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Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 648 - 659, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1348193

Abstract

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four holds significant importance today partly because it remains relevant to contemporary society and partly because it warns the societies against totalitarianism. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes holds a contrary view in terms of the political system he defends, a view shaped by the circumstances his country was in. The present study aims to examine the portrayal of totalitarianism in Orwell’s dystopian masterpiece, Nineteen Eighty-Four and to explore what Hobbes contrarily argues about the necessity of a powerful authority in the establishment and continuity of a harmonious society. The writings by Orwell and Hobbes, the implications the novel carries for fundamental questions about personal freedom, autonomy, and the stifling of individuality will be analyzed by addressing to the concept of totalitarianism that is related to the arguments proposed by Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan. A philosophical consideration of the novel and comparison of how Orwell and Hobbes reacted the idea of totalitarianism in two different ways in their own contexts will encourage us to examine our own political systems, media, and societal norms today.

References

  • Connelly, Mark. (2018). George Orwell: A Literary Companion. McFarland Literary Companions.
  • Dwan, David. (2020). Orwell and Humanism. In The Cambridge Companion to Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nathan Waddell (ed.). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hietalahti, Jarno. (2018) Hangings, Shootings, and Other Funny Stuff in 1984. In 1984 and Philosophy. Ezio Di Nucci and Stefan Storrie (eds.) Chicago: Open Court.
  • Hobbes, Thomas. (1651). Leviathan and or the matter, for me, & power of a commonwealth ecclesiastical and civil. Andrew Crooke. “https://books.apple.com/tr/book/ leviathan/id499500322
  • Murray, (2020). ‘In this game we are playing’: Nineteen Eighty-Four and Video Games. in Cambridge Companion to Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nathan Waddell (ed). Cambridge University Press.
  • Orwell, George. (2000) Nineteen Eighty Four. Penguin Books.
  • Satta, Mark. (2022) “George Orwell”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/george- orwell/#SH2b
  • Sherborne, Michael. (1988). York Notes Advanced. Nineteen Eighty-Four. Longman.
  • Tännsjö, Torbjörn. (2018) Big Brother We’re Watching You!. In 1984 and Philosophy. Ezio Di Nucci and Stefan Storrie (eds.) Chicago: Open Court.

Bağışlamanın Olanağı: Aristoteles versus Derrida

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 648 - 659, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1348193

Abstract

George Orwell'in Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört'ü, kısmen çağdaş toplumla alakalı kalması, kısmen de toplumları totaliter rejimlere karşı uyarması nedeniyle bugün büyük önem taşıyor. Öte yandan Thomas Hobbes ise yaşadığı dönemde ülkesinin içinde bulunduğu koşullar çerçevesinde şekillenen tam tersi bir siyasi bir görüşü savunmuştur. Bu çalışma, Orwell'in distopik başyapıtı Bin Dokuz Yüz Seksen Dört'te tasvir edilen totaliter rejimi Analiz ederken, Hobbes’un uyumlu bir toplumun kurulması ve devamlılığında güçlü bir otoritenin gerekliliğini savunduğu görüşüyle karşılaştırma yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Orwell ve Hobbes'un yazıları, romanın kişisel özgürlük ve özerklik kavramlarına ilişkin temel sorulara yönelik vurguları ve Thomas Hobbes'un Leviathan'da bireyselliğin bastırılmasına yönelik ileri sürdüğü argümanlarla desteklediği totalitarizm görüşüne değinilerek analiz edilecektir. Romanın felsefi açıdan ele alınması ve Orwell ile Hobbes'un totalitarizm fikrine kendi bağlamlarında iki farklı şekilde nasıl tepki verdiklerinin karşılaştırılması, bizleri, bugün, kendi siyasi sistemlerimizi, medyamızı ve toplumsal normlarımızı incelemeye teşvik edecektir.

References

  • Connelly, Mark. (2018). George Orwell: A Literary Companion. McFarland Literary Companions.
  • Dwan, David. (2020). Orwell and Humanism. In The Cambridge Companion to Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nathan Waddell (ed.). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hietalahti, Jarno. (2018) Hangings, Shootings, and Other Funny Stuff in 1984. In 1984 and Philosophy. Ezio Di Nucci and Stefan Storrie (eds.) Chicago: Open Court.
  • Hobbes, Thomas. (1651). Leviathan and or the matter, for me, & power of a commonwealth ecclesiastical and civil. Andrew Crooke. “https://books.apple.com/tr/book/ leviathan/id499500322
  • Murray, (2020). ‘In this game we are playing’: Nineteen Eighty-Four and Video Games. in Cambridge Companion to Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nathan Waddell (ed). Cambridge University Press.
  • Orwell, George. (2000) Nineteen Eighty Four. Penguin Books.
  • Satta, Mark. (2022) “George Orwell”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/george- orwell/#SH2b
  • Sherborne, Michael. (1988). York Notes Advanced. Nineteen Eighty-Four. Longman.
  • Tännsjö, Torbjörn. (2018) Big Brother We’re Watching You!. In 1984 and Philosophy. Ezio Di Nucci and Stefan Storrie (eds.) Chicago: Open Court.
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Systematic Philosophy (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ufuk Özen Baykent 0000-0001-9496-7922

Early Pub Date September 24, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date August 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özen Baykent, U. (2023). Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22(2), 648-659. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1348193
AMA Özen Baykent U. Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell. Kaygı. September 2023;22(2):648-659. doi:10.20981/kaygi.1348193
Chicago Özen Baykent, Ufuk. “Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22, no. 2 (September 2023): 648-59. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1348193.
EndNote Özen Baykent U (September 1, 2023) Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22 2 648–659.
IEEE U. Özen Baykent, “Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell”, Kaygı, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 648–659, 2023, doi: 10.20981/kaygi.1348193.
ISNAD Özen Baykent, Ufuk. “Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22/2 (September 2023), 648-659. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1348193.
JAMA Özen Baykent U. Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell. Kaygı. 2023;22:648–659.
MLA Özen Baykent, Ufuk. “Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 2, 2023, pp. 648-59, doi:10.20981/kaygi.1348193.
Vancouver Özen Baykent U. Totalitarianism and Individualism Unveiled: Hobbes and Orwell. Kaygı. 2023;22(2):648-59.

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