Global Transition and Transformation Dynamics Through the Multiple Streams Framework: A Policy Analysis of Digital, Green, and Geopolitical Transformations

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of contemporary global transition and transformation dynamics—such as digital transformation, green transition, and the multipolar geopolitical order—on public policy processes through the lens of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework. Employing a qualitative research design, the study builds a theoretical foundation based on a comprehensive literature review and incorporates case analyses related to digitalization, environmental policies, and international relations. According to Kingdon’s theory, policy change occurs when three relatively independent streams—problem stream, policy stream, and politics stream—intersect at a particular point in time, creating a “policy window.” The findings indicate that in the context of digital transformation, bureaucratic inefficiencies constitute the problem stream, whereas e-government and artificial intelligence-based solutions represent the policy stream. In the case of the green transition, climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion form the core of the problem stream, while renewable energy policies and sustainability initiatives comprise the policy stream. Similarly, in a multipolar geopolitical context, wars, energy crises, and migration flows shape the problem stream, while multilateral diplomacy and regional cooperation contribute to the policy stream. In this framework, the strategic interventions of policy entrepreneurs and the availability of political opportunity structures play a decisive role in opening policy windows and enabling policy change. In conclusion, the Multiple Streams Framework offers a robust analytical tool for understanding the non-linear, complex, and uncertain nature of public policy processes, highlighting the critical importance of timing, agency, and transient opportunities in shaping successful transformation strategies.

Keywords

• Public Policy
• Policy Windows
• Multiple Streams Framework
• Digital Transformation
• Green Transformation

ÇOKLU AKIŞLAR TEORİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE KÜRESEL GEÇİŞ VE DÖNÜŞÜM DİNAMİKLERİ: DİJİTAL, YEŞİL VE JEOPOLİTİK DÖNÜŞÜMLERİN POLİTİK ANALİZİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Kingdon’ın Çoklu Akışlar Teorisi çerçevesinde dijital dönüşüm, yeşil dönüşüm ve çok kutuplu jeopolitik düzen gibi çağdaş küresel geçiş ve dönüşüm dinamiklerinin kamu politikası üretim süreçlerine etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış; ilgili literatür taraması ile teorik bir temel oluşturulmuş ve dijitalleşme, çevre politikaları ve uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında örnek olay analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Kingdon’ın teorisine göre politika değişimi; sorun akışı, politika akışı ve siyaset akışı olmak üzere üç bağımsız sürecin belirli bir zaman aralığında kesişmesiyle oluşan “politika pencereleri” aracılığıyla mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bulgular, dijital dönüşümde kamu hizmetlerinde yaşanan bürokratik verimsizliklerin sorun akışını, e-devlet ve yapay zekâ çözümlerinin ise politika akışını temsil ettiğini; yeşil dönüşümde iklim krizi, çevresel bozulma ve kaynak kıtlığı gibi unsurların sorun akışını, yenilenebilir enerji politikalarının ise çözüm alternatiflerini yansıttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı şekilde, çok kutuplu jeopolitik düzende savaşlar, enerji krizleri ve göç dalgalarının sorun akışını; çok taraflı diplomasi ve bölgesel iş birliklerinin ise politika akışını oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, politika girişimcilerinin stratejik müdahaleleri ve siyasal fırsat yapısının uygunluğu, politika pencerelerinin açılması ve politika değişiminin gerçekleşmesinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Çoklu Akışlar Teorisi, kamu politikası süreçlerinin doğrusal olmayan, karmaşık ve belirsiz doğasını anlamada etkili bir analitik çerçeve sunmakta; aktörlerin rolünü, zamanlamayı ve geçici fırsatları vurgulayarak başarılı dönüşüm stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Kamu Politikası
• Politika Pencereleri
• Çoklu Akışlar Teorisi
• Dijital Dönüşüm
• Yeşil Dönüşüm

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