ПОЛИТИКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ САУДОВСКОЙ АРАВИИ КАК РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕРЖАВЫ В ОДНОПОЛЯРНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ (2010-2020)

Year 2023, Issue: 60, 140 - 156, 18.12.2023

Sibel Bülbül Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1375733

Abstract

Если проанализировать политику безопасности Саудовской Аравии в период с 2000 по 2010 годы и с 2010 по 2020 годы, можно увидеть, что, хотя нет никаких изменений во внутренних угрозах, касающихся безопасности саудовского режима, произошли изменения и трансформация его внешних угроз. Таким образом, при союзнических отношениях для уравновешивания внешней угрозы Саудовская Аравии установливая альянсы, пытается сбалансировать внутренние угрозы с соответствующей внешней угрозой, Это показывает, что поведение государства и союзнические отношения постоянно устанавливаются как мгновенные меры безопасности. Угрозы и изменения в союзнических отношениях, которые также рассматриваются как динамическая структура международной системы, требуют многогранного подхода со стороны региональных держав. Поскольку как Саудовской Аравия является государством-рантье, такая ситуация также обусловлена исходя из разных характеристик, таких как её монархическая государственная структура и общество, имеющие конкурирующую лояльность за пределами государства, а также её экономическое положение. Общество, где внутренние угрозы и безопасность режима считаются более важными и приоритетными, чем безопасность государства, должны иметь многоуровневые факторы обеспечения своей безопасности, поскольку местные особенности являются подходящими для этого. Для Саудовской Аравии эти факторы исходят из внутренних угроз, связанные с внешней и региональными и глобальными угрозами. В тех случаях, когда двойное балансирование невозможно, в игру вступают различные инициативы по реформированию, социальной помощи и сотрудничества.

Keywords

Саудовская Аравия, региональная держава, стратегия безопасности, стратегия двойного балансирования, внутренние и внешние угрозы

TEK KUTUPLU SİSTEMDE BİR BÖLGESEL GÜÇ OLARAK SUUDİ ARABİSTAN’IN GÜVENLİK POLİTİKASI (2010-2020)

Abstract

Suudi Arabistan’ın 2000-2010 yılları ve 2010-2020 yılları arasındaki güvenlik politikaları incelendiğinde Suudi Arabistan’ın Rejim’inin güvenliği noktasında iç tehditlerinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmamasına rağmen dış tehditlerinde değişim ve dönüşüm yaşandığı görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla iç tehditleri ilişkili dış tehditle dengelemek için sergilediği ittifak ilişkilerinde iç tehditleri aynı olmasına rağmen ilişkili dış tehditler ve ana tehdit değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu durumda bize devlet davranışlarının ve ittifak ilişkilerinin anlık güvenlik tedbirleri olarak sürekli yeniden kurulduğunu göstermektedir. Uluslararası sistemin dinamik yapısı olarak da görülen tehditler ve ittifak ilişkilerindeki değişim bölgesel güçler için çok yönlü bir yaklaşımı gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu durum Suudi Arabistan’ın devlet yapısının monarşik olması, halkın devlet dışında rakip bağlılıklara sahip oluşu ve ekonomik özelliklerinin rantiyer devlet oluşu gibi özelliklerinden de kaynaklanmaktadır. İç tehditlerle rejimin güvenliğinin devletin güvenliğinden daha önemli ve öncelikli görüldüğü toplumlar için yerel özelliklerinin de buna müsait oluşundan dolayı güvenliklerini sağlamak için çok katmanlı etkenlere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Suudi Arabistan için bu etkenler iç tehditlerden, iç tehditle ilişkili bir dış tehditten, bölgesel ve küresel tehditlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu durumda Suudi Arabistan’ın iç tehditleri ile ilişkili dış güçlerle ittifak yapmasına, iç ve dış tehdidi birbiriyle dengelemesini ifade eden çift dengeleme stratejisini doğurmaktadır. Çift dengelemenin mümkün olmadığı durumlarda da çeşitli reformlar, sosyal yardımlar ve iş birliği girişimleri devreye girmektedir.

Keywords

Suudi Arabistan, bölgesel güç, güvenlik stratejisi, çift dengeleme stratejisi, iç ve dış tehditler

SECURITY STRATEGY OF SAUDI ARABIA AS A REGIONAL POWER IN THE UNIPOLAR SYSTEM (2010-2020)

Abstract

When the security policies of Saudi Arabia between 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 are examined, it can be seen that although there is no change in the internal threats to the Saudi Arabian Regime, there has been a change and transformation in its external threats. Therefore, although the internal threats are the same, in the alliance relations it has formed to balance the internal threats with the interrelated external threats, the interrelated external threats and the main threat have changed. In this case, it shows us that state behavior and alliance relations are constantly re-established as instant security measures. Threats, which are also seen as the dynamic structure of the international system, and the change in alliance relations necessitate a multifaceted approach for regional powers. This is also due to the features of Saudi Arabia such as the monarchical state structure, the competing allegiencies of the people, and the fact that it is a rentier state. For societies where the security of the regime is more important and prioritized than the security of the state due to internal threats, it should have multi-layered factors to ensure their security, because of their local characteristics. For Saudi Arabia, these factors consist of internal threats, an external threat interrelated with an internal threat, and regional and global threats. This situation gives rise to the omni-balancing strategy, which means that Saudi Arabia forms alliances with foreign powers interrelated to its internal threats and balances internal and external threats with each other. In cases where omni-balancing is not possible, various reforms, social assistance and cooperation initiatives come into play.

Keywords

Saudi Arabia, regional power, security strategy, omni-balacing strategy, internal and external theats

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