Erken Modern Avrupa Heykellerinde Müslüman Esirler

Year 2022, Issue: 14, 98 - 124, 15.12.2022

Nabil Matar

https://doi.org/10.38060/kare.1186654

Abstract

Erken modern dönemde Avrupalılar Müslümanları tutsak ederek sayıları, geldikleri yerleri ve fiziksel görünümleri gibi bilgilerini kaydetmişlerdir. Köle sahipleri, tüccarlar, kayıt tutanlar, deniz kaptanları, kilise ve devlet memurları ve tutsakların yürüdüğü, çalıştığı ve hatta duygusal bağ kurduğu kasaba ve şehir sakinleri için Türklerin deneyimleri, kadırga kölelerinin veya maden işçilerinin deneyimlerinden farklıydı. Esirlerin çoğu efendileriyle meslekleri, aileleri, en sevdikleri yiyecekler, bölgesel gelenekleri ve kasabaları hakkında konuşurlardı. Hikayeleri bu tutulan kayıtlar sayesinde bugüne dek ulaşmıştır. Müslümanları çeşitli rollerde, ayırt edici özellikler ve fiziksel niteliklerle tasvir eden hikayeler yaratılmış olsa da Türk'ün heykellerdeki tasviri sürekli olarak aynıdır: yenilgi ve aşağılanma ile basmakalıp hale getirilmiştir. Bu dönemde, korkutucu ve güçlü Türkleri utanç verici bir yenilgi ve teslimiyet içinde tasvir etmek daha etkili olduğu için erkek Türkler heykelde daha çok yer alır. Heykellerde tasvir edilen Türkler, anlattıkları hikayelerdeki sesini kaybetmek zorunda bırakılmıştır. Bu makale, erken modern dönemde Türklerin heykellerde nasıl tasvir edildiğini incelemektedir.
[1] Bu makale büyük ölçüde, yazarın izniyle, Mediterranean Captivity through Arab Eyes, 1517-1798 (Leiden: Brill, 2021) alınmıştır.

Keywords

Avrupa Heykeli, Esirlik, Müslüman Temsili

Muslim Captives in Early Modern European Sculpture

Abstract

In the early modern period, Europeans held Muslims captive and recorded their information, such as their number, places of origin and physical appearance. The experiences of the Turks were distinct from those of galley slaves or mine labourers for the slave masters, traders, record keepers, sea captains, church and government officials, and residents of towns and cities where captives walked, worked and even indulged in sensuous behaviour. Many captives spoke with their masters about their professions, families, favourite foods, regional traditions, and towns. Their stories arrived today thanks to these records. Although tales about Muslims were created which portrayed them in various roles and with distinctive traits and physical qualities, the portrayal of the Turk in sculpture was consistently the same: they were stereotyped in defeat and humiliation. In this period, male turcs dominated sculpture as it was more impactful to depict the intimidating and powerful Turks in shameful defeat and submission. In sculpture, the turc was forced to lose his voice heard in the stories they told. This paper studies how turcs are depicted in sculpture in the early modern period.
[1] This chapter is largely taken from Mediterranean Captivity through Arab Eyes, 1517-1798 (Leiden: Brill, 2021), with the permission of the author.

Keywords

Sculpture, Captivity, Representation of Muslims

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