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Kâr performanslarının kalıcılığı: BİST100 işletmeleri üzerine bir inceleme

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 150 - 163, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1696326

Abstract

Kâr performanslarının kalıcılığı, bir işletmenin veya sektörün uzun vadede yüksek kâr marjlarını koruma ve sürdürebilme yeteneği olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu kalıcılık, işletmelerin rekabet avantajlarını muhafaza ederek, piyasada istikrarlı bir biçimde yüksek kârlılık düzeylerini devam ettirebilmesi olarak ifade edilebilir. Rekabetçi çevre hipotezinde ise işletmelerin daha önce elde etmiş olduğu yüksek kârların, yoğun rekabetin yaşandığı ortamlarda uzun süre devam edemeyeceği öngörülmektedir. Çünkü yoğun rekabet ortamında rakip işletmelerin sayısı yeterli sayıda hatta giderek artmaktadır. Bu nedenle işletmeler satış fiyatlarında indirime gitmekte, katlanılan bazı maliyetler artmakta ve sahip olunan rekabet avantajı bu sürece bağlı olarak zamanla işletmenin rekabetçi konumunu zayıflatmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksi’ne (BIST100) dâhil olan 74 farklı işletmenin 2015 ile 2024 yılları arasında elde etmiş olduğu kâr performanslarının kalıcı olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda kâr performanslarının kalıcı olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Aktif Kârlılık (ROA), Özkaynak Kârlılığı (ROE) ve Net Kâr Marjı (NKM) değişkenlerinin durağan olması, rekabetçi çevre hipotezinin de öngördüğü şekilde, işletme kârlarının zamanla rekabetçi piyasa normlarına doğru yaklaştığını göstermektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmanın etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen araştırmalardan olduğunu beyan ederim.

References

  • Aslan, A., & Altınöz, B. (2018). Kârlılığın sürdürülebilirliği: temel muhasebe kârlılığı göstergeleri etrafında seçilmiş ISO 500 firmaları için bir uygulama. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 20, 542–552. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ mbdd/issue/42789/518309
  • Aslan, A., & İskenderoğlu, Ö. (2012). Türk bankacılık sektöründe kârlılığın kalıcılığının incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 59–68. https://library.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?pdf=0012577&lng=0
  • Aslan, A., Köksal K. & Öcal O. (2011). Competitive environment hypothesis in Turkish banking system. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 1(2), 74–77. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijefi/issue/31949/351789
  • Aslan, A., Kula, F., & Kaplan, M. (2010). New evidence on the persistence of profit in Turkey with first and second generation panel unit root tests. Middle East Technical University Studies in Development, (37), 25–40. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/58412
  • Bailey, N., Kapetanios, G., & Pesaran, M. H. (2016). Exponent of cross‐sectional dependence: estimation and inference. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 929–960. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.2476
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Borsa İstanbul A.Ş. (t.y.). İşlem gören şirketler. Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2025, https://www.borsaistanbul.com/tr/sayfa/73/islem-goren-sirketler
  • Borsa İstanbul. (t.y.). BIST şirketler. Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2025, https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/bist-sirketler
  • Bourlakis, C.A. (1997). Testing the competitive environment and the persistence of profits hypotheses. Review of Industrial Organization 12, 203–218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007744519391
  • Can, A. V., & Öztürk, E. (2015). Şirket kârlarının sürdürülebilirlik durumunun incelenmesi: BIST şirketleri üzerine sektörel bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 325–339. https://isarder.org/index.php/isarder/article/view/224
  • Crespo Cuaresma, J., & Gschwandtner, A. (2006). The competitive environment hypothesis revisited: non-linearity, nonstationarity and profit persistence. Applied Economics, 38(4), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500390312
  • Çayıroğlu A. (2024). Kârlılık analizinin önemi, https://tr.linkedin.com/pulse/karl%C4%B1l %C4%B1k-analizinin-%C3%B6nemi-finnetyazilim-idswf.
  • De Hoyos, R. E., & Sarafidis, V. (2006). Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models. Stata Journal, 6(4), 482–496. https://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=st0113
  • Geroski, P. A., & Jacquemin, A. (1988). The persistence of profits: A European Comparison. Economic Journal, 98(391), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2233373
  • Glen, J., Lee, K., & Singh, A. (2001). Persistence of profitability and competition in emerging markets. Economics Letters, 72(2), 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00425-6
  • Gözbaşı, O., & Aslan, A. (2015). Persistence of profit in energy industry: dynamic evidence from Turkish companies. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 624–628. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1205/pdf
  • Gschwandtner, A. (2005). Profit persistence in the ‘very’ long run: evidence from survivors and exiters. Applied Economics, 37(7), 793–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000337406
  • Hirsch, S. & Gschwandtner, A. (2013). Profit persistence in the food industry: evidence from five European countries, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 40(5), 741–759, https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbt007
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7
  • Kaplan, M. & Çelik, T. (2008). The Persistence of profitability and competition in the Turkish banking sector. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (30), 157–167. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erciyesiibd/issue/5887/77868
  • McGahan, A. M., & Porter, M. E. (1999). The persistence of shocks to profitability. Review of Economics and Statistics, 81(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/ 10.1162/003465399767923890
  • Mueller, D. C. (1977). The persistence of profits above the norm. Economica, 44(176), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.2307/2553570
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jae.951
  • Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing ındustries and competitors. Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. New York Free Press.
  • Schipper, K., & Vincent, L. (2003). Earnings quality. Accounting Horizons, 17, 97–110. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=18055742598545018571&hl=tr&as_sdt=0,5
  • Yel, T. (2012). Kâr kalitesi ve hisse senedi getirileri arasındaki ilişkinin İMKB’de test edilmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16), 119–135. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijmeb/issue/54820/750385
  • Yurtoğlu, B. (2004). Persistence of firm-level profitability in Turkey. Applied Economics, 36(6), 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000217652

The persistence of profit performance: an examination of BIST100 companies

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 150 - 163, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1696326

Abstract

The persistence of profit performance is defined as the ability of a business or an industry to maintain and sustain high profit margins over the long term. In this context, such persistence refers to the capacity of businesses to preserve their competitive advantages, thereby consistently achieving elevated profitability levels in the market. However, the competitive environment hypothesis posits that high profits previously attained by businesses are unlikely to be sustained over extended periods in highly competitive settings. This is due to the sufficient, and often increasing, number of rival firms in such envirâonments. Consequently, businesses may resort to reducing sales prices, incur rising costs, and experience a gradual erosion of their competitive advantage, which ultimately weakens their competitive position over time.
In this study, the persistence of profit performances obtained by 74 different firms listed in the Borsa Istanbul 100 Index (BIST100) between the years 2015 and 2024 was examined. The findings indicate that these profits are not persistent. The stationarity of the variables Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) suggests that, in line with the predictions of the competitive environment hypothesis, firm profits tend to converge towards the norms of a competitive market over time.

References

  • Aslan, A., & Altınöz, B. (2018). Kârlılığın sürdürülebilirliği: temel muhasebe kârlılığı göstergeleri etrafında seçilmiş ISO 500 firmaları için bir uygulama. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 20, 542–552. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ mbdd/issue/42789/518309
  • Aslan, A., & İskenderoğlu, Ö. (2012). Türk bankacılık sektöründe kârlılığın kalıcılığının incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 59–68. https://library.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?pdf=0012577&lng=0
  • Aslan, A., Köksal K. & Öcal O. (2011). Competitive environment hypothesis in Turkish banking system. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 1(2), 74–77. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijefi/issue/31949/351789
  • Aslan, A., Kula, F., & Kaplan, M. (2010). New evidence on the persistence of profit in Turkey with first and second generation panel unit root tests. Middle East Technical University Studies in Development, (37), 25–40. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/58412
  • Bailey, N., Kapetanios, G., & Pesaran, M. H. (2016). Exponent of cross‐sectional dependence: estimation and inference. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 929–960. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.2476
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Borsa İstanbul A.Ş. (t.y.). İşlem gören şirketler. Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2025, https://www.borsaistanbul.com/tr/sayfa/73/islem-goren-sirketler
  • Borsa İstanbul. (t.y.). BIST şirketler. Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2025, https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/bist-sirketler
  • Bourlakis, C.A. (1997). Testing the competitive environment and the persistence of profits hypotheses. Review of Industrial Organization 12, 203–218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007744519391
  • Can, A. V., & Öztürk, E. (2015). Şirket kârlarının sürdürülebilirlik durumunun incelenmesi: BIST şirketleri üzerine sektörel bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 325–339. https://isarder.org/index.php/isarder/article/view/224
  • Crespo Cuaresma, J., & Gschwandtner, A. (2006). The competitive environment hypothesis revisited: non-linearity, nonstationarity and profit persistence. Applied Economics, 38(4), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500390312
  • Çayıroğlu A. (2024). Kârlılık analizinin önemi, https://tr.linkedin.com/pulse/karl%C4%B1l %C4%B1k-analizinin-%C3%B6nemi-finnetyazilim-idswf.
  • De Hoyos, R. E., & Sarafidis, V. (2006). Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models. Stata Journal, 6(4), 482–496. https://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=st0113
  • Geroski, P. A., & Jacquemin, A. (1988). The persistence of profits: A European Comparison. Economic Journal, 98(391), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2233373
  • Glen, J., Lee, K., & Singh, A. (2001). Persistence of profitability and competition in emerging markets. Economics Letters, 72(2), 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00425-6
  • Gözbaşı, O., & Aslan, A. (2015). Persistence of profit in energy industry: dynamic evidence from Turkish companies. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 624–628. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1205/pdf
  • Gschwandtner, A. (2005). Profit persistence in the ‘very’ long run: evidence from survivors and exiters. Applied Economics, 37(7), 793–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000337406
  • Hirsch, S. & Gschwandtner, A. (2013). Profit persistence in the food industry: evidence from five European countries, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 40(5), 741–759, https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbt007
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7
  • Kaplan, M. & Çelik, T. (2008). The Persistence of profitability and competition in the Turkish banking sector. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (30), 157–167. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erciyesiibd/issue/5887/77868
  • McGahan, A. M., & Porter, M. E. (1999). The persistence of shocks to profitability. Review of Economics and Statistics, 81(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/ 10.1162/003465399767923890
  • Mueller, D. C. (1977). The persistence of profits above the norm. Economica, 44(176), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.2307/2553570
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jae.951
  • Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing ındustries and competitors. Free Press.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. New York Free Press.
  • Schipper, K., & Vincent, L. (2003). Earnings quality. Accounting Horizons, 17, 97–110. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=18055742598545018571&hl=tr&as_sdt=0,5
  • Yel, T. (2012). Kâr kalitesi ve hisse senedi getirileri arasındaki ilişkinin İMKB’de test edilmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16), 119–135. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijmeb/issue/54820/750385
  • Yurtoğlu, B. (2004). Persistence of firm-level profitability in Turkey. Applied Economics, 36(6), 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000217652
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Finance
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seçkin Arslan 0000-0002-0923-0916

Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date May 9, 2025
Acceptance Date June 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

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APA Arslan, S. (2025). Kâr performanslarının kalıcılığı: BİST100 işletmeleri üzerine bir inceleme. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1696326

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