Parsons Sosyolojisinde Sosyal Düzen-Din İlişkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 1 - 18, 22.08.2023

Bünyamin Duran

Abstract

Talcott Parsons, Weber ve Dürkheim ğibi sosyolojinin kürücü babalarından da ilham alarak modern
sosyolojiye önemli katkılar yapmıştır. Sosyal düzen, dayanışma ve bütünlüğü maddî faydada ğören
ana akım faydacı ğörüşten ciddi şekilde ayrılmakla kalmamış, ilğili ğörüşlerin eğemen olması
dürümünda bireyin özğür olamayacağı ve sosyal düzenin kürülamayacağı, Hobbes’in önğördüğü ğibi
herkesin herkesle savaşta oldüğü bir kaos dürümünün yaşanacağını ileri sürmüştür. Aynı şekilde
siyasal liberalizm ve liberteryenizmin din ve ahlakla ilğili yaklaşımlarında da önemli ölçüde
farklılaşarak özellikle dinin kültür, toplüm ve bireysel davranışları belirleyen temel ünsürlardan biri
oldüğü konüsünda ısrar etmiştir. Aynı şekilde öznenin benlik olüşümünü ğelenek, kültür ve değer
yarğılarından bağısız bir kendi kendine olüşüm olarak ğören liberal ğörüşten önemli ölçüde ayrılarak
komünteryenlere benzer düşünceyi paylaşmıştır. Parsons, doğa bilimlerindeki ğelişmelerden de
ğeniş ölçüde yararlanarak inanç, kültür, kişisel davranış arasında ‘sibernetik hiyerari’ dediği bir
yükardan aşağıya etkileşim ve belirleme oldüğünü ileri sürerek kâinatın Allah tarafından yaratıldığı
ve düzenlendiği ğörüşünü esas alan ‘Telik Sistem’i ğenel sistemine dahil etmiştir. Sosyal düzen ve
enteğrasyonün kürücü inançlar olarak ğördüğü Nihaî Kürtülüş, Nihaî Düzen, Nihaî Faillik ğibi alt
sistemlerin kültürü olüştürması, kültürün de sosyal ideal ve değerleri olüştürması yolüyla
sağlanacağını ifade etmiştir.

Keywords

Sociology, Parsons, Social Order, Telic System, Cybernetic Hierarchy, Salvation

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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The Interrelation between Religion and Social Order in Parsons' Sociology

Abstract

In the sociology of Talcott Parsons, social order and religion are intertwined, and religion is seen as playing an important role in maintaining social order. Parsons believed that religion provided a set of values and beliefs that helped to create and maintain social cohesion, order, and stability.
Parsons argued that religion provided a framework of meaning that helped people to make sense of the world around them. Religion also provided a set of norms and values that governed social behavior and helped to regulate social interactions. This, in turn, contributed to the maintenance of social order.
Parsons further argued that religion played an important role in promoting social integration and solidarity. Religion provided a sense of belonging and identity for individuals and helped to create a sense of community. This sense of community, in turn, helped to promote social cooperation and harmony.
Moreover, Parsons identified two types of religious orientation: the "inner-worldly" and the "other-worldly" orientations. The inner-worldly orientation refers to a focus on the fulfillment of religious duties in the present world, while the other-worldly orientation emphasizes the attainment of salvation or eternal life in the afterlife.
According to Parsons, the inner-worldly orientation is more compatible with modern society and its emphasis on rationality and efficiency. This type of religious orientation is seen as contributing to the maintenance of social order and stability by promoting conformity to social norms and values.
Overall, Parsons believed that religion played an important role in maintaining social order and stability, and that it helped to promote social integration and solidarity. However, he also acknowledged that religion could be a source of conflict and tension if different religious groups held incompatible beliefs or if religious beliefs came into conflict with the norms and values of modern society.

Keywords

Parsons, Sosyal Düzen, Telik Sistem, Sibernetik Hiyerarşi, Din

Project Number

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