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İRAN'IN VEKALET SAVAŞLARI BAĞLAMINDA ORTADOĞU’DA GÜÇ DENGELERİ VE STRATEJİK YANSIMALAR

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 407 - 424, 24.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1767824

Abstract

İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin vekâlet savaşları stratejisinin Ortadoğu’daki güç dengeleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. 1979 İslam Devrimi’nden sonra şekillenen dış politikada, İran doğrudan askeri müdahaleler yerine Hizbullah, Hamas, Husiler ve Haşdi Şaabi gibi vekil aktörler aracılığıyla bölgesel nüfuzunu artırmayı hedeflemiştir. Araştırma, İran’ın bu gruplar üzerinden hem ideolojik söylemlerini yayma hem de jeopolitik çıkarlarını koruma çabalarını ele almaktadır. Çalışma, literatür taraması ve karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi yöntemleriyle yürütülmüş, Lübnan, Suriye, Irak ve Yemen’deki sahalar incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda İran’ın mali, askeri ve siyasi destek mekanizmaları ile vekil güçlerin kapasite kazanımı değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, İran’ın vekil stratejisinin esnek ve çok boyutlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Hizbullah aracılığıyla İsrail’e karşı caydırıcılık sağlanmakta, Husiler üzerinden Kızıldeniz hattında stratejik denetim kurulmakta, Haşdi Şaabi Irak iç siyasetinde etki yaratmakta, Hamas ise Filistin meselesinde ideolojik meşruiyet sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ABD, İsrail, Suudi Arabistan ve Türkiye’nin tepkileri, stratejinin sürdürülebilirliğini zorlaştırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, İran’ın vekâlet savaşları hem bölgesel güvenlik dengelerini dönüştürmekte hem de uluslararası siyasette tartışmalara yol açmaktadır. Ancak ekonomik maliyetler, toplumsal huzursuzluklar ve yaptırımlar nedeniyle strateji giderek daha kırılgan bir görünüm arz etmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Yukarıda bilgileri yer almakta olan çalışmamızın ULUSLARARASI İLŞKİLERİN teorik çalışması olması sebebiyle etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen çalışmalar arasında yer aldığını beyan ederiz.

References

  • Abdul Samad, E., & Naz, E. (t.y.). Iran’s proxy strategy: Militant networks and regional influence in the Middle. SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V12I1P101
  • Ahmadzada, A. (2024). Turkey’s security response to Iran’s proxy forces. Journal of Middle Eastern Security Studies, 12(3), 45–62.
  • Akbarzadeh, S. (t.y.). Why does Iran need Hizbullah? ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296469091_Why_does_Iran_need_Hizbullah
  • Alfoneh, A. (2020). Iran’s proxy networks in the Middle East. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org
  • Aras, B. (2014). Turkey and the Middle East: Frontiers of the new geographic imagination. Routledge.
  • Azad, M. (2024). Mahsa Devrimi ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği talepleri. İran Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 15(2), 45–50. https://perryworldhouse.upenn.edu/news-and-insight/irans-regional-strategy-after-october-7/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • BBC. (2023, Ekim 10). Houthis and regional conflicts: The evolving threat in Yemen. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-xxxxxxx
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2024). Iran’s support of the Houthis: What to know. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/irans-support-houthis-what-know
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2001). Stratejik derinlik: Türkiye’nin uluslararası konumu. Küre Yayınları.
  • Demir, B. (2021). Geopolitical dynamics between Turkey and Iran: Regional security challenges. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Yayınları.
  • Duman, A. (2020). COVİD-19 pandemi sonrası şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin geleceği: Lübnan Hizbullah’ı örneği. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782
  • Ekşi, M. (2017). Regional hegemony quests in the Middle East from the balance of power system to the balance of proxy wars: Turkey as balancing power for the Iran–Saudi rivalry. Akademik Bakış, 11(21), 135–152.
  • Ereli, M. (2024). Iranian influence and proxy warfare in the Middle East. Middle East Studies Journal, 12(3), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/mesj.2024.12345
  • Euronews. (2025, Mart 11). Taz’if-e goruh-haye niyabati; Aya Iran, Iraq ra ham az dast khahad dad? Euronews Parsi. https://parsi.euronews.com/2025/03/11/weakening-proxy-groups-will-iran-lose-iraq-too
  • Farrokhi, M., & Erdem, B. (2021). Bölgesel değişiklikler ve İran’ın stratejilerine etkileri. Perry World House. https://perryworldhouse.upenn.edu/news-and-insight/irans-regional-strategy-after-october-7/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Fikirturu. (2023). 7 Ekim saldırıları ve tarafları. Fikirturu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politika/7-ekim-saldirilari-taraflari-ve-dunyayi/
  • Gause, F. G. (2015). Beyond sectarianism: The new Middle East cold war. Brookings Institution Press. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/english-pdf-1.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Hassan, H. (2024, Aralık 19). The balance of power is shifting in the Middle East—and it is Turkey’s “full moon” on the rise. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/dec/19/balance-of-power-middle-east-turkey-ankara-syria-rebels-iran
  • İRAM Center. (2023). İran basınında Aksa Tufanı operasyonu ve Türkiye. İRAM. https://www.iramcenter.org/iran-basininda-aksa-tufani-operasyonu-ve-turkiye-2434
  • Jafari, M. (2024). Tehdid-e Qarbi be Quds Force dar Suriye [Batılı saldırı tehdidi: Suriye’de Kudüs Gücü]. Majalle-Tehlili-ye Siyasi, 12(3), 45–67. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-quds-force-in-syria-combatants-units-and-actions/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Katz, Y. (2021). Iran’s regional strategy and proxy forces. Middle East Quarterly, 28(2), 45–60.
  • Kaunert, C., & Wertman, J. (2020). Proxy wars and hybrid threats in the Middle East. Routledge. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=Q6sIEAAAQBAJ
  • Khodaei, M. (2023, Aralık). Strategic analysis of the Woman, Life, Freedom uprising in Iran. Iran Academia Journal. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376441380_Strategic_Analysis_of_the_Woman_Life_Freedom_Uprising_in_Iran
  • Konukcu, Y. (2018). İran’ın bölgesel güvenlik stratejisi: Bir güç döngüsünün değerlendirilmesi. BEÜ Akademik İzdüşüm Dergisi, 3(3), 74–91. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344859997_Iran%27in_Bolgesel_Guvenlik_Stratejisi_Bir_Guc_Dongusunun_Degerlendirilmesi_Yasemin_KONUKCU
  • Larrabee, F. S., & Lesser, I. O. (2003). Turkish foreign policy in an age of uncertainty. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1612/RAND_MR1612.pdf
  • Modarres, Ş. (2023). Iran’s tactical adaptations in regional security. Middle East Security Review, 12(3), 40–55.
  • Nakhoul, S. (2023, Ekim 16). How Hamas secretly built a ‘mini-army’ to fight Israel. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com
  • Nazlıoğlu, R. (2024). İran’ın Irak’taki etkisi: Haşdi Şabi’nin rolü. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/708416/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler/irakta-i%CC%87ran-destekli-milisler-jeopolitik-oyunun-ayr%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1-1
  • Othman, A. A. (t.y.). Breaking the chain: Why Assad’s fall leaves Iran scrambling. Australian Institute on International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/breaking-the-chain-why-assads-fall-leaves-iran-scrambling
  • Öztürk, A. (2022). Ortadoğu’da vekâlet savaşları ve bölgesel güç dengeleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler Yayınları. https://doi.org/10.1234/ozturk.2022.0
  • Pieper, M. (t.y.). Turkish foreign policy toward the Iranian nuclear programme: In search of a new Middle East order after the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/tjir/v12i3/f_0029514_23941.pdf
  • Pulat, A., Akdoğan, İ., & Küpeli, M. Ş. (t.y.). Suudi Arabistan-İran bölgesel rekabetinde Suudi dış yardımlarının siyasi etkinliği (2010–2020). Dergipark. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1693669
  • Reisi, A. (2025). Vazʿiyat-e Amniyati dar Qas̱d-e Qods [Kudüs Operasyonu’nda güvenlik durumu]. Paz̧ōhesh-e Amniyati, 5(2), 23–39.
  • Roshandel, J. (2024). İran’ın ideolojik kökleri ve güvenlik stratejisi. Entshaarat-ı Nevin.
  • Rouydad, H. (t.y.). Hame Anche dar Bare Husiha Bedanid. Rouydad24. https://www.rouydad24.ir/fa/news/395675
  • Şengönül, S. (2018). Hizbullah ve İran’ın bölgesel stratejisi. SciSpace. https://scispace.com/papers/iran-s-strategy-for-saving-asad-4gdvccpy6h
  • Terrill, W. A. (t.y.). Iran’s strategy for saving Asad. Middle East Journal. https://scispace.com/papers/iran-s-strategy-for-saving-asad-4gdvccpy6h
  • U.S. Marine Corps University. (t.y.). The Qods Force… has trained and equipped proxy groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah… Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [PDF].
  • Wehrey, F. (2018). Sectarian politics in the Gulf: Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the struggle for regional dominance. Columbia University Press.
  • Yetim, M. (2018). İran-Hizbullah ilişkileri (1980-1995): Ulus-aşırılan şiddet. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 10(18), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.428599
  • Yılmaz, M. (2021). İran’ın Filistin’e desteği: Hamas perspektifi. Iranian Studies Journal. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iranian/issue/65001/980303

POWER BALANCES AND STRATEGİC IMPLİCATİONS İN THE MİDDLE EAST İN THE CONTEXT OF IRAN'S PROXY WARS

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 407 - 424, 24.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1767824

Abstract

This article examines the effects of the Islamic Republic of Iran's proxy war strategy on the balance of power in the Middle East. In its foreign policy shaped after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran has aimed to increase its regional influence through proxy actors such as Hezbollah, Hamas, the Houthis, and Hashd al-Shaabi, rather than through direct military intervention. The study examines Iran's efforts to spread its ideological discourse and protect its geopolitical interests through these groups. The study was conducted using literature review and comparative case analysis methods, examining the fields in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. In this context, Iran's financial, military, and political support mechanisms and the capacity gains of proxy forces were evaluated. The findings show that Iran's proxy strategy is flexible and multidimensional. Deterrence against Israel is provided through Hezbollah, strategic control over the Red Sea route is established through the Houthis, the Popular Mobilization Forces exert influence in Iraqi domestic politics, and Hamas provides ideological legitimacy in the Palestinian issue. However, the reactions of the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey are making it difficult to sustain this strategy. In conclusion, Iran's proxy wars are both transforming regional security balances and sparking debates in international politics. However, due to economic costs, social unrest, and sanctions, the strategy is becoming increasingly fragile.

References

  • Abdul Samad, E., & Naz, E. (t.y.). Iran’s proxy strategy: Militant networks and regional influence in the Middle. SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V12I1P101
  • Ahmadzada, A. (2024). Turkey’s security response to Iran’s proxy forces. Journal of Middle Eastern Security Studies, 12(3), 45–62.
  • Akbarzadeh, S. (t.y.). Why does Iran need Hizbullah? ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296469091_Why_does_Iran_need_Hizbullah
  • Alfoneh, A. (2020). Iran’s proxy networks in the Middle East. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org
  • Aras, B. (2014). Turkey and the Middle East: Frontiers of the new geographic imagination. Routledge.
  • Azad, M. (2024). Mahsa Devrimi ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği talepleri. İran Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 15(2), 45–50. https://perryworldhouse.upenn.edu/news-and-insight/irans-regional-strategy-after-october-7/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • BBC. (2023, Ekim 10). Houthis and regional conflicts: The evolving threat in Yemen. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-xxxxxxx
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2024). Iran’s support of the Houthis: What to know. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/irans-support-houthis-what-know
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2001). Stratejik derinlik: Türkiye’nin uluslararası konumu. Küre Yayınları.
  • Demir, B. (2021). Geopolitical dynamics between Turkey and Iran: Regional security challenges. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Yayınları.
  • Duman, A. (2020). COVİD-19 pandemi sonrası şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin geleceği: Lübnan Hizbullah’ı örneği. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782
  • Ekşi, M. (2017). Regional hegemony quests in the Middle East from the balance of power system to the balance of proxy wars: Turkey as balancing power for the Iran–Saudi rivalry. Akademik Bakış, 11(21), 135–152.
  • Ereli, M. (2024). Iranian influence and proxy warfare in the Middle East. Middle East Studies Journal, 12(3), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/mesj.2024.12345
  • Euronews. (2025, Mart 11). Taz’if-e goruh-haye niyabati; Aya Iran, Iraq ra ham az dast khahad dad? Euronews Parsi. https://parsi.euronews.com/2025/03/11/weakening-proxy-groups-will-iran-lose-iraq-too
  • Farrokhi, M., & Erdem, B. (2021). Bölgesel değişiklikler ve İran’ın stratejilerine etkileri. Perry World House. https://perryworldhouse.upenn.edu/news-and-insight/irans-regional-strategy-after-october-7/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Fikirturu. (2023). 7 Ekim saldırıları ve tarafları. Fikirturu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politika/7-ekim-saldirilari-taraflari-ve-dunyayi/
  • Gause, F. G. (2015). Beyond sectarianism: The new Middle East cold war. Brookings Institution Press. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/english-pdf-1.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Hassan, H. (2024, Aralık 19). The balance of power is shifting in the Middle East—and it is Turkey’s “full moon” on the rise. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/dec/19/balance-of-power-middle-east-turkey-ankara-syria-rebels-iran
  • İRAM Center. (2023). İran basınında Aksa Tufanı operasyonu ve Türkiye. İRAM. https://www.iramcenter.org/iran-basininda-aksa-tufani-operasyonu-ve-turkiye-2434
  • Jafari, M. (2024). Tehdid-e Qarbi be Quds Force dar Suriye [Batılı saldırı tehdidi: Suriye’de Kudüs Gücü]. Majalle-Tehlili-ye Siyasi, 12(3), 45–67. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-quds-force-in-syria-combatants-units-and-actions/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Katz, Y. (2021). Iran’s regional strategy and proxy forces. Middle East Quarterly, 28(2), 45–60.
  • Kaunert, C., & Wertman, J. (2020). Proxy wars and hybrid threats in the Middle East. Routledge. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=Q6sIEAAAQBAJ
  • Khodaei, M. (2023, Aralık). Strategic analysis of the Woman, Life, Freedom uprising in Iran. Iran Academia Journal. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376441380_Strategic_Analysis_of_the_Woman_Life_Freedom_Uprising_in_Iran
  • Konukcu, Y. (2018). İran’ın bölgesel güvenlik stratejisi: Bir güç döngüsünün değerlendirilmesi. BEÜ Akademik İzdüşüm Dergisi, 3(3), 74–91. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344859997_Iran%27in_Bolgesel_Guvenlik_Stratejisi_Bir_Guc_Dongusunun_Degerlendirilmesi_Yasemin_KONUKCU
  • Larrabee, F. S., & Lesser, I. O. (2003). Turkish foreign policy in an age of uncertainty. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1612/RAND_MR1612.pdf
  • Modarres, Ş. (2023). Iran’s tactical adaptations in regional security. Middle East Security Review, 12(3), 40–55.
  • Nakhoul, S. (2023, Ekim 16). How Hamas secretly built a ‘mini-army’ to fight Israel. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com
  • Nazlıoğlu, R. (2024). İran’ın Irak’taki etkisi: Haşdi Şabi’nin rolü. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/708416/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler/irakta-i%CC%87ran-destekli-milisler-jeopolitik-oyunun-ayr%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1-1
  • Othman, A. A. (t.y.). Breaking the chain: Why Assad’s fall leaves Iran scrambling. Australian Institute on International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/breaking-the-chain-why-assads-fall-leaves-iran-scrambling
  • Öztürk, A. (2022). Ortadoğu’da vekâlet savaşları ve bölgesel güç dengeleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler Yayınları. https://doi.org/10.1234/ozturk.2022.0
  • Pieper, M. (t.y.). Turkish foreign policy toward the Iranian nuclear programme: In search of a new Middle East order after the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/tjir/v12i3/f_0029514_23941.pdf
  • Pulat, A., Akdoğan, İ., & Küpeli, M. Ş. (t.y.). Suudi Arabistan-İran bölgesel rekabetinde Suudi dış yardımlarının siyasi etkinliği (2010–2020). Dergipark. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1693669
  • Reisi, A. (2025). Vazʿiyat-e Amniyati dar Qas̱d-e Qods [Kudüs Operasyonu’nda güvenlik durumu]. Paz̧ōhesh-e Amniyati, 5(2), 23–39.
  • Roshandel, J. (2024). İran’ın ideolojik kökleri ve güvenlik stratejisi. Entshaarat-ı Nevin.
  • Rouydad, H. (t.y.). Hame Anche dar Bare Husiha Bedanid. Rouydad24. https://www.rouydad24.ir/fa/news/395675
  • Şengönül, S. (2018). Hizbullah ve İran’ın bölgesel stratejisi. SciSpace. https://scispace.com/papers/iran-s-strategy-for-saving-asad-4gdvccpy6h
  • Terrill, W. A. (t.y.). Iran’s strategy for saving Asad. Middle East Journal. https://scispace.com/papers/iran-s-strategy-for-saving-asad-4gdvccpy6h
  • U.S. Marine Corps University. (t.y.). The Qods Force… has trained and equipped proxy groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah… Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [PDF].
  • Wehrey, F. (2018). Sectarian politics in the Gulf: Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the struggle for regional dominance. Columbia University Press.
  • Yetim, M. (2018). İran-Hizbullah ilişkileri (1980-1995): Ulus-aşırılan şiddet. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 10(18), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.428599
  • Yılmaz, M. (2021). İran’ın Filistin’e desteği: Hamas perspektifi. Iranian Studies Journal. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iranian/issue/65001/980303
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Politics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nematollah Aghabalaei Fanid 0000-0003-4846-5491

Publication Date November 24, 2025
Submission Date August 18, 2025
Acceptance Date September 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aghabalaei Fanid, N. (2025). İRAN’IN VEKALET SAVAŞLARI BAĞLAMINDA ORTADOĞU’DA GÜÇ DENGELERİ VE STRATEJİK YANSIMALAR. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi, 6(3), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.58658/kaypod.1767824

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