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A STUDY ON AFRO-AMERICAN WOMAN SLAVE: INTERPRETING JACOBS AND MORRISON BY THE CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS MODEL

Year 2023, Issue: 16, 16 - 26, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.38060/kare.1356300

Abstract

Harriet Jacobs, who is one of the important Afro-American literature writers, described the difficulties that she and her black society faced as a black person in her autobiographical work Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(1861). Another important writer, Toni Morrison, drew attention to their own life by dealing with the experiences of a black woman in her work, which was called Beloved(1987). These two works, which form the basis of the study, have been interpreted with the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model that was developed by Teun van Dijk. First of all, the ideological discourse area in the selected works was created through this model. The activities, aims, rules, relations and resources of the “In Group” and “Out Group” actors are presented as diagrams. Thus, both works are showed to the reader in a comparative way with their main details. In order to reveal the ideological discourse of the study, the examples that identified in both works are detailed under the titles of “Subjects”, “Actors”, “Details”, “Negation”, “Evidentiality”, “Repetition”, “Irony” and “Similarities”. The definitions of the notions were explained with the foreign books. It was created a basis for an easier understanding of the examples. At the end of the study, it was determined that the selected two writers from the Afro-American literature discussed the same topics and criticized the same phenomenon as ideological discourse. The study is important in terms of the applicability of Teun van Dijk’s theory. Because it is not only used in the interpretation of the news texts, but also in the interpretation of literary texts. With the ideological discourse analysis method, it is possible to reveal the main topic in the examined work. In addition, the messages that the works want to emphasize can be detailed with the examples in subtitles. For this reason, the study aims to be a new example especially for literature studies.

References

  • Crawford, Adam. International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Dedaić, Mirjina. N. “Introduction: A peace of Word” At War with Words içinde. Editörler: Mirjina N. Dedaić ve Daniel N. Nelson, 1-27. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. New Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. New Jersy: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publication, 1985.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage, 1998.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Critical Discourse Analysis” The Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde. Editörler: D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen ve H. E. Hamilton, 352-372. USA: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. Discourse and Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Discourse and Ideology” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Studies içinde. Editör: Teun A. van Dijk, 379-408. London: SAGE, 2009.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Discourse and Knowledge” The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde. Editör: James Paul Gee ve Michael Handford, 587-604. New York: Routledge, 2012.
  • Fairclough, Norman. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman, 2010.
  • Hutcheon, Linda. Irony’s Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. UK: Routledge, 2003.
  • Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. İstanbul: Karbon Kitaplar, 2020.
  • Li, Tao, Hu, Kaibao. Reappraising Self and Others: A Corpus Based Study of Chinese Political Discourse in English Translation. Singapore: Springer, 2021.
  • Miller, Toby. The Routledge Companion to Global Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2015.
  • Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Vintage Books, 2004.
  • Nagel, Melanie. Polarisierung im politischen Diskurs. Konstanz: Springer, 2014.
  • Obeng, Samuel Gyasi., Beverly Hartford (Ed.). Surviving Through Obliqueness: Language of Politics in Emerging Democracies. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2002.
  • Taylor, Mark. C. Nots, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Tella, Akin. “Axiological Proximisation and Discourse Strategies in Fela Anikulapo-Kuti’s Anti-establishment Songs” Africa’s Radicalisms and Conservatisms: Volume II: Pop Culture, Environment, Colonialismand Migration içinde. Editörler: Edwin Etieyibo vd. 94-115. Boston: Brill, 2023.
  • Wodak, Ruth. “What CDA is about – a summary of its history, important concepts and its developments” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis içinde. Editörler: Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer, 1-14. London: SAGE, 2001.
  • Wodak, Ruth. Michael Meyer, Methods of Critical Discourse Studies, 3rd Edition, London: SAGE, 2015.

AFRO-AMERİKAN KADIN KÖLELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: JACOBS VE MORRISON’U ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ MODELİYLE YORUMLAMA

Year 2023, Issue: 16, 16 - 26, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.38060/kare.1356300

Abstract

Afro-Amerikan yazınının önemli yazarlarından olan HarrietJacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(1861) adlı otobiyografik eserinde siyahi bir birey olarak kendisinin ve toplumunun yaşadığı zorlukları anlatmıştır. Bir diğer önemli yazar Toni Morrison da Beloved(1987) adlı eserinde siyahi bir kadının yaşadıklarını ele alarak kendi hayatlarına dikkat çekmiştir. Çalışmanın temelini oluşturan bu iki eser, TeunvanDijk tarafından geliştirilen eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi modeliyle yorumlanmıştır. İlk olarak bu model aracılığıyla seçilen eserlerdeki ideolojik söylem alanı oluşturulmuştur. “İç Grup” ve “Dış Grup” olarak ikiye ayrılan eserdeki aktörlerin etkinlikleri, amaçları, kuralları, ilişkileri ve kaynakları şema olarak sunulmuştur. Böylece her iki eser de ana hatlarıyla karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde okura sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ideolojik söyleminin ortaya çıkartılması için “Konular”, “Aktörler”, “Ayrıntı Derecesi”, “Yadsıma, “Kanıtsallık”, “Yeniden Anlatım”, “İroni” ve “Benzetmeler” başlığı altında her iki eserde tespit edilen örnekler detaylandırılmıştır. Kavramların tanımları yabancı kaynaklarla desteklenerek açıklanmış ve örneklerin daha net anlaşılması için zemin oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda Afro-Amerikan yazınından seçilen iki yazarın da aynı konulara değindiği ve ideolojik söylem olarak aynı olguyu eleştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, TeunvanDijk’in bu kuramının yalnızca haber metinlerinin yorumlanmasında değil, aynı zamanda yazınsal metinlerin yorumlanmasında da uygulanabilirliği açısından önemlidir. Çünkü ideolojik söylem analizi yöntemiyle incelenen esere hâkim olan bakış açısının ortaya çıkartılması ve alt başlıklarda tespit edilen örnekler ile de eserlerin vermek istedikleri mesajların detaylandırılması mümkün kılınmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma, özellikle bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar için yeni bir örnek olmayı hedeflemektedir.

References

  • Crawford, Adam. International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Dedaić, Mirjina. N. “Introduction: A peace of Word” At War with Words içinde. Editörler: Mirjina N. Dedaić ve Daniel N. Nelson, 1-27. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. New Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. New Jersy: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publication, 1985.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage, 1998.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Critical Discourse Analysis” The Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde. Editörler: D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen ve H. E. Hamilton, 352-372. USA: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. Discourse and Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Discourse and Ideology” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Studies içinde. Editör: Teun A. van Dijk, 379-408. London: SAGE, 2009.
  • Dijk, Teun A. van. “Discourse and Knowledge” The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis içinde. Editör: James Paul Gee ve Michael Handford, 587-604. New York: Routledge, 2012.
  • Fairclough, Norman. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman, 2010.
  • Hutcheon, Linda. Irony’s Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. UK: Routledge, 2003.
  • Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. İstanbul: Karbon Kitaplar, 2020.
  • Li, Tao, Hu, Kaibao. Reappraising Self and Others: A Corpus Based Study of Chinese Political Discourse in English Translation. Singapore: Springer, 2021.
  • Miller, Toby. The Routledge Companion to Global Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2015.
  • Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Vintage Books, 2004.
  • Nagel, Melanie. Polarisierung im politischen Diskurs. Konstanz: Springer, 2014.
  • Obeng, Samuel Gyasi., Beverly Hartford (Ed.). Surviving Through Obliqueness: Language of Politics in Emerging Democracies. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2002.
  • Taylor, Mark. C. Nots, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Tella, Akin. “Axiological Proximisation and Discourse Strategies in Fela Anikulapo-Kuti’s Anti-establishment Songs” Africa’s Radicalisms and Conservatisms: Volume II: Pop Culture, Environment, Colonialismand Migration içinde. Editörler: Edwin Etieyibo vd. 94-115. Boston: Brill, 2023.
  • Wodak, Ruth. “What CDA is about – a summary of its history, important concepts and its developments” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis içinde. Editörler: Ruth Wodak ve Michael Meyer, 1-14. London: SAGE, 2001.
  • Wodak, Ruth. Michael Meyer, Methods of Critical Discourse Studies, 3rd Edition, London: SAGE, 2015.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects North American Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Öztürk 0000-0001-5588-0963

Early Pub Date December 26, 2023
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date September 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 16

Cite

Chicago Öztürk, Burcu. “AFRO-AMERİKAN KADIN KÖLELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: JACOBS VE MORRISON’U ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ MODELİYLE YORUMLAMA”. KARE, no. 16 (December 2023): 16-26. https://doi.org/10.38060/kare.1356300.

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