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EN
THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004
Abstract
The socio-economic history of aniseed in Turkey in the 20th century indicates the development of small peasantry, agricultural policies and agro-industry. Therefore, this study aims to analyse aniseed production in Turkey from the mid-1920s to the early 2000s in the triangle of state, peasant and economy. At this point, the TEKEL (State Monopoly) Administration, which creates added value to aniseed through market opportunities and raki production, has an important role in the sustainability of aniseed cultivation. Since aniseed is mostly produced by small agricultural enterprises, it has been identified as a product where farmer organisation is weak and production planning is not carried out. Since this situation causes difficulties in the marketing of the aniseed produced, it has been a part of political debates in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It is interesting to note that despite the technical advances in Turkish agriculture in the 20th century, anise production was labor intensive and remained primitive. In fact, despite the economic uncertainties caused by neoliberal agricultural policies after 1980, both the number of producers and anise production continued to increase. Despite these two contradictory situations, this study shows that TEKEL's demand for anise for raki production has ensured the sustainability of anise production in Turkey. In other words, TEKEL provided both sustainability in production, a market opportunity and value-added production for aniseed. In terms of methodology, this study approaches aniseed production from a more holistic perspective and touches upon both the daily lives of aniseed producers and political debates. The primary sources utilized in this study, such as the Presidential State Archive Documents, the minutes of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the national press, reflect the social, economic and political debates on anise production, while the Turkish Statistical Institute data show the changes in anise production by provinces over the years.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
There is no supporting institution
Project Number
Eser proje değildir.
Ethical Statement
The author of the article declares that he/she has no financial relations with any person or institution that may be a party to this study and therefore has no conflict of interest
Thanks
I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Emine Bayram, Faculty Member of Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, for her academic studies on aniseed.
References
- Akçali, Ü. (1981). Türkiye’de anason üretimi, Tekel Genel Müdürlüğü Enstitüler Müdürlüğü, İstanbul.
- Anason ziraatı nasıl yapılmalıdır (1939). İnhisarlar Matbaası, İstanbul.
- Anason ekicilerine öğütler (1954). İnhisarlar Umum Müdürlüğü, İstanbul.
- Anason ihraç imkânları (1971). İhracatı Geliştirme Etüd Merkezi, Ankara.
- Anason tarımı ve endüstrisi fizibilite raporu (2022), Antalya: Batı Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı.
- Anason, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler çalışma gurubu (TABGAÇ) El Kitapları 13, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar 2016.
- Ateş, H.(1960) İhraç mallarımızı tanıtıyoruz: Anason (pimpinella anisum). İstanbul Ticaret Odası Gazetesi, 28 Nisan 1960.
- Ayhan, F. ve Altınkaynak, D. (2020). Anason: Fizibilite raporu ve yatırım rehberi, Ankara: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı,
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Turkish Economic Geography, History of The Republic of Turkiye, History of Turkiye Economy
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
December 2, 2025
Publication Date
December 12, 2025
Submission Date
June 13, 2025
Acceptance Date
August 26, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Number: 36
APA
Ceylan, O., & Altan, S. (2025). THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 36, 871-900. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1719138
AMA
1.Ceylan O, Altan S. THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004. kaüsbed. 2025;(36):871-900. doi:10.56597/kausbed.1719138
Chicago
Ceylan, Okan, and Suna Altan. 2025. “THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004”. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, nos. 36: 871-900. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1719138.
EndNote
Ceylan O, Altan S (December 1, 2025) THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 36 871–900.
IEEE
[1]O. Ceylan and S. Altan, “THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004”, kaüsbed, no. 36, pp. 871–900, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.56597/kausbed.1719138.
ISNAD
Ceylan, Okan - Altan, Suna. “THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004”. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 36 (December 1, 2025): 871-900. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1719138.
JAMA
1.Ceylan O, Altan S. THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004. kaüsbed. 2025;:871–900.
MLA
Ceylan, Okan, and Suna Altan. “THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004”. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 36, Dec. 2025, pp. 871-00, doi:10.56597/kausbed.1719138.
Vancouver
1.Okan Ceylan, Suna Altan. THE ANISEED HISTORY OF TÜRKİYE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS (1926-2004. kaüsbed. 2025 Dec. 1;(36):871-900. doi:10.56597/kausbed.1719138