Review

HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE

Volume: 6 Number: 3 November 24, 2025
EN TR

HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE

Abstract

This article aims to examine the conflicts between tobacco control policies and free trade. The tobacco industry creates a constant tension between health policies and economic interests. World Trade Organization trade agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (ATT), Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) do not adequately protect tobacco control measures from trade-based threats and these agreements aim to reduce trade barriers, increase competition, lower prices and encourage consumption. Tobacco control measures, on the other hand, seek to reduce market entry and consumption, raise prices, and restrict advertising and promotion in order to reduce health and social problems. The study analyzes the effects of tobacco control measures on trade agreements and the ways to resolve these disputes. It also assesses the balance between the tobacco industry's economic contributions and health costs. The adverse health effects of tobacco use have long been recognized. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other health organizations have proposed various control measures to reduce tobacco use. However, the economic interests of the tobacco industry and international trade agreements pose challenges to the implementation of these control measures. The article examines the complex relationship between tobacco control and trade disputes and its implications for global policies. It is qualitative research based on the analysis and evaluation of legal and administrative texts related to tobacco control policies and free trade.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethics committee approval due to its scope.

Thanks

I dedicate this study to the cherished memory of my Master's Thesis Advisor and very dear friend Prof. Dr. Sadık Çukur, who passed away in 2020 and was a faculty member of the Department of Business Administration at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences at Abant İzzet Baysal University.

References

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  6. Bialous, S. A., & van der Eijk, Y. (2020). How should global tobacco control efforts be prioritized to protect children in resource-poor regions? AMA Journal of Ethics, 22(2), 135-146.
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  8. Bossche, P., (2005). WTO rules on technical barriers to trade. Maastricht Faculty of Law working paper, (2005-6). Case, C. (2002). 491/01, The Queen v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd. and Imperial Tobacco Ltd.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Politics, Public Relations

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

November 24, 2025

Submission Date

July 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 6 Number: 3

APA
Kuş, S. (2025). HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi, 6(3), 425-454. https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1754317
AMA
1.Kuş S. HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE. JPAP. 2025;6(3):425-454. doi:10.58658/kaypod.1754317
Chicago
Kuş, Sebahattin. 2025. “HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE”. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi 6 (3): 425-54. https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1754317.
EndNote
Kuş S (November 1, 2025) HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE. Kamu Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi 6 3 425–454.
IEEE
[1]S. Kuş, “HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE”, JPAP, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 425–454, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.58658/kaypod.1754317.
ISNAD
Kuş, Sebahattin. “HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE”. Kamu Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi 6/3 (November 1, 2025): 425-454. https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1754317.
JAMA
1.Kuş S. HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE. JPAP. 2025;6:425–454.
MLA
Kuş, Sebahattin. “HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE”. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, Nov. 2025, pp. 425-54, doi:10.58658/kaypod.1754317.
Vancouver
1.Sebahattin Kuş. HEALTH OR FREE TRADE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN TOBACCO CONTROL AND FREE TRADE. JPAP. 2025 Nov. 1;6(3):425-54. doi:10.58658/kaypod.1754317

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