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Yolun Sonu: Kant'ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 179 - 212, 30.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1191554

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kant ve Spinoza felsefeleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Belirli bir konsensusa göre Kant Spinoza felsefesi ile çok fazla ilgilenmemektedir. Ancak çalışma Kant’ın Spinoza’yı felsefe tarihinde özel bir yere konumlandırdığını savunacaktır. Kant’a göre akıl koşullu mevcudiyetin imkanını açıklarken belirli bir düşünsel silsileyi takip etmek zorundadır. Buna göre akıl önce koşulsuza ulaşmalı oradan da koşullu mevcudiyetin imkanını kurmalıdır. Ancak bu zorunluluk koşullu ve koşulsuz arasında belirli bir ilişkiyi varsaymaktadır. Makale, Kant açısından Spinoza’nın metafiziğinin felsefe tarihinde aklın geçmek zorunda olduğu bu uğrakları en tutarlı biçimde serimleyen felsefe olduğunu savunacaktır. Şüphesiz Kant için aşkınsal realizm aklın düştüğü bir illüzyondur. Ancak bu illüzyon olumsal değil zorunlu bir illüzyondur. Bir diğer değişle, aklı bu hataya sürükleyen şey bizzat aklın kendi yapısıdır. Bu nedenle bu hatadan kaçınmanın tek yolu aklın bilme iddialarına meşruiyetini sorgulayan aşkınsal idealizm felsefesidir. Ancak, yine de, eğer akıl koşulsuzu bir bilgi nesnesi olarak ele alacaksa sonuç Spinoza metafiziği olacaktır. Bir diğer deyişle, Kant açısından Spinoza felsefesi aşkınsal realizmin zorunlu sonucudur.

References

  • Allison, H. E. (2018). Kant’s Critique of Spinoza. The Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza (ed. Richard Kennington, ss. 199-219). Washington: The Catholic University of Amerika Press.
  • Bennett, J. (1984). A Study of Spinoza’s Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Boehm, O. (2012). Kant’s Regulative Spinozism. Kant-Studien (103), 292-317. doi: 10.1515/kant-2012-0020
  • Boehm, O. (2014). Kant’s Critique of Spinoza. Oxford: Oxford Yniversity Press.
  • Boehm, O. (2018). Kant and Spinoza Debating the Third Antinomy. The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza (ed. Michael Della Rocca, ss. 482-511). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cassirer, E. (1951). The Philosophy of Enlightenment. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Curley, E. (1988). Behind the Geometrical Method: A Reading of Spinoza’s Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Della Roca, M. (2008). Spinoza. London: Routledge.
  • Descartes, R. (1982). Principles of Philosophy (trans. Valentine R. Miller and Reese P. Miller). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Grier, M. The Ideal of Pure Reason, The Cambridge Companion to Kant’s Critique Of Pure Reason (ed. Paul Guyer, ss. 266-290). USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. (1990). Lectures on The History of Philosophy Vol III, (ed. Robert Brown, trans. Robert Brown and J. M Steward.). California: University of California Press.
  • Houlgate, S. (2006). The Openning of Hegel’s Logic, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
  • Israel, J. (2011). Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights, 1750-1790. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1992). The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of The Existence of God. Theoretical Philosophy 1755-1770 (ed. David Walford, trans. David Walford, Ralf Meerbote, ss. 107-195). USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1998). Critique of Pure Reason, (ed., trans. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (2015). Critique of Practical Reason, (ed. and trans. Mary Gregor). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Melamed, Y. Y. (2018). The Building Blocks of Spinoza’s Metaphysics. The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza (ed. Michael Della Rocca, ss. 484-113). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Melamed, Y. Y. (2021). “Omnis determinatio est negatio”: Determination, Negation, and Self-negation, Spinoza, Kant, and Hegel. Spinoza and German Idealizm (ed. Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Eckart Förster. Ss. 175-196). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • Spinoza, B. (2002). Ethics. Spinoza, Complete Works (ed. Michael L. Morgan, trans. Samuel Shirley, ss.213-383). Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company.
  • Spinoza, B. (2002). The Letters. Spinoza, Complete Works (ed. Michael L. Morgan, trans. Samuel Shirley, ss.213-383). Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company.

The End of the Road: A Discussion on Kant's View of Spinoza's Metaphysics

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 179 - 212, 30.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1191554

Abstract

The study discusses the relationship between the philosophies of Kant and Spinoza. According to a certain consensus, Kant is not very interested in Spinoza's philosophy. However, the study will argue that Kant assigns Spinoza in a special place in the history of philosophy. According to Kant, reason has to follow a certain rational sequence when explaining the possibility of conditional existence. Accordingly, reason must first reach the unconditional and then establish the possibility of conditional existence. However, this necessity assumes a certain relationship between the conditional and the unconditional. The article will argue that from the point of view of Kant, Spinoza's metaphysics is the philosophy that most consistently presents these moments in the history of philosophy that reason has to pass through. Undoubtedly, for Kant, transcendental realism is an illusion reason falls into. However, this illusion is not a contingent but a necessary one. In other words, it is the very structure of the reason that leads the it to this error. Therefore, the only way to avoid this error is transcendental idealism, which questions the legitimacy of reason's claims to knowledge. However, if the reason is to treat the unconditional as an object of knowledge, the result will be Spinoza's metaphysics. In other words, for Kant, Spinoza's philosophy is the necessary outcome of transcendental realism.

References

  • Allison, H. E. (2018). Kant’s Critique of Spinoza. The Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza (ed. Richard Kennington, ss. 199-219). Washington: The Catholic University of Amerika Press.
  • Bennett, J. (1984). A Study of Spinoza’s Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Boehm, O. (2012). Kant’s Regulative Spinozism. Kant-Studien (103), 292-317. doi: 10.1515/kant-2012-0020
  • Boehm, O. (2014). Kant’s Critique of Spinoza. Oxford: Oxford Yniversity Press.
  • Boehm, O. (2018). Kant and Spinoza Debating the Third Antinomy. The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza (ed. Michael Della Rocca, ss. 482-511). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cassirer, E. (1951). The Philosophy of Enlightenment. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Curley, E. (1988). Behind the Geometrical Method: A Reading of Spinoza’s Ethics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Della Roca, M. (2008). Spinoza. London: Routledge.
  • Descartes, R. (1982). Principles of Philosophy (trans. Valentine R. Miller and Reese P. Miller). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Grier, M. The Ideal of Pure Reason, The Cambridge Companion to Kant’s Critique Of Pure Reason (ed. Paul Guyer, ss. 266-290). USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. (1990). Lectures on The History of Philosophy Vol III, (ed. Robert Brown, trans. Robert Brown and J. M Steward.). California: University of California Press.
  • Houlgate, S. (2006). The Openning of Hegel’s Logic, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
  • Israel, J. (2011). Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights, 1750-1790. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1992). The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of The Existence of God. Theoretical Philosophy 1755-1770 (ed. David Walford, trans. David Walford, Ralf Meerbote, ss. 107-195). USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (1998). Critique of Pure Reason, (ed., trans. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kant, I. (2015). Critique of Practical Reason, (ed. and trans. Mary Gregor). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Melamed, Y. Y. (2018). The Building Blocks of Spinoza’s Metaphysics. The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza (ed. Michael Della Rocca, ss. 484-113). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Melamed, Y. Y. (2021). “Omnis determinatio est negatio”: Determination, Negation, and Self-negation, Spinoza, Kant, and Hegel. Spinoza and German Idealizm (ed. Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Eckart Förster. Ss. 175-196). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • Spinoza, B. (2002). Ethics. Spinoza, Complete Works (ed. Michael L. Morgan, trans. Samuel Shirley, ss.213-383). Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company.
  • Spinoza, B. (2002). The Letters. Spinoza, Complete Works (ed. Michael L. Morgan, trans. Samuel Shirley, ss.213-383). Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Övünç Cengiz 0000-0002-3889-5300

Early Pub Date March 29, 2023
Publication Date March 30, 2023
Submission Date October 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cengiz, Ö. (2023). Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22(1), 179-212. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1191554
AMA Cengiz Ö. Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma. Kaygı. March 2023;22(1):179-212. doi:10.20981/kaygi.1191554
Chicago Cengiz, Övünç. “Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22, no. 1 (March 2023): 179-212. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1191554.
EndNote Cengiz Ö (March 1, 2023) Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22 1 179–212.
IEEE Ö. Cengiz, “Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma”, Kaygı, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 179–212, 2023, doi: 10.20981/kaygi.1191554.
ISNAD Cengiz, Övünç. “Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22/1 (March 2023), 179-212. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1191554.
JAMA Cengiz Ö. Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma. Kaygı. 2023;22:179–212.
MLA Cengiz, Övünç. “Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, 2023, pp. 179-12, doi:10.20981/kaygi.1191554.
Vancouver Cengiz Ö. Yolun Sonu: Kant’ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma. Kaygı. 2023;22(1):179-212.

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