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PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY IN EDESSA

Year 2016, Issue: 32, 316 - 324, 17.12.2016

Yusuf Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Abstract

Edessa, is a perfect example in terms of showing religious and cultural assimilation due to its geographical location in Northern Mesopotamia. The pagan belief system based on stars and planet cults was seen in Pre-Christian Edessa. Paganism has continued for centuries in Edessa even tough Christianity appeared and spread quickly. Paganism completely disappeared in 5. Centrury AD and Edessa became a Christianty city. 

Keywords

Edessa Paganism Sin Cult Christianity

References

  • AGGOULA B., “Remarques sur les inscriptions de Hatra”, Berytus, XVIII, 1969, ss.85-104
  • BAUER W., Rechtläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum, BHth 10, Tübingen, 1934
  • BERNARD L. W., “The Origins and Emergence of the Church in Edessa During the First Two Centruies A. D.”, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 22, 3, 1968, ss. 161-175
  • CUMONT F., Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain, Paris, 1929
  • ÇELİK M., Süryani Tarihi (1), Ayraç Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
  • DAVİS E., King Nabonidus and the Missing Link City. The Science News-Letter, Vol. 19, No. 511 (Jan. 24, 1931), ss. 54-58
  • DHORME, E., Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie, Paris, 1945
  • DIRVEN, L. he Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos, Koninglijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W., Old Syriac (Edessean) İnscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1972
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W., Some New Syriac Inscriptions and Archaeological Finds from Edessa and Sumatar Harabesi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1973, ss. 1-14
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W. Die Götter Edessas. Studien zur Religion und Kultur Klein-Asiens, Festschrift F. K. Dörner, Leiden 1978, I, 264-283.
  • DRIJVERS s, H.J. W., Cult and Beliefs at Edessa, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1980
  • DRIJVERS, H.J. W., “Jews and Christians at Edessa”, Journal of Jewish Studies, Vol: 36, 1985, ss. 88-102
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W.-HEALEY F., The Old Syriac of Edessa and Oshroene: Text, Translations and Commentary, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999
  • DUSSAUD R., Les Arabes en Syrie avant l’Islam, Paris, 1907
  • DUVAL R., Histoire D’édesse, Politique, Religieuse et Littéraire, Amsterdam, 1975
  • ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Volume VII, Chicago, 1969, ss. 967
  • GADD J., The Harran İnscriptons of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 8 (1958), ss. 35-92
  • GAWLIKOWSKI M., Le Temple Paylmrenien, Warszawa, 1973
  • GRANDE ENCYCLOPÉDIE. Volume 15, Paris, 1970, ss. 552
  • GREEN T. M., The City of the Moon God. Religious Traditions of Harran. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol. 14) Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill 1992
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., “Arkeolojik Bulgular Işığında 2. Yüzyıl Sumatar Mar alahe Kültü”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 1992, ss. 149-159
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., Anadolu’da Paganizm, Antik Dönemde Harran ve Urfa, Ankara Okulu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005
  • GÜNEL A., Türk Süryani Tarihi, Oya Matbaası, Diyarbakır, 1970
  • HARRAK A., “The Ancient Name of Edessa”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, University of Chicago Press, (Jul., 1992), ss. 209-214
  • HAYES, E. R., Urfa Akademisi, çev. Yaşar Günenç, Yaba Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
  • HEAD B. V., Historia Numorum, A Manuel Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 1911
  • HEALEY J. F., “A New Syriac Mosaic İnscripion” Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 51/2, 2006
  • IBN AL-NADİM, Kitab al-Fihrist,ed. Gustave Flugel, Leipzig, 1871
  • KEY A. F., Traces of the Worship of the Moon God Sin Among the Early İsraelites. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), ss. 20-26
  • LEIPOLDT J., Frühes Christentum im Orient, HdO 8, 2, Leiden, 1961
  • LINFORTH I. M., Two Notes on the Legend of Orpheus, American Philogogical Association, 1931, ss. 5-17
  • LLOYD S.-BRICE W., Harran, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the Bristish of Archaeology.
  • NOVOTNY J. R., Ehulhul, Egipar, Emelamana, and Sin’s Akitu-house: A study of Assyrian building activities at Harran, Toronto, 2003
  • NÖLDEKE T., Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik, Leipzig, 1898
  • OPENHEIM A. L., Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1964
  • ÖZFIRAT A., Eskiçağda Harran, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1994
  • POGNON H., Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamieet de la région de Mossoul, Paris, 1907
  • PRAG K., “The 1959 Deep Sounding at Harran in Turkey”, Levant 2, 1971, ss. 63-94
  • PRICE I. M., The Cult of the Moon-God, Sin. The American Journal of Semitic Languages
  • and Literatures, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul., 1910), ss. 309-311
  • RASTGELDİ S., Edessa, Stockholm, 1971
  • PAULYS REAL-ENCYCLOPÄDİE der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stutgard, 1983
  • ROSS, S. K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringers of the Roman
  • Empire, 114-242 CE. London/New York: Routledge 2001
  • SEGAL J. B., “Two Syriac İnscriptions from Harran”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 20, 1957, ss. 513-52
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa, Blessed City, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa (Urfa) Kutsal Şehir, çev. Ahmet Arslan, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002.
  • SİMİTH W. S., Archaeological News. The Near East, 1950-1951. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1952), s.. 39-65
  • SOURDEL D., Les cultes du Hauran a l’époque romaine, Paris, 1952
  • TÜLEK F., Efsuncu Orpheus, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998
  • van BUREN E. D., Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian art, (Analecta Orientalia, 23, Roma, 1945
  • VÖÖBUS A. , A History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I, Corpus Scriptorum Chhristianorum Orientalium 14, Louvain 1958
  • WHEELER, M., Roma Sanatı ve Mimarlığı, çev. Zeynep Koçel Erdem, Homer Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004
  • YAŞAR Ş., “Edessa Mezar Kitabe ve Mozaiklerine Göre Urfa Paganlarında Ahiret İnancı”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 1, sayı:1, 2003, s. 111-121

ЯЗЫЧЕСТВО И ХРИСТИАНСТВО В ЕДЕССЕ

Year 2016, Issue: 32, 316 - 324, 17.12.2016

Yusuf Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Abstract

Основной темой исследования является Едесса - как один из уникальных образцов культурного и религиозного центра Северной Месопотамии. До христианства в Едессе было распространено язычество, идолами преклонения были космос и звезды. Христианство динамично внедрялось, но вместе с этим в Едессе на протяжении столетий также сосуществовала язычество. В V веке для нашей эры в Едессе место язычества полностью занимает христианство.

Keywords

Едесса язычество культ захоронения христианство

References

  • AGGOULA B., “Remarques sur les inscriptions de Hatra”, Berytus, XVIII, 1969, ss.85-104
  • BAUER W., Rechtläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum, BHth 10, Tübingen, 1934
  • BERNARD L. W., “The Origins and Emergence of the Church in Edessa During the First Two Centruies A. D.”, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 22, 3, 1968, ss. 161-175
  • CUMONT F., Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain, Paris, 1929
  • ÇELİK M., Süryani Tarihi (1), Ayraç Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
  • DAVİS E., King Nabonidus and the Missing Link City. The Science News-Letter, Vol. 19, No. 511 (Jan. 24, 1931), ss. 54-58
  • DHORME, E., Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie, Paris, 1945
  • DIRVEN, L. he Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos, Koninglijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W., Old Syriac (Edessean) İnscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1972
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W., Some New Syriac Inscriptions and Archaeological Finds from Edessa and Sumatar Harabesi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1973, ss. 1-14
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W. Die Götter Edessas. Studien zur Religion und Kultur Klein-Asiens, Festschrift F. K. Dörner, Leiden 1978, I, 264-283.
  • DRIJVERS s, H.J. W., Cult and Beliefs at Edessa, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1980
  • DRIJVERS, H.J. W., “Jews and Christians at Edessa”, Journal of Jewish Studies, Vol: 36, 1985, ss. 88-102
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W.-HEALEY F., The Old Syriac of Edessa and Oshroene: Text, Translations and Commentary, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999
  • DUSSAUD R., Les Arabes en Syrie avant l’Islam, Paris, 1907
  • DUVAL R., Histoire D’édesse, Politique, Religieuse et Littéraire, Amsterdam, 1975
  • ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Volume VII, Chicago, 1969, ss. 967
  • GADD J., The Harran İnscriptons of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 8 (1958), ss. 35-92
  • GAWLIKOWSKI M., Le Temple Paylmrenien, Warszawa, 1973
  • GRANDE ENCYCLOPÉDIE. Volume 15, Paris, 1970, ss. 552
  • GREEN T. M., The City of the Moon God. Religious Traditions of Harran. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol. 14) Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill 1992
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., “Arkeolojik Bulgular Işığında 2. Yüzyıl Sumatar Mar alahe Kültü”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 1992, ss. 149-159
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., Anadolu’da Paganizm, Antik Dönemde Harran ve Urfa, Ankara Okulu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005
  • GÜNEL A., Türk Süryani Tarihi, Oya Matbaası, Diyarbakır, 1970
  • HARRAK A., “The Ancient Name of Edessa”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, University of Chicago Press, (Jul., 1992), ss. 209-214
  • HAYES, E. R., Urfa Akademisi, çev. Yaşar Günenç, Yaba Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
  • HEAD B. V., Historia Numorum, A Manuel Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 1911
  • HEALEY J. F., “A New Syriac Mosaic İnscripion” Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 51/2, 2006
  • IBN AL-NADİM, Kitab al-Fihrist,ed. Gustave Flugel, Leipzig, 1871
  • KEY A. F., Traces of the Worship of the Moon God Sin Among the Early İsraelites. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), ss. 20-26
  • LEIPOLDT J., Frühes Christentum im Orient, HdO 8, 2, Leiden, 1961
  • LINFORTH I. M., Two Notes on the Legend of Orpheus, American Philogogical Association, 1931, ss. 5-17
  • LLOYD S.-BRICE W., Harran, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the Bristish of Archaeology.
  • NOVOTNY J. R., Ehulhul, Egipar, Emelamana, and Sin’s Akitu-house: A study of Assyrian building activities at Harran, Toronto, 2003
  • NÖLDEKE T., Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik, Leipzig, 1898
  • OPENHEIM A. L., Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1964
  • ÖZFIRAT A., Eskiçağda Harran, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1994
  • POGNON H., Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamieet de la région de Mossoul, Paris, 1907
  • PRAG K., “The 1959 Deep Sounding at Harran in Turkey”, Levant 2, 1971, ss. 63-94
  • PRICE I. M., The Cult of the Moon-God, Sin. The American Journal of Semitic Languages
  • and Literatures, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul., 1910), ss. 309-311
  • RASTGELDİ S., Edessa, Stockholm, 1971
  • PAULYS REAL-ENCYCLOPÄDİE der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stutgard, 1983
  • ROSS, S. K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringers of the Roman
  • Empire, 114-242 CE. London/New York: Routledge 2001
  • SEGAL J. B., “Two Syriac İnscriptions from Harran”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 20, 1957, ss. 513-52
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa, Blessed City, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa (Urfa) Kutsal Şehir, çev. Ahmet Arslan, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002.
  • SİMİTH W. S., Archaeological News. The Near East, 1950-1951. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1952), s.. 39-65
  • SOURDEL D., Les cultes du Hauran a l’époque romaine, Paris, 1952
  • TÜLEK F., Efsuncu Orpheus, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998
  • van BUREN E. D., Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian art, (Analecta Orientalia, 23, Roma, 1945
  • VÖÖBUS A. , A History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I, Corpus Scriptorum Chhristianorum Orientalium 14, Louvain 1958
  • WHEELER, M., Roma Sanatı ve Mimarlığı, çev. Zeynep Koçel Erdem, Homer Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004
  • YAŞAR Ş., “Edessa Mezar Kitabe ve Mozaiklerine Göre Urfa Paganlarında Ahiret İnancı”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 1, sayı:1, 2003, s. 111-121

EDESSA’DA PAGANİZM VE HIRİSTİYANLIK

Year 2016, Issue: 32, 316 - 324, 17.12.2016

Yusuf Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681

Abstract

Edessa, Kuzey Mezopotamya’daki
coğrafi konumu nedeniyle din ve kültürel asimilasyonu göstermesi açısından
mükemmel bir örnektir.  Hıristiyanlık
öncesi Edessa’da yıldız ve gezegen kültlerine dayanan paganizm inanç sistemi
görülür. Hristiyanlık ortaya çıkıp hızlı bir şekilde yayılmış olsa bile
Paganizm Edessa’da varlığını yüzyıllarca rahat bir şekilde devam ettirmiştir.
M. S. 5. yüzyılda paganizm tamamen silinir ve Edessa artık bir Hıristiyan şehri
olur.

Keywords

Edessa Paganizm Sin Kültü Hristiyanlık

References

  • AGGOULA B., “Remarques sur les inscriptions de Hatra”, Berytus, XVIII, 1969, ss.85-104
  • BAUER W., Rechtläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum, BHth 10, Tübingen, 1934
  • BERNARD L. W., “The Origins and Emergence of the Church in Edessa During the First Two Centruies A. D.”, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 22, 3, 1968, ss. 161-175
  • CUMONT F., Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain, Paris, 1929
  • ÇELİK M., Süryani Tarihi (1), Ayraç Yayınları, Ankara, 1996
  • DAVİS E., King Nabonidus and the Missing Link City. The Science News-Letter, Vol. 19, No. 511 (Jan. 24, 1931), ss. 54-58
  • DHORME, E., Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie, Paris, 1945
  • DIRVEN, L. he Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos, Koninglijke Brill NV, Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W., Old Syriac (Edessean) İnscriptions, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1972
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W., Some New Syriac Inscriptions and Archaeological Finds from Edessa and Sumatar Harabesi, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1973, ss. 1-14
  • DRIJVERS, H. J. W. Die Götter Edessas. Studien zur Religion und Kultur Klein-Asiens, Festschrift F. K. Dörner, Leiden 1978, I, 264-283.
  • DRIJVERS s, H.J. W., Cult and Beliefs at Edessa, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1980
  • DRIJVERS, H.J. W., “Jews and Christians at Edessa”, Journal of Jewish Studies, Vol: 36, 1985, ss. 88-102
  • DRIJVERS H. J. W.-HEALEY F., The Old Syriac of Edessa and Oshroene: Text, Translations and Commentary, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999
  • DUSSAUD R., Les Arabes en Syrie avant l’Islam, Paris, 1907
  • DUVAL R., Histoire D’édesse, Politique, Religieuse et Littéraire, Amsterdam, 1975
  • ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. Volume VII, Chicago, 1969, ss. 967
  • GADD J., The Harran İnscriptons of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 8 (1958), ss. 35-92
  • GAWLIKOWSKI M., Le Temple Paylmrenien, Warszawa, 1973
  • GRANDE ENCYCLOPÉDIE. Volume 15, Paris, 1970, ss. 552
  • GREEN T. M., The City of the Moon God. Religious Traditions of Harran. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol. 14) Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill 1992
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., “Arkeolojik Bulgular Işığında 2. Yüzyıl Sumatar Mar alahe Kültü”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 1992, ss. 149-159
  • GÜNDÜZ Ş., Anadolu’da Paganizm, Antik Dönemde Harran ve Urfa, Ankara Okulu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005
  • GÜNEL A., Türk Süryani Tarihi, Oya Matbaası, Diyarbakır, 1970
  • HARRAK A., “The Ancient Name of Edessa”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, University of Chicago Press, (Jul., 1992), ss. 209-214
  • HAYES, E. R., Urfa Akademisi, çev. Yaşar Günenç, Yaba Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
  • HEAD B. V., Historia Numorum, A Manuel Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 1911
  • HEALEY J. F., “A New Syriac Mosaic İnscripion” Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 51/2, 2006
  • IBN AL-NADİM, Kitab al-Fihrist,ed. Gustave Flugel, Leipzig, 1871
  • KEY A. F., Traces of the Worship of the Moon God Sin Among the Early İsraelites. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), ss. 20-26
  • LEIPOLDT J., Frühes Christentum im Orient, HdO 8, 2, Leiden, 1961
  • LINFORTH I. M., Two Notes on the Legend of Orpheus, American Philogogical Association, 1931, ss. 5-17
  • LLOYD S.-BRICE W., Harran, Anatolian Studies, Journal of the Bristish of Archaeology.
  • NOVOTNY J. R., Ehulhul, Egipar, Emelamana, and Sin’s Akitu-house: A study of Assyrian building activities at Harran, Toronto, 2003
  • NÖLDEKE T., Kurzgefasste Syrische Grammatik, Leipzig, 1898
  • OPENHEIM A. L., Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1964
  • ÖZFIRAT A., Eskiçağda Harran, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1994
  • POGNON H., Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamieet de la région de Mossoul, Paris, 1907
  • PRAG K., “The 1959 Deep Sounding at Harran in Turkey”, Levant 2, 1971, ss. 63-94
  • PRICE I. M., The Cult of the Moon-God, Sin. The American Journal of Semitic Languages
  • and Literatures, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul., 1910), ss. 309-311
  • RASTGELDİ S., Edessa, Stockholm, 1971
  • PAULYS REAL-ENCYCLOPÄDİE der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stutgard, 1983
  • ROSS, S. K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringers of the Roman
  • Empire, 114-242 CE. London/New York: Routledge 2001
  • SEGAL J. B., “Two Syriac İnscriptions from Harran”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 20, 1957, ss. 513-52
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa, Blessed City, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
  • SEGAL J. B., Edessa (Urfa) Kutsal Şehir, çev. Ahmet Arslan, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002.
  • SİMİTH W. S., Archaeological News. The Near East, 1950-1951. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1952), s.. 39-65
  • SOURDEL D., Les cultes du Hauran a l’époque romaine, Paris, 1952
  • TÜLEK F., Efsuncu Orpheus, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998
  • van BUREN E. D., Symbols of the Gods in Mesopotamian art, (Analecta Orientalia, 23, Roma, 1945
  • VÖÖBUS A. , A History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I, Corpus Scriptorum Chhristianorum Orientalium 14, Louvain 1958
  • WHEELER, M., Roma Sanatı ve Mimarlığı, çev. Zeynep Koçel Erdem, Homer Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2004
  • YAŞAR Ş., “Edessa Mezar Kitabe ve Mozaiklerine Göre Urfa Paganlarında Ahiret İnancı”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 1, sayı:1, 2003, s. 111-121
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yusuf Albayrak This is me

Publication Date December 17, 2016
Submission Date December 19, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Issue: 32

Cite

APA Albayrak, Y. (2016). EDESSA’DA PAGANİZM VE HIRİSTİYANLIK. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 32(32), 316-324. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.279681
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