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ANALYSIS OF POLICE LEGITIMACY AND COOPERATION LEVELS WITH POLICE ACCORDING TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN TRNC

Year 2020, , 423 - 444, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.772007

Abstract

The concepts of police legitimacy and cooperation with the police have frequently been used in the last two decades. Whether citizens' perceptions of cooperation with the police and police legitimacy change according to their demographic variables such as gender, age, and income level has been investigated in many studies. However, the results obtained are not consistent and vary. In this study, the data of the research carried out within the scope of the doctoral dissertation thesis conducted with the quantitative research method, scanning type and survey technique with the participation of 1000 citizens in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in 2017 have been used. The survey was applied in the capital and all districts of TRNC, using quota and convenience sampling techniques according to population rates. Whether there are differences between the accepted perception levels of the participants regarding the factors of police legitimacy and police cooperation has been measured according to Tankebe's approach, as regards gender, age group, marital status, education level and monthly income demographic variables. According to Tankebe's approach, police legitimacy consists of procedural justice, fairness in distribution, legitimacy and efficiency factors. The research results show that citizens in the age group 65 and over are less willing to cooperate with the police than those in the 25 - 34 age group. It is observed that willingness to cooperate with the police does not differ significantly according to other demographic factors. Compared to citizens in other groups, primary school graduates and those with an income of 2500 TL or less are found out to have more positive views on procedural justice, fairness, efficiency and legality of the police, which are factors of police legitimacy. No significant difference is detected between the participants' views on the factors of police legitimacy according to gender, age group and marital status.

References

  • Kitaplar Beetham, D. (1991), The Legitimation of Power, London: Macmillan.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008), Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015), Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı, (21. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Develioğlu, Ferit, (1982), Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lügat, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, 5. Ofset Baskı, ss. 754-755.
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe – Yöntem – Analiz, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017), SPSS ve AMOS UYGULAMALI Nitel-Nicel-Karma BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ ve Yayın Etiği, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2012), Using Multivariate Statistics, (sixth ed.), Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Tavşancıl, Ezel, (2014), Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS İle Veri Analizi, 5. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Dergiler Bottoms, A. and Tankebe, J. (2012), Beyond procedural justice: A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 119–170.
  • Cao, Liqun, (2001), “A Prblem in No-Problem-Policing in Germany: Confidence in the Police Germany and USA”, European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 167–79.
  • Cao, Liqun, Stack, Steven and Sun, Yi, (1998), “Public Attitudes toward the Police: A Comparative Study between Japan and America”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 279–89.
  • Cherney, A. ve Murphy, K. (2013), “Policing terrorism with procedural justice: The role of police legitimacy and law legitimacy”, Australian & New Zealand journal of criminology, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 403-421.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993), “What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications”, Journal Of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 98-104.
  • Engel, R. (2005), “Citizens’ perceptions of distributive and procedural justice during traffic stops with the police”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 42, No.4, pp. 445-481.
  • Green, G. S. (1985), “General deterrence and television cable crime: A fiel experiment in social control”, Criminology, Vol. 23, pp. 629–45.
  • Ivkoviç, Sanja Kutnjack, (2008), “A Comporative Study of Public Support for the Police”, International Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 18, Number.4, pp. 406- 434
  • Jesilow, Paul and Meyer, J’Ona, (2001), “The Effect of Police Misconduct on Public Attitudes: A Quasi-Experiment”, Journal of Crime and Justice, Vol. 24, No.1, pp. 109–21.
  • Kırmızıdağ, Nur, (2015), Polis ve Toplum: Türkiye’de Polise Güven Araştırması, Tesev, İstanbul: TESEV Yayınları.
  • Klepper, S. and Nagin, D. S. (1989) The deterrent effect of perceived certainty and severity of punishment revisited, Criminology, Vol. 27, pp. 721–46.
  • Murphy, K.; Tyler, T. R. and Curtis, A. (2009), “Nurturing regulatory compliance: Is procedural justice effective when people question the legitimacy of the law?”, Regulation & governance, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-26.
  • Murphy, K. ve Cherney, A. (2012), “Understanding cooperation with police in a diverse society”, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 52, pp. 181-201.
  • Reisig, M. D; Bratton, J. ve Gertz, G. M. (2007), “The construct validity and refinement of process-based policing measures”, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 34, pp. 1005–1028.
  • Reisig, M. D.; Tankebe, J. ve Meško, G. (2013), “Procedural Justice, Police Legitimacy, and Public Cooperation with the Police Among Young Slovene Adults”, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 147-164.
  • Salmi, Satu, Marinus J.M. Voeten, Esko Keskinen, (2000), “Relation Between Police Image and Police Visibility”, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, Vol.10, pp. 433-447
  • Sunshine, J. ve Tyler, T. R. (2003), “The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing”, Law Society Review, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 513-548.
  • Tankebe, J. (2010), “Public confidence in the police: Testing the effects of public experiences of police corruption in Ghana”, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 50, No: 2, pp. 296–319.
  • Tankebe, J. (2013), “Viewing This Differently: The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy”, Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 103-135.
  • Tyler, T. R. ve Fagan, J. (2008), “Legitimacy and Cooperation: Why do people help the police fight crime in their communities?”, Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 6, pp. 231-276.
  • Tyler, T. R. ve Jackson, J. (2013), “Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement”, Psychology, Public Policy and Law, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-29.
  • Derlemeler Sherman, Lawrence, (1990), “Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence”, Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Michael H. Tonry and Norval Morris (Eds.), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Diğer Kaynaklar Devlet Planlama Örgütü, (2013), “KKTC Nüfus Sayımı, 2011”, Lefkoşa.
  • European Social Survey, (2011), Round 5 Module on Trust in the Police & Courts – Final Question Design Template, London: Centre for Comparative Social Surveys: City University/London, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/, (E.T: 11 Haziran 2020).
  • Kayabaşı, C., (2020), KKTC’de Polis Meşruiyeti Faktörlerinin Polisle İşbirliğine Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Türkiye: Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı Uluslararası Güvenlik Anabilim Dalı.
  • Mazerolle, L.; Bennett, S.; Davis, J.; Sargeant, E. ve Manning, M. (2013), “Legitimacy in policing: A systematic review”, Campbell Systematic Reviews, Vol. 1, doi: 10.4073/csr.2013.1, (E.T: 30 Mayıs 2020)
  • Murphy, K.; Hinds, L. ve Fleming, J. (2008), “Encouraging public cooperation and support for police”, Policing & Society, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 136-155, https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802008660, (E.T: 22 Mayıs 2020).
  • Paek, S. Y. (2017), PRIVATE SECURITY OFFICERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF POLICE LEGITIMACY IN SOUTH KOREA: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICE-PRIVATE SECURITY COOPERATION, USA: Criminal Justice – Doctor of Philosophy, Doctoral Thesis, Michigan State University.
  • Pryce, D. K. (2014), PROCEDURAL JUSTICE, LEGITIMACY, AND COOPERATION WITH POLICE: EVIDENCE FROM A COMMUNITY OF GHANAIAN IMMIGRANTS, Doctor of Philosophy Criminology, Law & Society, Doctoral Thesis, George Mason University, USA: Virginia.
  • Sun, I. Y.; Jou, S.; Hou, C. C. ve Cha, Y. (Lennon) (2012), Public Trust in the Police in Taiwan: A Test of Instrumental and Expressive Models, pp. 1-36. http://www.the-aaps.org/taiwan/wp-content/uploads/2015/05 /4. Sun-et-al._-confidence-in-the-police.pdf. (E.T: 31 Ocak 2020)
  • Sun, I. Y.; Li, L.; Wu, Y. ve Hu, R. (2018), “Police legitimacy and citizen cooperation in China: testing an alternative model”, Asian Journal of Criminology, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 275–291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-018-9270-4, (E.T: 30 Aralık 2019)
  • Tankebe, J.; Reisig, M. D. and Wang, X. (2015), “A Multidimensional Model of Police Legitimacy: A Cross-Cultural Assessment”, Law and Human Behavior, Advance online publication, pp. 1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000153 (E.T:11 Aralık 2019)
  • Woo, Youngki; Maguire, Edward R. and Gau, Jacinta M. (2018), “Direct and indirect effects of procedural justice on cooperation and compliance: evidence from South Korea”, Police Practice and Research, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 168-185, DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2018.1418147, (E.T.: 11 Haziran 2020).

ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРЕМЕНЫ В ТУРЕЦКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ СЕВЕРНОГО КИПРА, ЛЕГИТИМНОСТЬ ПОЛИЦИИ И СОРУДНИЧЕСТВО С НИМ

Year 2020, , 423 - 444, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.772007

Abstract

Концепции легитимности полиции и сотрудничество с полицией часто использовались в последние два десятилетия. Во многих исследованиях, в соответствии с их демографическими характеристиками, такими как пол, возраст и уровень дохода, изучаются изменения восприятий гражданами по поводу сотрудничества с полицией и его легитимности. В нижеследующем исследовании исползуются данные анкетного опроса 1000 граждан Турецкой Республики Северного Кипра (ТРСК) в 2017 году, которые были включены в нашу докторскую диссертацию. Опрос проводился в столице этой республики и во всех районах ТРСК с использованием методов квотного и удобного отбора в соответствии с численностью населения. Было исследовано, существует ли разница между уровнями восприятия участниками факторов легитимности полиции, которые измеряются в соответствии с принципом сотрудничества с полицией и подхода Танкебе, в соответствии с демографическими переменами, такими как пол, возрастная группа, семейное положение, уровень образования и ежемесячный доход. Согласно подходу Танкебе, легитимность полиции и процессуальная справедливость складывается из факторов справедливости распределения, законности и эффективности. В результате исследования выяснилось, что граждане в возрасте 65 лет и старше менее склонны к сотрудничеству с полицией, чем в возрасте от 25 до 34 лет. Было отмечено, что готовность сотрудничать с полицией существенно не различалась в зависимости от других демографических факторов. Было обнаружено, что по сравнению с гражданами других групп выпускники начальной школы и те, у кого доход не превышает 2500 турецких лир, имели более положительное мнение о процессуальной справедливости, эффективности и законности полиции, т.е. к тем критериям, которые являются факторами легитимности полиции. Не было обнаружено значительные различия между мнениями участников о факторах легитимности полиции в зависимости от пола, возрастной группы и семейного положения.

References

  • Kitaplar Beetham, D. (1991), The Legitimation of Power, London: Macmillan.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008), Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015), Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı, (21. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Develioğlu, Ferit, (1982), Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lügat, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, 5. Ofset Baskı, ss. 754-755.
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe – Yöntem – Analiz, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017), SPSS ve AMOS UYGULAMALI Nitel-Nicel-Karma BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ ve Yayın Etiği, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2012), Using Multivariate Statistics, (sixth ed.), Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Tavşancıl, Ezel, (2014), Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS İle Veri Analizi, 5. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Dergiler Bottoms, A. and Tankebe, J. (2012), Beyond procedural justice: A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 119–170.
  • Cao, Liqun, (2001), “A Prblem in No-Problem-Policing in Germany: Confidence in the Police Germany and USA”, European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 167–79.
  • Cao, Liqun, Stack, Steven and Sun, Yi, (1998), “Public Attitudes toward the Police: A Comparative Study between Japan and America”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 279–89.
  • Cherney, A. ve Murphy, K. (2013), “Policing terrorism with procedural justice: The role of police legitimacy and law legitimacy”, Australian & New Zealand journal of criminology, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 403-421.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993), “What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications”, Journal Of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 98-104.
  • Engel, R. (2005), “Citizens’ perceptions of distributive and procedural justice during traffic stops with the police”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 42, No.4, pp. 445-481.
  • Green, G. S. (1985), “General deterrence and television cable crime: A fiel experiment in social control”, Criminology, Vol. 23, pp. 629–45.
  • Ivkoviç, Sanja Kutnjack, (2008), “A Comporative Study of Public Support for the Police”, International Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 18, Number.4, pp. 406- 434
  • Jesilow, Paul and Meyer, J’Ona, (2001), “The Effect of Police Misconduct on Public Attitudes: A Quasi-Experiment”, Journal of Crime and Justice, Vol. 24, No.1, pp. 109–21.
  • Kırmızıdağ, Nur, (2015), Polis ve Toplum: Türkiye’de Polise Güven Araştırması, Tesev, İstanbul: TESEV Yayınları.
  • Klepper, S. and Nagin, D. S. (1989) The deterrent effect of perceived certainty and severity of punishment revisited, Criminology, Vol. 27, pp. 721–46.
  • Murphy, K.; Tyler, T. R. and Curtis, A. (2009), “Nurturing regulatory compliance: Is procedural justice effective when people question the legitimacy of the law?”, Regulation & governance, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-26.
  • Murphy, K. ve Cherney, A. (2012), “Understanding cooperation with police in a diverse society”, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 52, pp. 181-201.
  • Reisig, M. D; Bratton, J. ve Gertz, G. M. (2007), “The construct validity and refinement of process-based policing measures”, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 34, pp. 1005–1028.
  • Reisig, M. D.; Tankebe, J. ve Meško, G. (2013), “Procedural Justice, Police Legitimacy, and Public Cooperation with the Police Among Young Slovene Adults”, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 147-164.
  • Salmi, Satu, Marinus J.M. Voeten, Esko Keskinen, (2000), “Relation Between Police Image and Police Visibility”, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, Vol.10, pp. 433-447
  • Sunshine, J. ve Tyler, T. R. (2003), “The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing”, Law Society Review, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 513-548.
  • Tankebe, J. (2010), “Public confidence in the police: Testing the effects of public experiences of police corruption in Ghana”, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 50, No: 2, pp. 296–319.
  • Tankebe, J. (2013), “Viewing This Differently: The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy”, Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 103-135.
  • Tyler, T. R. ve Fagan, J. (2008), “Legitimacy and Cooperation: Why do people help the police fight crime in their communities?”, Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 6, pp. 231-276.
  • Tyler, T. R. ve Jackson, J. (2013), “Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement”, Psychology, Public Policy and Law, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-29.
  • Derlemeler Sherman, Lawrence, (1990), “Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence”, Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Michael H. Tonry and Norval Morris (Eds.), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Diğer Kaynaklar Devlet Planlama Örgütü, (2013), “KKTC Nüfus Sayımı, 2011”, Lefkoşa.
  • European Social Survey, (2011), Round 5 Module on Trust in the Police & Courts – Final Question Design Template, London: Centre for Comparative Social Surveys: City University/London, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/, (E.T: 11 Haziran 2020).
  • Kayabaşı, C., (2020), KKTC’de Polis Meşruiyeti Faktörlerinin Polisle İşbirliğine Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Türkiye: Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı Uluslararası Güvenlik Anabilim Dalı.
  • Mazerolle, L.; Bennett, S.; Davis, J.; Sargeant, E. ve Manning, M. (2013), “Legitimacy in policing: A systematic review”, Campbell Systematic Reviews, Vol. 1, doi: 10.4073/csr.2013.1, (E.T: 30 Mayıs 2020)
  • Murphy, K.; Hinds, L. ve Fleming, J. (2008), “Encouraging public cooperation and support for police”, Policing & Society, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 136-155, https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802008660, (E.T: 22 Mayıs 2020).
  • Paek, S. Y. (2017), PRIVATE SECURITY OFFICERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF POLICE LEGITIMACY IN SOUTH KOREA: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICE-PRIVATE SECURITY COOPERATION, USA: Criminal Justice – Doctor of Philosophy, Doctoral Thesis, Michigan State University.
  • Pryce, D. K. (2014), PROCEDURAL JUSTICE, LEGITIMACY, AND COOPERATION WITH POLICE: EVIDENCE FROM A COMMUNITY OF GHANAIAN IMMIGRANTS, Doctor of Philosophy Criminology, Law & Society, Doctoral Thesis, George Mason University, USA: Virginia.
  • Sun, I. Y.; Jou, S.; Hou, C. C. ve Cha, Y. (Lennon) (2012), Public Trust in the Police in Taiwan: A Test of Instrumental and Expressive Models, pp. 1-36. http://www.the-aaps.org/taiwan/wp-content/uploads/2015/05 /4. Sun-et-al._-confidence-in-the-police.pdf. (E.T: 31 Ocak 2020)
  • Sun, I. Y.; Li, L.; Wu, Y. ve Hu, R. (2018), “Police legitimacy and citizen cooperation in China: testing an alternative model”, Asian Journal of Criminology, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 275–291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-018-9270-4, (E.T: 30 Aralık 2019)
  • Tankebe, J.; Reisig, M. D. and Wang, X. (2015), “A Multidimensional Model of Police Legitimacy: A Cross-Cultural Assessment”, Law and Human Behavior, Advance online publication, pp. 1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000153 (E.T:11 Aralık 2019)
  • Woo, Youngki; Maguire, Edward R. and Gau, Jacinta M. (2018), “Direct and indirect effects of procedural justice on cooperation and compliance: evidence from South Korea”, Police Practice and Research, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 168-185, DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2018.1418147, (E.T.: 11 Haziran 2020).

KKTC’DE DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE POLİS MEŞRUİYETİ VE POLİSLE İŞBİRLİĞİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2020, , 423 - 444, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.772007

Abstract

Polis meşruiyeti ve polisle işbirliği kavramları son yirmi yıldır sıkça birlikte kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Vatandaşların, cinsiyet, yaş, gelir seviyesi gibi demografik özelliklerine göre polisle işbirliği ve polis meşruiyetine yönelik algılarının değişip değişmediği yapılan birçok çalışma ile araştırılmıştır. Ancak elde edilen sonuçlar tutarlı olmayıp farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada doktora tezi için 2017 yılında Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde (KKTC) 1000 vatandaşın katılımıyla nicel araştırma yöntemi, tarama türü ve anket tekniği ile gerçekleştirilen araştırma verileri kullanılmıştır. Anket, KKTC’nin başkent ve tüm ilçelerinde, nüfus oranlarına göre kotalı ve kolayda örnekleme teknikleri kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların, cinsiyet, yaş grubu, medeni durum, eğitim seviyesi ve aylık gelir demografik değişkenlerine göre, polisle işbirliği ve Tankebe’nin yaklaşımına göre kabul edilen polis meşruiyeti faktörlerine ilişkin algı düzeyleri arasında farklılık olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Tankebe’nin yaklaşımına göre polis meşruiyeti prosedürel adaleti, dağılımdaki adalet, yasallık ve etkinlik faktörlerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda 65 ve üzerindeki yaş grubundaki vatandaşların, 25 – 34 yaş aralığındakilere göre polisle işbirliğine daha az istekli oldukları bulunmuştur. Diğer demografik faktörlere göre ise polisle işbirliğine yönelik istekliliğin anlamlı derecede bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. İlkokul mezunları ile 2500 TL ve altında geliri olanların, diğer gruplardaki vatandaşlara oranla polis meşruiyeti faktörleri olan polisin prosedürel adaletine, dağılımdaki adaletine, etkinliğine ve yasallığına yönelik görüşlerinin daha olumlu olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaş grubu ve medeni durumuna göre polis meşruiyeti faktörlerine ilişkin görüşleri arasında ise anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.

References

  • Kitaplar Beetham, D. (1991), The Legitimation of Power, London: Macmillan.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008), Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015), Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı, (21. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Develioğlu, Ferit, (1982), Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lügat, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, 5. Ofset Baskı, ss. 754-755.
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe – Yöntem – Analiz, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017), SPSS ve AMOS UYGULAMALI Nitel-Nicel-Karma BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ ve Yayın Etiği, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
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There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Ali Tekiner 0000-0002-3261-5777

Cem Kayabaşı 0000-0001-7011-3308

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Submission Date July 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Tekiner, M. A., & Kayabaşı, C. (2020). KKTC’DE DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE POLİS MEŞRUİYETİ VE POLİSLE İŞBİRLİĞİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(48), 423-444. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.772007