Zihin Felsefesinde Fizikselin Tanımı Sorunu

Year 2021, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 49 - 69, 15.03.2021

Tufan Kıymaz

https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.885594

Abstract

Zihin-beden sorununun birçok felsefeci tarafından zihinselle fizikselin ontolojik ilişkisini açıklığa kavuşturma sorunu olarak ele alınması, günümüz zihin felsefesi tartışmaları için “fiziksel” teriminin tanımlanması ihtiyacını doğuruyor. Fakat, zihnin fizikselliğini sorgulanma motivasyonun altında zihnin doğasına ve doğadaki yerine dair farklı sorular yatabiliyor ve bu soruları “fiziksel” terimini kullanarak sormak istediğimizde, birbiriyle uyuşmayan, bazen de kendi içinde kabul edilebilir olmayan, farklı fiziksellik tanımlamalarını kullanmamız gerekiyor. Bu çalışmada, zihin felsefesi tartışmalarında en çok kullanılan dört fiziksellik tanımlamasını inceleyerek bu tanımlamalardaki sorunları ortaya koyuyor ve sonuç olarak, günümüz zihin felsefesinde “fiziksel” terimi diyaloğu ve anlaşmayı zorlaştıran bir rol oynamaya başladığından, zihin-beden sorunu bağlamında bu terimi kullanmaktan kaçınmanın daha yararlı olacağı görüşünü savunuyorum.

Keywords

Fiziksel, Fizikselcilik, Fizik, İkicilik, Bilinç

The Problem of the Definition of Physical in Philosophy of Mind

Abstract

Since, in contemporary philosophy of mind, the mind-body problem is generally understood as the problem of explaining the ontological relation between the mental and the physical, defining “physical” presents itself as an important issue. However, the question of the physicality of the mental can stem from several distinct underlying questions and if we want to phrase those underlying questions by using the term “physical”, we are left with incompatible and, to different extents, implausible conceptualizations of the physical. In this paper, I investigate four of the most influential conceptualizations of the physical in the contemporary philosophy of mind, and I conclude that the term “physical” is best left out from the debate on the mind-body problem.

Keywords

Physical, Physicalism, Physics, Dualism, Consciousness

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