Change of B and Ag concentrations due to traffic density in some plants growing in Samsun city center

Abstract

Increasing population and industrialization have brought air pollution, air pollution has increased to a level that threatens human health in some cities and has become one of the most important agenda topics of today. In the city, many pollutants arise from exhaust gases, car wheels, vehicles, and vehicle wear. Because heavy metals can remain in nature for a long time without deterioration and their concentration in the environment is constantly increasing. Therefore, the determination of heavy metal concentration is of great importance in terms of determining the risky areas and risk level. Biomonitors are the most important indicators that show the change in the concentration of heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere. In this study, it was tried to determine the changes in the concentrations of B and Ag elements based on organ washing and traffic density in Euonymus japonica (Ej), Juniperus sabina (Js), and Buxus sempervirens (Bs), which can be used to monitor traffic-induced heavy metal concentration. Leaf and branch samples were collected from the individuals of the plant species that are the subject of the study, grown in areas with heavy traffic, low density, and no traffic, washing process was carried out in some of the samples, and heavy metal analyzes were made in the prepared samples, and the concentrations of B and Ag elements were determined. It was determined that different species accumulate heavy metals at different levels, and the changes in the concentrations of the elements vary depending on the organ and traffic density on the species basis.

Keywords

• Heavy metal
• Biomonitor
• Traffic
• B
• Ag

References

1. Kilicoglu, C., Cetin, M., Aricak, B., & Sevik, H. (2020). Site selection by using the multi-criteria technique-a case study of Bafra, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192 (9): 1-12.
2. Kilicoglu, C., Cetin, M., Aricak, B., & Sevik, H. (2021). Integrating multicriteria decision-making analysis for a GIS-based settlement area in the district of Atakum, Samsun, Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 143(1): 379-388.
3. Adiguzel F, Bozdogan Sert E, Dinc Y, Cetin M, Gungor S, Yuka P, Sertkaya Dogan O, Kaya E, Karakaya K, & Vural E (2021) Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 147: 1105–1120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03874-9
4. Zeren Cetin, I., & Sevik, H. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between bioclimatic comfort and land use by using GIS and RS techniques in Trabzon. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(2), 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8029-4
5. Zeren Cetin, I., Ozel, H. B., & Varol, T. (2020). Integrating of settlement area in urban and forest area of Bartin with climatic condition decision for managements. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13(8), 1013-1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00871-1
6. Sancar, M. C., & Güngör, Ş. (2020). A review of bioclimatic comfort areas determined by the new summer index in terms of tourism in antalya. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1), 53-63.
7. Deniz, A., & Güngör, Ş. (2020). Mapping with unmanned aerial vehicles systems: A case study of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University Campus. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 6(1), 27-32.
8. Cetin, M. (2020). Climate comfort depending on different altitudes and land use in the urban areas in Kahramanmaras City. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13(8), 991-999.

9. Cetin, M., & Zeren, I. (2016). Bioclimatic mapping of rural areas in Bozkurt, Turkey, for recreation. In VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium," Agrosym 2016", 6-9 October 2016, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Proceedings (pp. 2924-2931). University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture.
10. Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Zeren, I., & Akarsu, H. (2017). Assessment of the Sustainable Tourism Potential of a Natural Park for Landscape Planning: A Case Study of the Yesilyuva Nature Park. The Effects of Environmental Policies on Sustainability: Theory and Methods, 36.
11. Yilmaz, D., & Işinkaralar, Ö. How Can Natural Environment Scoring Tool (Nest) be Adapted for Urban Parks?. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 7(2), 127-139.
12. Cetin, M., Gungor, S., & Adiguzel, F. (2020). Bulanık Mantık Ve Cbs İle Kentsel Dokudaki Bozulma Miktarını Ölçmek İçin Mekânsal Model Geliştirme. Ş. Güngör, & F. Adıgüzel içinde, Kapadokya Araştırmaları İnsan Ve Mekân, (s 55).
13. Cetin, M. (2015). Using GIS analysis to assess urban green space in terms of accessibility: case study in Kutahya. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22(5), 420-424.
14. Cetin, M. (2015). Determining the bioclimatic comfort in Kastamonu City. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 187(10), 1-10.
15. Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2016). Evaluating the recreation potential of Ilgaz mountain national park in Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(1), 1-10.
16. Yilmaz, D., & Işınkaralar, Ö. Climate Action Plans Under Climate-Resilient Urban Policies. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 7(2), 140-147.
17. Zeren, İ., Cesur, A., Keskin, R., & Akarsu, H. (2018). Bazı peyzaj bitkilerinde klorofil miktarının değişimi: Samsun örneği. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 4(1), 1-10.
18. Zeren Çetin, İ. (2019). Trabzon ekoturizm potansiyelinin GIS kullanımı ile biyoklimatik konfor açısından değerlendirilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Ensitüsü).
19. Gungor, S., Cetin, M., & Adiguzel, F. (2021). Calculation of comfortable thermal conditions for Mersin urban city planning in Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 14(4), 515-522.
20. Güngör, Ş., & Çetin, M. (2021). Etkinlik turizmine katilim tercihlerinde instagram kullaniminin rolü: 7. uluslararasi portakal çiçeği karnavali örneği. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 11(3): 1409-1423.
21. Işınkaralar, K. (2022). Evaluation of Environmental Barium Concentration Biomonitoring in Tree Rings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(4), 754-759.
22. Zeren, I., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2016). The investigating of the use of plastic materials for recycling in landscape planning area in Kastamonu.
23. Zeren, I., Sevık, H., & Cetin, M. (2016). Determinants of rural tourism: a case study of Kastamonu, Turkey. In VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium," Agrosym 2016", 6-9 October 2016, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Proceedings (pp. 2603-2609). University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture.
24. Zeren, I., Cesur, A., Saleh, E. A. A., & Mossi, M. M. M. (2017). Variation of chlorophyll amount in some landscape plants: A case study of Rize. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 7(3), 807-817.
25. Zeren, I., Canturk, U., & Yasar, M. O. (2017). Change of chlorophyll quantity in some landscaping plants. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 19(2), 2.
26. Bayraktar, O. Y., Kaplan, G., Gencel, O., Benli, A., & Sutcu, M. (2021). Physico-mechanical, durability and thermal properties of basalt fiber reinforced foamed concrete containing waste marble powder and slag. Construction and Building Materials, 288, 123128.
27. Bayraktar, O. Y., Soylemez, H., Kaplan, G., Benli, A., Gencel, O., & Turkoglu, M. (2021). Effect of cement dosage and waste tire rubber on the mechanical, transport and abrasion characteristics of foam concretes subjected to H2SO4 and freeze–thaw. Construction and Building Materials, 302, 124229.
28. Cetin, M. (2015). Consideration of permeable pavement in landscape architecture. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 16(1), 385-392.
29. Cetin, M. (2016). Sustainability of urban coastal area management: A case study on Cide. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 35(7), 527-541.
30. Cetin, M. (2015). Evaluation of the sustainable tourism potential of a protected area for landscape planning: a case study of the ancient city of Pompeipolis in Kastamonu. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22(6), 490-495.
31. Ucun Ozel, H., Gemici, B. T., Gemici, E., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2020). Application of artificial neural networks to predict the heavy metal contamination in the Bartin River. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18.
32. Akarsu, H., Zeren Çetin, İ., Jawed, A. A., Abo Aisha, A. E. S., Cesur, A., & Keskin, R. (2019). Changes of some heavy metal concentrations based on organic and traffic density in Fraxinus excelsior L. International Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 1(1), 24-30.
33. Akarsu, H., Zeren Çetin, İ., Jawed, A. A., AİSHA, A. E. S. A., Cesur, A., & Keskin, R. (2019). Fraxinus excelsior L.’da bazı ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının organel ve trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı değişimi. Uluslararası Mühendislik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 24-30.
34. Bozdogan Sert, E., Kaya, E., Adiguzel, F., Cetin, M., Gungor, S., Zeren Cetin, I., & Dinc, Y. (2021). Effect of the surface temperature of surface materials on thermal comfort: a case study of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey). Theoretical and Applied Climatology 144(1): 103-113.
35. Cetin, M., Zeren, I., Sevik, H., Cakir, C., & Akpinar, H. (2018). A study on the determination of the natural park’s sustainable tourism potential. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(3), 176, 1-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-018-6534-5
36. Cetin, M., & Zeren, I. (2016). Evaluation of the value of biocomfort for Kastamonu-Inebolu. In International conference GREDIT (pp. 4-35).
37. Cetin, M., Sevik, H., & Zeren, I. (2017). Chapter 7_ Coastal biocomfort mapping for Doganyurt. OMICS, E-Books International, The Effects Of Environmental Policies On Sustainability: Theory And Methods. Eds: Nurcan Kilinc-Ata, 51, 55.
38. Cetin, M. (2017). Change in amount of chlorophyll in some interior ornamental plants. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 3(1), 11-19.
39. Aricak, B., Cetin, M., Erdem, R., Sevik, H., & Cometen, H. (2019). The change of some heavy metal concentrations in Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) depending on traffic density, organelle and washing. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(3): 6723-6734.
40. Alaqouri, H. A. A., Genc, C. O., Aricak, B., Kuzmina, N., Menshikov, S., & Cetin, M. (2020). The possibility of using scots pine needles as biomonitor in determination of heavy metal accumulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27(16): 20273-20280.
41. Alaqouri, H. A. A., Ozer Genc, C., Aricak, B., Kuzmina, N., Menshikov, S., & Cetin, M. (2020). The possibility of using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles as biomonitor in the determination of heavy metal accumulation. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 18(2): 3713-3727.
42. Aricak, B., Cetin, M., Erdem, R., Sevik, H., & Cometen, H. (2020). The Usability of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) as a Biomonitor for Traffic-Originated Heavy Metal Concentrations in Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29(2): 1051-1057
43. Cetin, M. (2020). The changing of important factors in the landscape planning occur due to global climate change in temperature, Rain and climate types: A case study of Mersin City. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(12), 2695-2701.
44. Cetin M, Sevik H, Isinkaralar K. (2017). Changes in the Particulate Matter and CO2 Concentrations Based on the Time and Weather Conditions: The Case of Kastamonu. Oxidation Communications, 40 (1-II), 477-485.
45. Isinkaralar, K. (2022). Temporal Variability of Trace Metal Evidence in Cupressus arizonica, Platanus orientalis, and Robinia pseudoacacia as Pollution-Resistant Species at an Industrial Site. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 250.
46. Cetin, M., Onac, A. K., Sevik, H., & Sen, B. (2019). Temporal and regional change of some air pollution parameters in Bursa. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12(3): 311-316.
47. Isinkaralar K (2022) Theoretical removal study of gas form BTEX onto activated carbon produced from Digitalis purpurea L. biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13399-022-02558-2
48. Isinkaralar K. (2022). Some atmospheric trace metals deposition in selected trees as a possible biomonitor. Rom Biotechnol Lett.; 27(1): 3227-3236.
49. Isinkaralar, K. (2022). Atmospheric deposition of Pb and Cd in the Cedrus atlantica for environmental biomonitoring. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 1-10.
50. Isinkaralar, K., Koc, I., Erdem, R., & Sevik, H. (2022). Atmospheric Cd, Cr, and Zn deposition in several landscape plants in Mersin, Türkiye. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(4), 1-10.
51. Cetin, M. (2016). Determination of bioclimatic comfort areas in landscape planning: A case study of Cide Coastline. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(9), 800-804.
52. Isinkaralar, K. (2022). The large-scale period of atmospheric trace metal deposition to urban landscape trees as a biomonitor. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-10.
53. Cetin, M. (2019). The effect of urban planning on urban formations determining bioclimatic comfort area’s effect using satellitia imagines on air quality: a case study of Bursa city. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(10), 1237-1249.
54. Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2016). Change of air quality in Kastamonu city in terms of particulate matter and CO2 amount. Oxidation Communications, 39(4), 3394-3401.
55. Cetin, M., Adiguzel, F., Gungor, S., Kaya, E., & Sancar, M. C. (2019). Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(9), 1103-1112.
56. Işınkaralar, Ö., & Varol, C. (2021). Kent Merkezlerinde Ticaret Birimlerin Mekansal Örüntüsü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Kastamonu Örneği. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 6(2), 396-403.
57. Coffin, J. L., Kelley, J. L., Jeyasingh, P. D., & Tobler, M. (2022). Impacts of heavy metal pollution on the ionomes and transcriptomes of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Molecular ecology, 31(5), 1527-1542.
58. Turkyilmaz, A., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Isinkaralar, K., & Saleh, E. A. A. (2020). Variation of heavy metal accumulation in certain landscaping plants due to traffic density. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22 (3), 2385-2398.
59. Cesur A, Zeren Cetin I, Abo Aisha AES, Alrabiti OBM, Aljama AMO, Jawed AA, Cetin M, Sevik H, Ozel HB (2021) The usability of Cupressus arizonica annual rings in monitoring the changes in heavy metal concentration in air. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28(27): 35642-35648. (Environ Sci Pout Res) 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13166-4; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13166-4
60. Cetin, M., Sevik, H., & Cobanoglu, O. (2020). Ca, Cu, and Li in washed and unwashed specimens of needles, bark, and branches of the blue spruce (Picea pungens) in the city of Ankara. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27(17): 21816-21825. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-08687-3
61. Cetin, M., & Jawed, A. A. (2021). The chancing of Mg concentrations in some plants grown in Pakistan depends on plant spcies and the growing environment. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 7(2), 167-174.
62. Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Turkyilmaz, A., Isinkaralar, K. (2021). Using Abies’s Needles as Biomonitors of Recent Heavy Metal Accumulation. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences 7(1): 1-6.
63. Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Aricak, B., Ozturk, A., ... & Alrabiti, O. B. M. (2019). The investigation of the changing in conccentration of some heavy metals in seeds, leaves, and branches because of traffic density: a case study of Acer Platanoides. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 5(2), 83-92.
64. Cetin, M., & Çobanoğlu, O. (2019). The possibilities of using blue spruce (Picea Pungens Engelm) as a biomonitor by measuring the recent accumulation of Mn in its leaves. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 5(1), 43-50.
65. Bozdogan Sert, E., Turkmen, M., & Cetin, M. (2019). Heavy metal accumulation in rosemary leaves and stems exposed to traffic-related pollution near Adana-İskenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191(9): 553.
66. Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., Akarsu, H., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2020). Analyzing of usability of tree-rings as biomonitors for monitoring heavy metal accumulation in the atmosphere in urban area: a case study of cedar tree (Cedrus sp.). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192 (1), 23.
67. Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., Ozel, S., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2020). Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192 (2), 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8041-8.
68. Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ozel, H.B., Pinar B. (2019) Determining toxic metal concentration changes in landscaping plants based on some factors. Air Quality Atmosphere & Health (Air Qual Atmos Health), 12, 983–991 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00717-5.
69. Sevik, H., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., Özel, H. U., & Erdem, T. (2019). Determination of changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on plant species, plant organism, and traffic density in some landscape plants. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12 (2), 189-195.
70. Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ucun Ozel, H., Ozel, H. B., Mossi, M. M. M., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2020). Determination of Pb and Mg accumulation in some of the landscape plants in shrub forms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(2), 2423-2431.
71. Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., Erbek, A., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2021). The effect of climate on leaf micromorphological characteristics in some broad-leaved species. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 6395-6407.
72. Yucedag, C., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., Abo Aisha, A. E. S., Alrabiti, O. B. M., & AL JAMA, A. M. O. (2021). The impacts of altitude and seed pretreatments on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper (Juniperus drupacea (Labill.) Ant. et Kotschy). Ecological Processes, 10(1), 1-6.
73. Yucedag, C., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2019). Variability in morphological traits of seedlings from five Euonymus japonicus cultivars. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191(5): 1-4.
74. Isinkaralar, K., Gullu, G., Turkyilmaz, A., Dogan, M., & Turhan, O. (2022). Activated carbon production from horse chestnut shells for hydrogen storage. International Journal of Global Warming, 26(4), 361-373.
75. Koç, İ. (2021) The Effect of Global Climate Change on Some Climate Parameters and Climate Types in Bolu. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 23(2), 706-719
76. Koc, I. (2021). Using Cedrus atlantica’s annual rings as a biomonitor in observing the changes of Ni and Co concentrations in the atmosphere. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(27), 35880–35886
77. Varol, T., Cetin, M., Ozel, H.B., Sevik, H., Zeren Cetin, I. (2022). The Effects of Climate Change Scenarios on Carpinus betulus and Carpinus orientalis in Europe. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. (Water Air Soil Pollut) 233(2): 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05516-w
78. Isinkaralar, K. (2020). Removal of Formaldehyde and BTEX in Indoor Air Using Activated Carbon Produced from Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) Shell. Ph.D. Thesis Hacettepe University Institute of Science Department of Environmental Engineering. Ankara, Turkey.
79. Ghoma WEO, Sevik H and Isinkaralar K (2022) Using indoor plants as biomonitors for detection of toxic metals by tobacco smoke. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01146-z
80. Turkyilmaz, A., Sevik, H., & Cetin, M. (2018). The use of perennial needles as bio-monitors for recently accumulated heavy metals. Landsc Ecol Eng 14 (1):115–120.
81. Turkyilmaz, A., Sevik, H., Cetin, M., & Ahmaida Saleh E. A. (2018). Changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on traffic density in some landscape plants. Pol J Environ Stud 27 (5):2277–2284.
82. Turkyilmaz, A., Sevik, H., Isinkaralar, K., & Cetin, M. (2018). Using Acer platanoides annual rings to monitor the amount of heavy metals accumulated in air. Environ Monit Assess 190:578.
83. Turkyilmaz, A., Sevik H., Isinkaralar K, & Cetin M. (2019). Use of tree rings as a bioindicator to observe atmospheric heavy metal deposition, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (5), 5122-5130.
84. Işınkaralar, K. & Erdem, R. (2022). The effect of atmospheric deposition on potassium accumulation in several tree species as a biomonitor. Environmental Research and Technology, 5(1); 94-100. DOI: 10.35208/ert.1026602
85. Ozel, H. B., Sen, M., Sevik, H. (2021) Change of Ba concentration by species and organ in several fruits grown in city centers, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 12(03), 143–150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0681
86. Ozel, H. B., Varol, H.N., Sevik, H. (2021) Change of Mg concentration in several plants depending on plant species, washing status, and traffic density, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 12(01), 447–453, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0551
87. Karacocuk, T., Sevik, H., Isinkaralar, K. Turkyilmaz, A, Cetin, M (2022). The change of Cr and Mn concentrations in selected plants in Samsun city center depending on traffic density. Landscape Ecol Eng 18, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-021-00483-6
88. Savas, D.S., Sevik, H., Isinkaralar, K. Turkyilmaz, A. & Cetin, M. (2021). The potential of using Cedrus atlantica as a biomonitor in the concentrations of Cr and Mn. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 55446–55453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14826-1
89. Imren, E., Kurt, R., Yucedag, C., Bilir, N., Ozel, H.B., Cetin, M., Sevik, H. (2021). Selection of Superior Clones By The Multi-Dimensional Decision Making Techniques in Scots Pine Seed Orchard, Journal of Forests, 8(1): 13-22
90. Guney, K., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., & Guney, K. B. (2016). Effects of some hormone applications on germination and morphological characters of endangered plant species Lilium artvinense L. Seeds, New Challenges in Seed Biology-Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology, Dr. Susana Araújo. InTech, 2016b, 4, 97-112.
91. Guney, K., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Guney K.B. (2016). Influence of Germination Percentage and Morphological Properties of Some Hormones Practice on Lilium martagon L. Seeds. Oxidation Communications, 39 (1-II): 466-474
92. Ozkazanc, N. K., Ozay, E., Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2019). The habitat, ecological life conditions, and usage characteristics of the otter (Lutra lutra L. 1758) in the Balikdami Wildlife Development Area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(11), 645. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-019-7833-1
93. Ozel H. B., Cetin M., Sevik H., Varol T., Isik B., Yaman B (2021) The effects of base station as an electromagnetic radiation source on flower and cone yield and germination percentage in Pinus brutia Ten. Biologia Futura 72, 359–365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-021-00085-1
94. Ozel, H.B., Abo Aisha, A.E.S., Cetin, M. Sevik, H., Zeren Cetin, I. (2021). The effects of increased exposure time to UV-B radiation on germination and seedling development of Anatolian black pine seeds. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (Environ Monit Assess) 193(7): 388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09178-9
95. Elsunousi AAM, Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Ucun Ozel H (2021) Periodical and regional change of particulate matter and CO2 concentration in Misurata. Environ Monit Assess 193(11): 707 (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09478-0
96. Shahid, M., Dumat, C., Khalida, S., Schreck, E., Xiong, T. & Nabeel N. K. (2017). Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 325, 36-58.
97. Sevik H, Cetin M (2015) Effects of water stress on seed germination for select landscape plants. Pol J Environ Stud 24(2):689–693
98. Sevik, H., Karaca, U. (2016). Determining the Resistances of Some Plant Species to Frost Stress Through Ion Leakage Method. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(8), 2745-2750
99. Koc, I., & Nzokou, P. (2018) Effects of water stress and cold treatments on the germination of two conifers (Pinus nigra and Pinus brutia) species from Turkey. Hortscience, 53(9), 259-259.
100. Shults, P., Nzokou, P., Koc, I. (2020). Nitrogen contributions of alley cropped Trifolium pratense may sustain short rotation woody crop yields on marginal lands. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 117(2), 261-272.
101. Hrivnák M, Paule L, Krajmerová D, Kulac S, Sevik H, Turna I, Tvauri I, Gömöry D (2017) Genetic variation in tertiary relics: the case of eastern-Mediterranean Abies (Pinaceae). Ecol Evol 7(23):10018–10030
102. Nowak, D. J., Walton, J. T., Dwyer, J. F., Kaya, L. G., & Myeong, S. (2005). The increasing influence of urban environments on US forest management. Journal of Forestry, 103(8), 377-382.
103. Cetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L. G., & Yılmaz, B. (2010). Efficiency of bioclimatic comfort in landscape planning process: case of Kutahya. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A, (1), 83-95.
104. Yucedag, C., Kaya, L. G., & Cetin, M. (2018). Identifying and assessing environmental awareness of hotel and restaurant employees’ attitudes in the Amasra District of Bartin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(2), 1-8.
105. Kaya, L. G., Cetin, M., & Doygun, H. (2009). A holistic approach in analyzing the landscape potential: Porsuk Dam Lake and its environs, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(8), 1525-1533.
106. Kaya, L. G. (2009). Assessing forests and lands with carbon storage and sequestration amount by trees in the State of Delaware, USA. Scientific Research and Essays, 4(10), 1100-1108.
107. Yücedağ, C., & Kaya, L. G. (2016). Hava kirleticilerin bitkilere etkileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 67-74.
108. Kaya, L. G. (2004). Cultural landscape for tourism. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 54.
109. Kaya, L. G., & Coşkun, A. (2019). Kentleri dayanikli yapmak için hesap verilebilirliğin arttirilmasi ve yüksek denetleme kurullarinin rolü. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(19), 445-456.
110. Kaya, L. G., Elinc, Z. K., Baktir, I., & Elinc, H. (2016). Utilisation potentials of maquis shrubland in sustainable landscape design. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 17(4), 1357-1369.
111. Cesur, A., Zeren Cetin, I., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., & Ozel, H. B. (2022). The Use of Cupressus arizonica as a Biomonitor of Li, Fe, and Cr Pollution in Kastamonu. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(6), 193, 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-022-05667-w
112. Cetin, M., Aljama, A. M. O., Alrabiti, O. B. M., Adiguzel, F., Sevik, H., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2022). Determination and Mapping of Regional Change of Pb and Cr Pollution in Ankara City Center. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(5), 163, 1-10.
113. Aksoy, H., Kaptan, S., Varol, T., Cetin, M., & Ozel, H. B. (2022). Exploring land use/land cover change by using density analysis method in yenice. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1-18.
114. Bilge Ozturk, G., Ozenen Kavlak, M., Cabuk, S.N., Cabuk, A., Cetin, M. (2020) Estimation of the water footprint of kiwifruit: in the areas transferred from hazelnut to kiwi. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Environ Sci Pollut Res) (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21050-y
115. Cicek, N., Erdogan, M., Yucedag, C., Cetin M. (2022) Improving the Detrimental Aspects of Salinity in Salinized Soils of Arid and Semi-arid Areas for Effects of Vermicompost Leachate on Salt Stress in Seedlings. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 197 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05677-8
116. Kaya, L. G., & Smardon, R. (2001). Sustainable tourism development: the case study of Antalya, Turkey.
117. Yücedağ, C., Kaya, L. G., & Altunay, U. L. U. (2017). Burdur kenti toplu konut ve site alanlarının peyzaj tasarım yeterliliğinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 114-122.
118. Kaya, L. G. (2006). Critical barriers to rational planning processes for the coastal zone management: the case study of Antalya, Turkey. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
119. Kaya, L. G. (2010). Application of collaborative approaches to the integrative environmental planning of Mediterranean coastal zone: case of Turkey. Journal of Faculty of Bartin Forestry, 12(18), 21-32.
120. Topay, M., Kaya, L. G., Yildirim, B., İkiz, E., & Demirtaş, S. Ö. (2003). ZKÜ Bartın Yerleşkesi Kampus Bilgi Sistemi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(5).
121. Kaya, L. G., Topay, M., İkiz, E., Dinçer, P., Öner, Ş & Doğan, F. (2005). ZKÜ bartin yerleşkesi bina bilgi sistemi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(7), 35-42.
122. Kaya, L. G., Yücedağ, C., Aşikkutlu, H. S., & Çokyiğit, H. (2018). Spatial design approaches to prevent damages from earthquake inside the buildings. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 55-62.
123. Kaya, L. G. (2007). Coastal Wetlands Protection Act: Case of Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River. Bartin Orman Fakultesi Dergisi.
124. Kaynakci Elinç, Z., & Kaya, L. G. (2018). Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Its Symbols in Turkish Culture in the Light of Mythology and Beliefs. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 5(2).
125. Çiçek, Ç., & Kaya, L.G. (2016). Soyut Resim Sanatının Mekansal Tasarımına Aktarılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(Özel (Special) 1), 9-17.
126. Sarı, E., Kaya, L. G., & Çetin, M. (2022). Köprülü Kavşaklarda Tasarım Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri: Antalya Demokrasi Köprülü Kavşağı Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 81-92.
127. Kaya, L. G., & Coşkun, A. (2019). Kentleri dayanikli yapmak için hesap verilebilirliğin arttirilmasi ve yüksek denetleme kurullarinin rolü. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(19), 445-456.
128. Aşıkkutlu, H. S., Aşık, Y., & Kaya, L. G. (2021). Determination of Temporary Shelter Areas by the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method: The Case of Burdur City Center, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(4), 807-813.
129. Yildirim, H., Aşikkutlu, H. S., & Kaya, L. G. (2020). Arazi Sanatı Sanal Uygulaması ile Farkındalık Yaratma: Burdur Gölü Örneği. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(3), 2037-2046.