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SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: AVRASYA ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 16, 353 - 372, 29.12.2017

Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu , Mehmet Songur

Abstract

Sağlık harcamalarında meydana gelen artış,
bireylerin yaşam süresini, yaşam beklentisini ve yaşam kalitesini artırarak
ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Buradan hareketle, bu çalışmada
Türkiye'nin de aralarında yer aldığı 10 Avrasya ülkesinde 1995-2014 dönemi için
kişi başına sağlık harcamaları ile kişi başına milli gelir arasındaki ilişki
araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle, Pesaran et al. (2008) yatay kesit bağımlılığı testi
kullanılmıştır. Sonrasında Hadri & Kurozumi (2012) panel birim kök testi,
Westerlund & Edgerton (2007) panel eşbütünleşme testi ve Dumitrescu &
Hurlin (2012) panel nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Bulgular, kişi başına sağlık
harcamaları ile kişi başına milli gelir arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik
ilişkisinin varlığını işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Sağlık harcamaları ekonomik büyüme panel nedensellik analizi

References

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  • Amiri, A., & Ventelou, B. (2012). Granger causality between total expenditure on health and GDP in OECD: Evidence from the Toda–Yamamoto approach. Economics Letters, 116(3), 541–544.
  • Arısoy, İ., Ünlükaplan, İ., & Ergen, Z. (2010). Sosyal harcamalar ve iktisadi büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye ekonomisinde 1960–2005 dönemine yönelik bir dinamik analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 398-421.
  • Atılgan, E., Kılıç, D., & Ertuğrul, H. M. (2016). The dynamic relationship between health expenditure and economic growth: Is the health-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey? The European Journal of Health Economics, 1-8.
  • Aydemir, C., & Baylan, S. (2015). Sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 417- 435.
  • Bakare, A. S., & Olubokun, S. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical study. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(2), 83-87.
  • Balı Eryiğit, S., Eryiğit, K. Y., & Selen, U. (2012). The long-run linkages between education, health and defence Expenditures and economic growth: Evidence from Turkey. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(6), 559-574.
  • Bedir, S. (2016). Healthcare expenditure and economic growth in developing countries. Advances in Economics and Business, 4(2), 76-86.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model spesification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Choi, I. (1993). Asymptotic normality of the least-squares estimates for higher order autoregressive integrated processes with some applications. Econometric Theory, 9(2), 263-282.
  • Cömertler Şimşir, N., Çondur, F., Bölükbaş, M., & Alataş, S. (2015). Türkiye’de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(604), 43-54.
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  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross- spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Hadri, K., & Kurozumi, E. (2012). A simple panel stationarity test in the presence of serial correlation and a common factor. Economic Letters, 115(1), 31-34.
  • Halıcı-Tülüce, N. S., Doğan, İ., & Dumrul, C. (2016). Is income relevant for health expenditure and economic growth nexus? International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 16(1), 23–49.
  • Hassan, M. S., & Kalim, R. (2012). The triangular causality among education, health and economic growth: A time series analysis of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(2), 196-207.
  • Hayaloğlu, P., & Bal, H. Ç. (2015). Üst orta gelirli ülkelerde sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 35-44.
  • Heshmati, A. (2001). On the causality between GDP and Health Care Expenditure in Augmented Solow Growth Model. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, 423, 1-19.
  • Hussain, M., Mushtaq, K., & Saboor, A. (2009). To investigate the long–run equilibrium relationship between health expenditure and gross domestic product: A case study of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 7(2), 119-122.
  • Kar, M., & Taban, S. (2003). Kamu harcama çeşitlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(3), 145-169.
  • Kar, M., & Ağır, H. (2006). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile nedensellik testi, 1926-1994. Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11, 51-68.
  • Karagül, M. (2003). Beşeri sermayenin ekonomik büyümeyle ilişkisi ve etkin kullanımı. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(5), 79-90.
  • Karataş, M., & Çankaya, E. (2010). İktisadi kalkınma sürecinde beşeri sermayeye ilişkin bir inceleme. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3, 29- 55.
  • Kıymaz, H., Akbulut, Y., & Demir, A. (2006). Tests of stationarity and cointegration of health care expenditure and gross domestic product. The European Journal of Health Economics, 7(4), 285-289.
  • Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). İktisadi büyümenin belirleyicileri ve yeni büyüme modellerinde beşeri sermayenin yeri. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 53(1), 207-230.
  • Kumar, S. (2013). Systems GMM estimates of the health care spending and GDP relationship: A note. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(3), 503-506.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C. B., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root? Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • McCoskey, S., & Kao, C. (1998). A residual-based test of the null of cointegration in panel data. Econometric Reviews, 17(1), 57-84.
  • Mehmood, B., Raza, S. H., & Mureed, S. (2014). Health expenditure, literacy and economic growth: PMG evidence from Asian countries. Euro-Asian Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(4), 408-417.
  • Mehrara, M., & Musai, M. (2011a). Health expenditure and economic growth: An ARDL approach for the case of Iran. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 3(4), 249- 256.
  • Mehrara, M., & Musai, M. (2011b). Granger causality between health and economic growth in oil exporting countries. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(8), 103-108.
  • Narayan, S., Narayan, P. K., & Mishra, S. (2010). Investigating the relationship between health and economic growth: Empirical evidence from a panel of 5 Asian countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 21(4), 404–411.
  • Ogungbenle, S., Olawumi, O. R., & Obasuyi, F. O. T. (2013). Life expectancy, public health spending and economic growth in Nigeria: A vector autoregressive (VAR) model. European Scientific Journal, 9(19), 210-235.
  • Öztürk, F., & Altun Ada, A. (2013). Is health expenditure important for economic growth in selected EU countries? The Empirical Economics Letters, 12(7), 715-722.
  • Öztürk, S., & Topçu, E. (2014). Health expenditures and economic growth: Evidence from G8 countries. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(7), 262- 267.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Selim, S., Uysal, D., & Eryiğit, P. (2014). Türkiye’de sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin ekonometrik analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 13-24.
  • Sghari, M. B. A., & Hammami, S. (2013). Relationship between health expenditure and GDP in
  • developed countries. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 3(4), 41-45.
  • Sülkü, S. N., & Caner, A. (2011). Health care expenditures and gross domestic product: the Turkish case. The European Journal of Health Economics, 12(1), 29–38.
  • Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye’de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4), 31-46.
  • Tang, C. F. (2011). Multivariate Granger causality and the dynamic relationship between health care spending, income and relative price of health care in Malaysia. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 52(2), 199-214.
  • Tansel, A., & Güngör, N. D. (1997). The educational attainment of Turkey’s labour force: A comparison across provinces and over time. METU Studies in Development, 24(4), 531- 547.
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Tıraşoğlu, M., & Yıldırım, B. (2012). Yapısal kırılma durumunda sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. Electronic Journal Of Vocational Colleges, 2(2), 111-117.
  • Westerlund, J., & Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2011). The relationships between human capital investment and economic growth: A panel error correction model. Joumal of Economic and Social Research, 13(1), 75-88.
  • Yumuşak, İ. G., & Yıldırım, D. Ç. (2009). Sağlık harcamaları iktisadi büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bir ekonometrik inceleme. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 4(1), 57-70.
  • Tokucu, E. (2012). Hyman Minsky’ nin Finansal İstikrarsızlık Hipotezi Çerçevesinde Finansal Krizler ve Çözüm Önerileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 67(2), 210.
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Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 16, 353 - 372, 29.12.2017

Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu , Mehmet Songur

Abstract

References

  • Akar, S. (2014). Türkiye’de sağlık harcamaları, sağlık harcamalarının nisbi fiyatı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 21(1), 311-322.
  • Alhowaish, A. K. (2014). Healthcare spending and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: A Granger causality approach . International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(1), 1471-1476.
  • Amiri, A., & Ventelou, B. (2012). Granger causality between total expenditure on health and GDP in OECD: Evidence from the Toda–Yamamoto approach. Economics Letters, 116(3), 541–544.
  • Arısoy, İ., Ünlükaplan, İ., & Ergen, Z. (2010). Sosyal harcamalar ve iktisadi büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye ekonomisinde 1960–2005 dönemine yönelik bir dinamik analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 398-421.
  • Atılgan, E., Kılıç, D., & Ertuğrul, H. M. (2016). The dynamic relationship between health expenditure and economic growth: Is the health-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey? The European Journal of Health Economics, 1-8.
  • Aydemir, C., & Baylan, S. (2015). Sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 417- 435.
  • Bakare, A. S., & Olubokun, S. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical study. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(2), 83-87.
  • Balı Eryiğit, S., Eryiğit, K. Y., & Selen, U. (2012). The long-run linkages between education, health and defence Expenditures and economic growth: Evidence from Turkey. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(6), 559-574.
  • Bedir, S. (2016). Healthcare expenditure and economic growth in developing countries. Advances in Economics and Business, 4(2), 76-86.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model spesification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Choi, I. (1993). Asymptotic normality of the least-squares estimates for higher order autoregressive integrated processes with some applications. Econometric Theory, 9(2), 263-282.
  • Cömertler Şimşir, N., Çondur, F., Bölükbaş, M., & Alataş, S. (2015). Türkiye’de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(604), 43-54.
  • Çakmak, E., & Gümüş, S. (2005). Türkiye'de beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme: ekonometrik bir analiz (1960 - 2002). Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(1), 59-72.
  • Çetin, M., & Ecevit, E. (2010). Sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: OECD ülkeleri üzerine bir panel regresyon analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 166-182.
  • Dumitrescu, E.-I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Eggoh, J., Houeninvo, H., & Sossou, G.-A. (2015). Education, health and economic growth in African countries. Journal of Economic Development, 40(1), 93-111.
  • Elmi, Z. M., & Sadeghi, S. (2012). Health care expenditures and economic growth in developing countries: Panel co-integration and causality. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1), 88-91.
  • Erdil, E., & Yetkiner, İ. H. (2009). The Granger-causality between health care expenditure and output: A panel data approach. Applied Economics, 41(4), 511-518.
  • Esteve, V., & Martinez-Zahonero, J. L. (2007). Testing the long-run relationship between health expenditures and GDP in the presence of structural change: the case of Spain. Applied Economics Letters, 14(4), 271–276.
  • Farazmand, H., & Hasanpour, S. (2013). The analysis of the effect of private and state educational and health care expenditures on the economic growth of Iran. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3s), 1943-1952.
  • Fazaeli, A. A., Ghaderi, H., Salehi, M., & Fazaeli, A. R. (2016). Health care expenditure and GDP in oil exporting countries: evidence from OPEC data, 1995-2012. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(2), 93-98.
  • Gerdtham, U.-G., & Lothgren, M. (2000). On stationarity and cointegration of international health expenditure and GDP. Journal of Health Economics, 19(4), 461-475.
  • Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross- spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Hadri, K., & Kurozumi, E. (2012). A simple panel stationarity test in the presence of serial correlation and a common factor. Economic Letters, 115(1), 31-34.
  • Halıcı-Tülüce, N. S., Doğan, İ., & Dumrul, C. (2016). Is income relevant for health expenditure and economic growth nexus? International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 16(1), 23–49.
  • Hassan, M. S., & Kalim, R. (2012). The triangular causality among education, health and economic growth: A time series analysis of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(2), 196-207.
  • Hayaloğlu, P., & Bal, H. Ç. (2015). Üst orta gelirli ülkelerde sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 35-44.
  • Heshmati, A. (2001). On the causality between GDP and Health Care Expenditure in Augmented Solow Growth Model. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, 423, 1-19.
  • Hussain, M., Mushtaq, K., & Saboor, A. (2009). To investigate the long–run equilibrium relationship between health expenditure and gross domestic product: A case study of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 7(2), 119-122.
  • Kar, M., & Taban, S. (2003). Kamu harcama çeşitlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(3), 145-169.
  • Kar, M., & Ağır, H. (2006). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile nedensellik testi, 1926-1994. Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11, 51-68.
  • Karagül, M. (2003). Beşeri sermayenin ekonomik büyümeyle ilişkisi ve etkin kullanımı. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(5), 79-90.
  • Karataş, M., & Çankaya, E. (2010). İktisadi kalkınma sürecinde beşeri sermayeye ilişkin bir inceleme. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3, 29- 55.
  • Kıymaz, H., Akbulut, Y., & Demir, A. (2006). Tests of stationarity and cointegration of health care expenditure and gross domestic product. The European Journal of Health Economics, 7(4), 285-289.
  • Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). İktisadi büyümenin belirleyicileri ve yeni büyüme modellerinde beşeri sermayenin yeri. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 53(1), 207-230.
  • Kumar, S. (2013). Systems GMM estimates of the health care spending and GDP relationship: A note. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(3), 503-506.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C. B., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root? Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • McCoskey, S., & Kao, C. (1998). A residual-based test of the null of cointegration in panel data. Econometric Reviews, 17(1), 57-84.
  • Mehmood, B., Raza, S. H., & Mureed, S. (2014). Health expenditure, literacy and economic growth: PMG evidence from Asian countries. Euro-Asian Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(4), 408-417.
  • Mehrara, M., & Musai, M. (2011a). Health expenditure and economic growth: An ARDL approach for the case of Iran. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 3(4), 249- 256.
  • Mehrara, M., & Musai, M. (2011b). Granger causality between health and economic growth in oil exporting countries. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(8), 103-108.
  • Narayan, S., Narayan, P. K., & Mishra, S. (2010). Investigating the relationship between health and economic growth: Empirical evidence from a panel of 5 Asian countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 21(4), 404–411.
  • Ogungbenle, S., Olawumi, O. R., & Obasuyi, F. O. T. (2013). Life expectancy, public health spending and economic growth in Nigeria: A vector autoregressive (VAR) model. European Scientific Journal, 9(19), 210-235.
  • Öztürk, F., & Altun Ada, A. (2013). Is health expenditure important for economic growth in selected EU countries? The Empirical Economics Letters, 12(7), 715-722.
  • Öztürk, S., & Topçu, E. (2014). Health expenditures and economic growth: Evidence from G8 countries. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(7), 262- 267.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Selim, S., Uysal, D., & Eryiğit, P. (2014). Türkiye’de sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin ekonometrik analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 13-24.
  • Sghari, M. B. A., & Hammami, S. (2013). Relationship between health expenditure and GDP in
  • developed countries. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 3(4), 41-45.
  • Sülkü, S. N., & Caner, A. (2011). Health care expenditures and gross domestic product: the Turkish case. The European Journal of Health Economics, 12(1), 29–38.
  • Taban, S. (2006). Türkiye’de sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Sosyoekonomi, 4(4), 31-46.
  • Tang, C. F. (2011). Multivariate Granger causality and the dynamic relationship between health care spending, income and relative price of health care in Malaysia. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 52(2), 199-214.
  • Tansel, A., & Güngör, N. D. (1997). The educational attainment of Turkey’s labour force: A comparison across provinces and over time. METU Studies in Development, 24(4), 531- 547.
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Tıraşoğlu, M., & Yıldırım, B. (2012). Yapısal kırılma durumunda sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama. Electronic Journal Of Vocational Colleges, 2(2), 111-117.
  • Westerlund, J., & Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2011). The relationships between human capital investment and economic growth: A panel error correction model. Joumal of Economic and Social Research, 13(1), 75-88.
  • Yumuşak, İ. G., & Yıldırım, D. Ç. (2009). Sağlık harcamaları iktisadi büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bir ekonometrik inceleme. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 4(1), 57-70.
  • Tokucu, E. (2012). Hyman Minsky’ nin Finansal İstikrarsızlık Hipotezi Çerçevesinde Finansal Krizler ve Çözüm Önerileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 67(2), 210.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu

Mehmet Songur

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Saraçoğlu, S., & Songur, M. (2017). SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: AVRASYA ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(16), 353-372.
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