. Koşar NG. Sosyal Hizmetlerde Yaşlı Refah Alanı. Şafak Matbaacılık;1996:4–8.
  • 41. Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G, Çunkuş N. Yaşlılıkta sosyal izolasyon ve yanlızlık. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;15(26):4540–62.
  • 42. Doğan S, Başer M. Yaşlılarda Yanlızlık: Bir Saha Araştırması. Journal of Health Sciences and Management. 2019;1(1):1–10.
  • 43. Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions. Psychiarty Reserach. 2020;289:112983.
  • 44. Lim LL, Kua E-H. Living Alone, Loneliness, and Psychological Well-Being of Older Persons in Singapore. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2011;1–9.
  • 45. Kasar KS, Karaman E. Life in lockdown: Social isolation, loneliness and quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Geriatring Nursing. 2021;42:1222–29.
  • 46. Özmete E. Yaşlılıkta yaşamın anlamının refah göstergeleri ile yordanması. Aile ve Toplum Eğitim Kültür ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2008;10(4):1–14

Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 101 - 108, 29.08.2024

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to determine the concerns and stress levels of individuals over the age of 65 towards COVID-19.
Material and Method: The data of this sectional study was collected both through an online survey and face-to-face between February 15 and March 13, 2022. Seven hundred and sixty nine surveys that met the criteria for data quality were included in the study. Both a questionnaire prepared by the researchers to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of older people and their concerns state during COVID-19 and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used. Statistical analysis of the results obtained in the study was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for IBM 25 package program.
Results: 49.9% of the participants were diagnosed with COVID-19. Additionally, 80.5% of the participants reported experiencing changes in their living circumstances as a result of the pandemic, while 88.2% reported feeling anxious during this period. The participants were seen to have an average score of 29.82±2.58 on the perceived stress scale. A statistically significant difference was seen in the average score of the perceived stress scale when comparing individuals based on their marital status, income, place of residence, presence of chronic condition (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the participants’ reported stress level was moderate, with a significant number of persons experiencing anxiety.

References

  • 1. Amodio E, Vitale F, Cimino L, Casuccio A, Tramuto F. Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): First Evidences From International Scientific Literature and Pending Questions. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):51.
  • 2. Nishiura H, Linton NM, Akhmetzhanov AR. Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(2):488.
  • 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), https://www.who.int/health-topics/ coronavirus#tab=tab_1; 2021[accessed 08.09.2021]
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). 14.9 million excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-millionexcess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in2020-and-2021 2021; 2021 [accessed 10.05.2022]
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Covıd-19 SARS-Cov-2 Enfeksiyonu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Eklenti/39551/0/covid-19rehberigenelbilgilerepidemiyolojivet anipdf.pdf; 2022 [accessed 10.05.2022]
  • 6. Bilir N, Erbaydar N.P. Yaşlılık Sorunları. In: Güler, Ç., Akın, L. ed. Halk Sağlığı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2011:15281529.
  • 7. Baykan Z. Yaşlı Sağlığı. In: Öztürk, Y., Günay, O. ed. Halk Sağlığı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2011:1299
  • 8. World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing, https://www. who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 9. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=IstatistiklerleYaslilar-2021-45636; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 10. World Health Organization (WHO). Older people and COVID-19, https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinantsof-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/covid-19; 2021 [accessed 09.09.2021]
  • 11. Yıldırım, E.A. Pandeminin sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığına etkisi. 4. Uluslararası 22. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongre Kitabı, 2020: 13-19 Aralık 2020.
  • 12. T.C. Antalya Valiliği. İl Umumi Hıfzısıhha Kurulu Kararı, http://www.antalya.gov.tr/il-umumi-hifzissihha-kurulu202203-karari; 2022 [accessed 27.07.2022]
  • 13. Yıldırım, H, Işık K, Aylaz R. The Effect of anxiety leveles of elderly people in quarantine on depression during covid-19 pandemic. Social Work in Public Health. 2021;36(2):194–204.
  • 14. Naharcı MI, Katipoğlu B, Taşcı İ. Coronavirus 2019(COVID-19) outbreak and geropsychiatric care for older adults: a view from Turkey. International Psychogeriatrics. 2022;32(10):1193–1197.
  • 15. Durmuş M, Öztürk Z. The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Older Adults’ Hopelessness, Loneliness and Spiritual WallBeing in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health. 2022;61:851865.
  • 16. Taherdoost H. Determining sample size;how to calculate survey sample size. International Journal of Economics and Management Systems. 2017;2237–239.
  • 17. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. American Sociological Stress. 1983;24(4):38596.
  • 18. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 2013;51(3):132–40.
  • 19. Kahraman B, Uğur TD, Girgin D, Koçak AB. Covıd-19 Döneminde Yaşlı Olmak:65 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerin Pandemi Sürecinde Yaşadığı Sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;39(1):124–43.
  • 20. Rossi R, Soccci V, Talevi D, Mensi S, Niolu C, Pacitti F, et al. Covıd-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures Impact on Mental Health Among the General Population in Italy. Front Pschiatry. 2020;11:790.
  • 21. Carson J, Prescott J, Allen R, McHugh S. Winter is coming: Age and early psychological concomitants of the Covid-19 pandemic in England. J. Public Ment. Health. 2020;19:221–30.
  • 22. Nwachukwu I, Nkire N, Shalaby R, Hrabok M, Vuong W, Gusnowski A, et al. V. I. O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada. International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(6366):1–10.
  • 23. Amicuci G, Salfi F, Da’Atri A, Viselli L, Ferara M. The differential impact of covıd-19 lockdown on sleep quality, insomnia, depression, stress, and anxiety among late adolescents and elderly in Italy. Brain Science. 2021;11:1–11.
  • 24. Alimoradi Z, Broström A, Tsang HW, Griffiths MD, Haghayegh S, Ohayon MM, et al. Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its’ association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;36:100916.
  • 25. Tilburg TG, Steinmetz S, Stolte E, Roest HVD, Vries DHD. Loneliness and mental health during the covıd-19 pandemic: a study among dutch older adults. The Journals of Gerentology. 2020;76(7):249–55.
  • 26. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı. 65 Yaş ve üstü ile kronik rahatsızlığı olanlara sokağa çıkma yasağı genelgesi. https://www. icisleri. gov. tr/65-yas-ve-ustu-ile-kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlarasokaga-cikma-yasagi-genelgesi;2022[Accessed 08. 09. 2022]
  • 27. Kelvin DJ, Rubino S. Fear of the novel coronavirus. J. Infect. Dev. Countries. 2020;14(1):1–2.
  • 28. Baker E, Clark LL. Biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assess impact of social distancing and isolation on mental health in older adults. British Journal of Community Nursing. 2020;25(5):231–38.
  • 29. Donovan NJ, Blazer D. Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Review and commentary of a national academies report. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2020;28(12):1233–244.
  • 30. Doğanay G, Çopur Z. Yaşlı nüfusun covıd-19 salgınına ilişkin görüşleri: Giresun ili örneği. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi. 2020;76:59–74.
  • 31. Klaiber P, Wen, JH, Delongis A, Sin, NL. The ups and down of daiy life during covıd-19: age differences in affect, stress, and positive event. Journal of Gerontologcal: Psyschological Sciences. 2020;76(2):30–7.
  • 32. Başer DA, Çevik M, Gümüştakim Ş, Başara E. Assessment of individuals’ attitude, knowledge and anxiety towards COVID-19 at the first period of the outbreak in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional survey. The International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;74(12):1–8.
  • 33. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020;1–14.
  • 34. Vural PI, Bakır N, Demir C. The Effect of Religious Coping on Geriatric Anxiety İn a Group of Older Turkish Women During T he Covid-19 Pandemic Period. Turkish Journal Geriatrics. 2022;25(2):282–290.
  • 35. Limcaoco SG, Mateos EM, Lopez MTL, Casas AM, Fernandez JM, Roncero C. Perceived stress in different countries at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2021;0(0):1–14.
  • 36. Fernandez LG, Ferreiro VR, Roldan PDL, Padila S, Jimenez RR. Mental health in elderly spanish people in times of covıd-19 outbreak. Am J Of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2020;28(10):1040–45.
  • 37. Scott SB, Sliwinski MJ, Fields FB. Age differences in emotional responses to Daily stress: The role of timing, severety, and global perceived stress. Psychol Aging. 2013;28(4):1.
  • 38. Uchino BN, Berg CA, Smith TW, Pearce G, Skinner M. Agerelated differences in ambulatory blood pressure during Daily stress: Evidence for greater blood pressure reactivity with age. Psychology and Aging. 2006;21(2):231–39.
  • 39. Macledod S, Musich S, Hawkins K, Alsgaard K, Wicker ER. T he impact of resilience among older adults. Geriatric Nursing. 2016;37(4):266–77.
  • 40. Koşar NG. Sosyal Hizmetlerde Yaşlı Refah Alanı. Şafak Matbaacılık;1996:4–8.
  • 41. Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G, Çunkuş N. Yaşlılıkta sosyal izolasyon ve yanlızlık. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;15(26):4540–62.
  • 42. Doğan S, Başer M. Yaşlılarda Yanlızlık: Bir Saha Araştırması. Journal of Health Sciences and Management. 2019;1(1):1–10.
  • 43. Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions. Psychiarty Reserach. 2020;289:112983.
  • 44. Lim LL, Kua E-H. Living Alone, Loneliness, and Psychological Well-Being of Older Persons in Singapore. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2011;1–9.
  • 45. Kasar KS, Karaman E. Life in lockdown: Social isolation, loneliness and quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Geriatring Nursing. 2021;42:1222–29.
  • 46. Özmete E. Yaşlılıkta yaşamın anlamının refah göstergeleri ile yordanması. Aile ve Toplum Eğitim Kültür ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2008;10(4):1–14
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Preventative Health Care
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aygül Öztürk

Sinan Aslan

Publication Date August 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, A., & Aslan, S. (2024). Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, 14(2), 101-108.
AMA Öztürk A, Aslan S. Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. August 2024;14(2):101-108.
Chicago Öztürk, Aygül, and Sinan Aslan. “Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 2 (August 2024): 101-8.
EndNote Öztürk A, Aslan S (August 1, 2024) Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 14 2 101–108.
IEEE A. Öztürk and S. Aslan, “Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study”, KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2024.
ISNAD Öztürk, Aygül - Aslan, Sinan. “Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 14/2 (August 2024), 101-108.
JAMA Öztürk A, Aslan S. Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2024;14:101–108.
MLA Öztürk, Aygül and Sinan Aslan. “Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 14, no. 2, 2024, pp. 101-8.
Vancouver Öztürk A, Aslan S. Determining the Concerns and Stress Levels of the Elderly Population About COVID-19: A Sectional Study. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2024;14(2):101-8.